2. Compendium of IHHLs Design Options for Odisha final (1)

1Compendium of Individual House-hold Latrine (IHHL) Design Options for Odisha state
Contributing to the Sanitation Movement
in the State of Odisha, India
DRAFT

This Report is prepared by:
Mr. Ramchandra Panda, Technical Officer - WASH, TMST
Mr. Anindya Kumar Sarkar, Sector Lead - WASH, TMST
Mr. Niladri Chakraborti, Program Coordinator-WASH, TMST
Review and support by:
Ms. Joanna Drazdzewska, Programme Manager
Mr. Jayakrishnan B., Team Leader, TMST
District Teams, TMST
Photo Courtesy:
District Team, TMST
Architectural 3D designs:
ADCO venture Pvt. Ltd., Bhubaneswar
Ph.: 9178785030/ 9090970077
Email: adcoventures@gmail.com

ACRONYMS
APL Above Poverty Line
BLF Block Level Federation
BPL Below Poverty Line
CBO Community Based Organization
CSEB Compressed Stabilized Earth Block
CLS Community Led Sanitation
CLTS Community Led Total Sanitation
CRSP Central Rural Sanitation Programme
DFID Department for International Development, UKaid
DPO District Programme Officer
DWSM District Water and Sanitation Mission
Fed Federation
GP Gram Panchayat
HB High Burden
HBS Nutrition High Burdened Districts
ICDS Integrated Child Development Services
IEC Information, Education and Communication
IHHL Individual House Hold Latrine
MO Mentor Organization
MPR Monthly Progress Report
MT Master Trainer
MGNREGA Mahatma Gandhi Nation Rural Employment Guarantee Act
NBA Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan

NGO Non Government Organisation
NRLM National Rural Livelihood Mission
OD Open Defecation
ODF Open Defecation Free
OSWSM Odisha State Water & Sanitation Mission
OTELP Odisha Tribal Empowerment and Livelihood Programme
RDD Rural Development Department
RWSS Rural Water Supply and Sanitation
SC Schedule Caste
SBM Swachh Bharat Mission
SHG Self-Help Group
SLWM Solid and Liquid Waste Management
ST Schedule Tribe
SV Shakti Varta
TFO Technical Facilitating Organization
ToT Training of Trainers
TSC Total Sanitation Campaign
TMST Technical and Management Support Team
WA WASH Academy
WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
WSHG Women Self-Help Group
WSSO Water and Sanitation Support Organization

Table of Contents
ACRONYMS .........................................................................................3
1.0 Background ....................................................................................9
1.1 Sanitation in Odisha......................................................................................................................9
1.2 IHHL Technology Options............................................................................................................11
1.2.1 Sanitation Solutions .............................................................................................................11
1.2.2 User interface.......................................................................................................................11
1.2.3 Waste disposal system.........................................................................................................12
2.0 Overview.........................................................................................12
3.0 Household Toilet Options available in Odisha.................................13
3.1 Twin-pit Pour flush toilet (provision for 2nd
pit after 2-3 years) Model......................................13
3.1.1 Structure of Toilet................................................................................................................13
3.1.1.1What is a Pour Flush (PF) Toilet? ...................................................................................13
3.1.1.2 Functioning ...................................................................................................................13
3.1.2 Size of Toilet.........................................................................................................................14
3.1.3 Squatting Pan and Trap........................................................................................................14
3.1.4 Footrests ..............................................................................................................................14
3.1.4 Pit Lining...............................................................................................................................15
3.1.4.1 Brick masonry lining......................................................................................................15
3.1.4.2 Cement Concrete Ring (Well ring) lining.......................................................................15
3. 1.4.3 Random Rubble Stone Masonry Lining........................................................................15
3.1.5 Pit Bottom............................................................................................................................15
3.1.6 Distance of Pits from Foundation ........................................................................................16
3.1.7 Pit Cover...............................................................................................................................16
3.1.8 Interconnection between Pits and Squatting Pan (junction chamber) ...............................16
3.1.9 Leach Pit...............................................................................................................................17
3.1.9.1 Sludge Storage Volume.................................................................................................17
3.1.9.2 Sludge Accumulation Rate ............................................................................................17
3.1.9.3 Number of Users...........................................................................................................17
3.1.9.4 Infiltration Area.............................................................................................................18
3.1.9.5 Long Term Infiltration Rate...........................................................................................18

3.1.9.6 Flow to the Pit...............................................................................................................18
3.1.9.7 Pits in Water Logged, Flood Prone and High Sub-soil Water Areas..............................18
3.1.9.8 Pits in Soils with Low infiltration capacity.....................................................................19
3.1.9.9 Pits Where Space is a Constraint ..................................................................................20
Where space is a constraint the pit layout can be staggered as detailed in the section on
“location and orientation of pits”3.1.9.10 Size of Leach Pits ...................................................20
3.1.9.11 Shape of Pits................................................................................................................21
3.1.9.12 Location and Orientation of Pits.................................................................................21
3.1.9.13 Spacing between Two Pits ..........................................................................................21
3.1.9.14 Precautions .................................................................................................................21
3.2 Pollution Safeguards ...................................................................................................................21
3.3 Septic Tank..................................................................................................................................22
3.3.1 Construction Methodology..................................................................................................23
3.3.2 Size .......................................................................................................................................23
3.3.3 Inlet ......................................................................................................................................23
3.3.4 Outlet ...................................................................................................................................24
3.3.5 Advantages...........................................................................................................................24
3.3.6 Disadvantages......................................................................................................................24
3.3.7 Difference between Leach pit and Septic tank....................................................................24
3.4 Latrine Superstructure................................................................................................................24
3.5 Ecological Sanitation...................................................................................................................25
3.5.1 Eco-san Toilets .....................................................................................................................25
3.5.2 How does an Ecosan Toilet work? .......................................................................................26
3.5.3 Functional Aspects of an Ecosan Toilet................................................................................26
3.5.4 Liquid discharge from an Ecosan Toilet ...............................................................................26
3.5.5 Suitability of an Ecosan toilet...............................................................................................26
3.5.6 Merits of an Ecosan toilet....................................................................................................26
3.5.7 Demerits of an Ecosan toilet................................................................................................27
3.5.8 Working Life.........................................................................................................................27
3.5.9 User's responsibility.............................................................................................................27
3.5.10 Precautions to be adopted by users ..................................................................................27
3.5.11 Precautions with urine and compost use ..........................................................................27
4.0 Technological Options.....................................................................27
4.1 Technology Option – 1................................................................................................................29

4.1.1 Salient Features....................................................................................................................29
4.1.2 Drawing and Design .............................................................................................................29
4.1.3 Detailed Estimation..............................................................................................................31
4.1.4 Bill of Quantities...................................................................................................................32
4.1.5 Photographic and 3D views: ................................................................................................33
4.2.4 Bill of Quantities (BoQs):......................................................................................................36
4.2.5 Photographic and 3D views .................................................................................................37
......................................................................................................................................................37
......................................................................................................................................................38
4.4.3 Detailed Estimate.................................................................................................................43
4.5.2 Design and Drawing .............................................................................................................46

......................................................................................................................................................58
5.0 IHHL Designs for Differently-abled Persons.....................................60
5.1 Design dimensions ......................................................................................................................60
5.2 Steps............................................................................................................................................60
5.3 Surface of paths and steps..........................................................................................................61
5.4 Toilet Size....................................................................................................................................61
5.5 Raised toilet seats.......................................................................................................................62
6.0 Checks during construction .............................................................62
7.0 Do’s and Don’ts during construction and use of a toilet..................64
8.0 References ......................................................................................66

1.0 Background
1.1 Sanitation in Odisha
Good sanitation is a key factor affecting health and includes food handling, personal,
communal and environmental hygiene and access to safe and adequate water. It also
includes home sanitation and safe disposal of solid, liquid waste and human excreta. It is a
fundamental requirement of society to ensure good health, a protected environment and the
overall wellbeing of everyone in the society. Unless proper, functional sanitation facilities
are in use accompanied by correct hygiene behavior, communities will be vulnerable to
recurring incidences of water and sanitation related problems. Sanitation coverage has
lagged behind water provision since the first International Decade of Water and Sanitation
(1980–1990). India is far from meeting the Millennium Development Goal of halving by 2015
the proportion of people without sustainable access to improved sanitation, as agreed in the
Monterrey Consensus and reinvigorated as part of the “Water for Life” Decade (2005–2015).
As the world attempts to realize the goals, India must reassess the lessons learned, evaluate
new technologies, identify research gaps, and critically discuss ways forward.
A study by the Water and Sanitation Program of the World Bank estimates that inadequate
sanitation costs India the equivalent of 6.4% of its GDP (in 2006). As of February 2011, 31%
of rural households in India have access to toilets. Widespread open defecation in India is
not only a critical public health concern; it also limits human capital accumulation, and
therefore economic potential. Consumption of unsafe drinking water, improper disposal of
human excreta, improper environmental sanitation and lack of personal and food hygiene
have been major causes of many diseases in developing countries. India is no exception to
this. Prevailing High Infant Mortality Rate in rural areas is also largely attributable to poor
sanitation. India is near the top of the list of poor performers with about 1000 under five
deaths per day caused by diarrhea. Open defecation has been identified as one of the major
contributors towards these deaths. India also has 58% of all the people practicing open
defecation globally, a staggering 638 million people.
Reducing the practice of open defecation is one of India‟s top priorities and a government
flagship program of Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) spearheaded this priority and
impressive achievements were made. The Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation
(DDWS) reported a stunning 79 million household toilets out of a target of 126 million rural
households have been constructed in India since 1999. However, a 2008 UNICEF study
points out that a mere 21% of rural India actually uses improved sanitation facilities. It is
also estimated that 1 in every 10 deaths in Indian villages is linked to poor sanitation and
hygiene.
Rural sanitation did not feature as a key investment during the first five plan periods as
reflected in its negligible funding share. However, it received prominence from the Sixth
Plan (1980-85) onwards with the launch of the International Drinking Water Supply and
Sanitation Decade in 1980. In addition, responsibility for rural sanitation at the central level

was shifted from the Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization to
the Rural Development Department. As an open defecation free environment has always
been a challenge in rural parts of India, the Indian government started, after 1985, to
introduce new schemes and has been revising the old ones to recognize the current situation.
In 1986, the Rural Development Department initiated India‟s first national programme on
rural sanitation, the Central Rural Sanitation Programme (CRSP). The CRSP interpreted
sanitation as construction of household toilets and focused on the promotion of a single
technology model (the double pit pour-flush toilet), using hardware subsidies to generate
demand.
The key issue of motivating behavior change to end open defecation and ensure use of
toilets was not addressed however, contributing to the program’s failure. Although more
than Rs. 660 crore was invested and over 90 Lakh latrines constructed, rural sanitation grew
at just 1 percent annually throughout the 1990s and the Census of 2001 found that only 22
percent of rural households had access to toilets.
In light of the relatively poor performance of the CRSP, the Government of India stopped
the programme, following it with the launch of the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) in 1999.
A key learning that informed TSC design was that toilet construction does not automatically
translate into its usage, and people must be motivated to end open defecation if rural
sanitation outcomes are to be achieved. A second key learning was the recognition of the
“public good” dimensions of safe sanitation and the realization that health outcomes will not
be achieved unless the entire community adopts safe sanitation. Accordingly TSC
introduced the concept of “demand-driven, community-led approach to total sanitation”
(DDWS 1999). This was further strengthened by the introduction of the Nirmal Gram
Puruskar program (NGP) in 2003.
On June 7, 2012, The Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation rechristened Total
Sanitation Campaign (TSC) as Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Initiative /NBA). This
has the objective of accelerating sanitation coverage in rural areas so as to comprehensively
cover the rural community through renewed strategies and a saturation approach. NBA
envisages covering an entire village community with sanitation and by creating and
rewarding Nirmal Gram Panchayats (Open Defecation Free).
Although TSC was launched in 1999, progress has been slow. Rural sanitation being a State
subject, it is necessary that State Governments grant high priority to the program, which has
not been happened so far. State Governments have not released their share of funds to TSC
projects in a timely manner and some not at all because of financial constraints as well as
lack of political will. There has been insufficient capacity building at the cutting edge for
implementing a demand driven project and limited emphasis on social mobilization and IEC
(Information, Education and Communication).
Recent studies by DLHS (2008) and NSSO (2010) show that more than 80% of the
households in the rural areas still practice open defecation in Odisha, making the state the

2nd worst performing state in India. These figures suggest that the TSC campaign in Odisha
was off-track to achieve its intended goal. The underlying component of Odisha lagging
behind could be defined as; (1) Strategy for TSC implementation, (2) Institutional Structure
and Capacity,(3) Program Approach to Create Demand and Scaling Up,(4) Technology
Option and Supply Chain,(5) Financing and Incentives and (6) Monitoring. The Government
of Odisha has now adopted the NBA as Nirmal Odisha Abhiyan (NOA) with an objective of
making Odisha open defecation free by 2022. The NOA will be implemented through
convergence and coordination of the concerned departments (SANJOG partners) namely,
Department of Rural Development, Panchayati Raj Institutions, Health and Family Welfare,
Women and Child Development and School and Mass Education Departments.
1.2 IHHL Technology Options
In order to comprehensively enhance sanitation coverage in Odisha, it is important to
recognize that, not just technology driven options, but social process, delivery systems and
small design improvements in existing sanitation systems are equally critical. For instance,
in remote parts of the state, availability of building materials and labour is a constraint, and
therefore, a supply chain for construction of toilets is needed for providing sanitation
solutions. Similarly, for areas where availability of space for individual toilets is a constraint,
the solution will have to address space design of toilets. Keeping this in mind, the
compendium also includes solutions which are process and design driven, in addition to
sanitation technologies.
1.2.1 Sanitation Solutions
Sanitation infrastructure should be understood as a system, consisting of two main
components –the ‘user interface’ and ‘waste disposal system’. The role of a sanitation
“system‟ is to ensure a safe and hygienic management of human waste from the point of
its generation to the point of ultimate disposal. The selection of sanitation solution will
consider both the requirements of sanitation system and the appropriate materials/
technologies to construct the toilet. The solutions will vary according to the regional
differences across the state such as climatic conditions, soil conditions, access to water and
affordability.
1.2.2 User interface
This comprises of toilet enclosure (foundations, walls, roof and door), the seat/s and
plumbing for transferring sewage and wastewater outside the toilet. The user interface must
meet following requirements:
I. Hygiene–the toilet should remain free of odour and be easy to clean and
maintain.
II. Universal Design Accessibility– this is the usability of toilet from the point of
view of special needs of disabled people or senior citizens. Also, it should be safe
for use by children in age group of 5 to10 years.

III. Gender–the user interface should provide adequate security for women.
Particularly in schools, a separate space or “change room‟ and disposal facilities
should be provided for the sanitary needs of girls.
1.2.3 Waste disposal system
This refers to the facility provided for collection and storage of waste in such a way that
either it can be disposed of safely without handling the waste or it can be taken out and
transported for final disposal/use. The following requirements should be met by the
collection-treatment facility;
I. Nonpolluting–the collection and disposal of excreta and waste water should not
pollute ground water.
II. Functionality–the treatment system should be suitable for the given soil strata or
geographical condition, such that it remains functional for a minimum period of
3 years, without the need for cleaning or handling the waste for such duration.
III. Technically sound-any leach pits shall be constructed to operate properly
without air being introduced.
2.0 Overview
OSWSM worked out a viable design along with a cost estimate of Rs. 12,000/- (refer to
Annexure -1) for implementation in all the districts. The DWSMs can change and modify the
design and estimate as per the locally available building materials.
DFID-TMST embarked on a project to support OSWSM to
A. Inspire a behavioural change and generate demand for toilet construction and use.
B. Facilitate an exemplary and effective community-based supply chain management
system through establishment of WASH Academies.
During field implementation and discussion with the Collector cum District Magistrate,
DWSMs and State Sanitation Mission the need became clear for a compendium of
technically viable toilet designs along with cost estimates, Bills of Quantity (BoQs), suitable
for the people and the local geology. TMST carried out field visits in various districts
covering all regional and climatic zones. The details are listed below:
Name of the
Districts visited
Reasons
Kandhamal The district is in the central part of Odisha and a one-stop shop for
sanitary goods is available where a WASH Academy managed by
women‟s self-help groups operates.
Kalahandi The district is in the south-western part of Odisha and a one-stop shop for
sanitary goods is available where a WASH Academy managed by

women‟s self-help federations operates.
Jharsuguda
The district is in the western part of Odisha and is an industrially
developed district.
Sambalpur
The district is in the western part of Odisha and new innovative toilet
designs have been made available in the district.
Sundargarh The district is in the western part of Odisha.
Balasore
The district is in the Northern and Coastal part of Odisha and is one of
the best performing districts in the state. Toilets need to be designed to
operate in water logged and regularly flood affected areas.
Rayagada
The district is in the Southern part of Odisha. The district has a large
tribal population where the technologies need to be different.
3.0 Household Toilet Options available in Odisha
3.1 Twin-pit Pour flush toilet (provision for 2nd pit after 2-3 years) Model
3.1.1 Structure of Toilet
3.1.1.1What is a Pour Flush (PF) Toilet?
The PF toilet consists of:
a. A squatting pan of special design (Drawing on page ----) set in the floor;
b. A trap with a 2O mm water seal, to prevent the emission of foul smells and stop any
fly/mosquito access to a pit (Drawing on page --);
c. Leaching pits which retains solid matter and allows liquid to leach and gases to
disperse into the ground; and
d. An interconnecting drain system between pits and trap via a junction chamber;
e. A superstructure
3.1.1.2 Functioning
The excreta are carried into subsurface leach pits through pipes or covered drains and one
pit is used at a time. The liquid infiltrates into the soil through the holes in the pit lining. The
gases also disperse into the soil, and therefore, the provision of a vent pipe for its outlet is
not necessary and would adversely affect the decomposition within the leach pit, if used.
When one pit is full, the excreta are diverted to the second pit. The filled pit can be
conveniently emptied after a rest period of one to one and a half years, during which
pathogens are inactivated and the organic matter decomposed. Thus the two pits can be
used alternately and continuously. This is the major point of a twin pit design that users
need to be aware of. The junction chamber is also a fundamental part of the design and must
be built and operate correctly.
In a single pit design desludging is required immediately after the pit has filled up, and
therefore involves handling of fresh and undigested excreta which is hazardous to health.
Single leach pits are therefore not appropriate solutions..

3.1.2 Size of Toilet
The minimum internal size of the latrine superstructure should be 900 mm from side to side
and 1200 mm from front to back. In firm soil the depth of the foundation should be 300 mm.
In loose or filled up or black cotton soil, the foundation should be increased in depth as per
site conditions. The plinth should be a minimum of 300 mm above ground level.
3.1.3 Squatting Pan and Trap
The steeply shaped rural pan requires only 1-2
litres of water to flush and could be of Ceramic,
Glass fibre Reinforced Plastic (GRP), Cement
Concrete (CC), cement Mosaic, Poly Propylene
(PP) or Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC). Ceramic
pans are the best but costliest. Mosaic or cement
concrete pans have the advantage that they can
be manufactured locally by trained masons, but
they are heavy and the surface tends to become
rough and discoloured after long use. Their
acceptance is lower than for other types.
Traps for rural ceramic pans are made of the
same material but for GRP pans, High Density
Poly Ethylene (HDPE) traps are used. For
mosaic and cement concrete pans, traps are of
cement concrete. Care must be taken to match
the trap to the rural pan and not accept a trap
that suits the urban pan that requires 6-9 litres of
water per flush.
The rim of the squatting pan should be installed horizontally and the trap connected to
ensure a 2Omm water-seal. While fixing the trap, keep the top of the inlet and the top
curvature of the trap horizontal; the squatting pan should then be fixed over the trap in such
a way that its rim is horizontal and flush with the latrine floor. This process will ensure 20
mm water seal in the trap.
The distance between the pan and
the back wall of the latrine
superstructure should be about 200
mm.
3.1.4 Footrests

These can be of ceramic, cement concrete, cement mosaic or plastered brick. The top of the
foot-rests should be about 20 mm above the floor level and inclined slightly away from the
squatting pan in the front. Alternately foot rests can be an integral part of plastic or ceramic
squatting pans. The size of the foot rest is „Length 250mm, width bottom 115mm and top
150mm, height about 20mm above the floor level. Footrests need to be fixed 200mm+175mm
from rear or back side wall. See the figure above.
3.1.4 Pit Lining
3.1.4.1 Brick masonry lining
The pits should be lined to avoid collapsing. Bricks jointed in 1:6 cement mortar are most
commonly used for lining. The thickness of the brick lining should be 115mm. The lining
brickwork should be founded on a ring of 225mm brickwork.
The lining in the brick work should be by honey-combing up to the invert level of the
incoming pipe or drain. The size of the gaps should be about 25 mm wide, and extend to the
full height of each alternate brick course. 1f the soil is sandy or a sand envelope is provided
or there are chances of damage by field rats, the width of the openings should be reduced to
12 to 15 mm (see drawing). Where the foundation of a building is close to the pit, holes
should not be made in the portion of lining facing the foundation. However while designing
pits in such situation; the infiltrative area should be increased because less surface area
would be available for infiltration. In this case the pit layout should be carefully planned.
The lining above the invert of the inlet pipe or drain, up to the bottom of the pit cover,
should be in solid brick work, i.e. with no openings.
3.1.4.2 Cement Concrete Ring (Well ring) lining
Concrete rings used for lining should be 40 mm thick, about 300 mm in height and
constructed with 1:3:6 cement concrete, reinforced with 2 rings of 6 mm dia mild steel bars.
The first ring is placed after casting 50 mm of height and the second ring is placed at a
height of 250 mm. Each ring should have two rows of 50 mm circular holes staggered about
200 mm apart. The rings are not to be jointed with mortar but are put dry, one over the
other, with small concrete spacers. Below the pit cover two courses of brick work in cement
mortar 1:6 should be provided for supporting the pit cover. The use of concrete rings is
advantageous in the construction of wet pits.
3. 1.4.3 Random Rubble Stone Masonry Lining
Stones or laterite bricks could also be used depending upon their availability and cost.
Lining can be constructed in random rubble stone open jointed pitching (no mortar) with
one layer at the bottom and the other in the middle, in cement mortar 1:6.
3.1.5 Pit Bottom
Except where precautions are to be taken to prevent pollution of drinking water sources the
pit bottom should be left in a natural free draining condition.

3.1.6 Distance of Pits from Foundation
Pits up to 1.7 m depth can be safely located at a distance of 500 mm from an existing
structure (distance between the foundations of the building to periphery of pit). For 2 m
deep pits, a safe distance is 900 mm. Generally pits need only be constructed to 1 metre deep
for an average family size.
3.1.7 Pit Cover
Usually Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) 1:2:4 slabs are used for covering the pits, but
depending upon the availability and cost, flagstones can also be used. The RCC slabs may be
cast in two pieces for convenience of handling. The thickness of a RCC pit cover will depend
upon the load expected to come on it. For pits located inside the premises of a household,
where they are not subjected to heavy loading, the thickness can be 50 mm but in such cases
the covers should be centrally cast with stone
ballast to ensure quality control. Brick ballast (of
over burnt or first class bricks) can be used
where stone ballast is not easily available and is
costly, but the thickness of the slab should be
increased to 75 mm. The details of
reinforcement in RCC pit covers are shown in
the drawing.
Bar Schedule for Leach pit cover
Dia of Leach
pit (D)
No. of Bars Slab
ThicknessHorizontal Vertical
900 8 4 50
1200 10 5 60
1400 12 6 75
3.1.8 Interconnection between Pits and Squatting Pan (junction chamber)
The trap is connected
to the pit through a 75
mm brick channel of
„U‟ cross sectional
shape covered with
bricks jointed with
weak mortar (for
example mud) or
cement mortar 1:12 (as
adjacent drawing ), or
PVC non pressure
pipe. In case pipes are
used, a chamber of

minimum size 250 mm x 250 mm (as adjacent drawing)) should be provided at the
bifurcation point to facilitate cleaning and allowing flow to the pit. In the case of a drain, the
„Y‟ portion of the drain serves the same purpose. The channel or pipe should have a
minimum gradient of 1:15. The pipe or drain leading to the pit not in use should be
completely sealed with a temporary plug, say of brick, stone or concrete etc., joined with
weak mortar.
3.1.9 Leach Pit
The size of the leach pits is determined first on the basis of the volume required for storage
of solid matter, and then it is checked whether it provides sufficient infiltrative surface area
for infiltrating waste water to the surrounding soil. If it does not, the volume should be
increased to provide adequate infiltrative surface area. A free space of at least 300 mm must
be provided above the invert level of the inlet pipes or drains up to the bottom of the pit
cover.
3.1.9.1 Sludge Storage Volume
The volume required is calculated on the basis of sludge accumulation rate, the number of
persons likely to use the latrine, and the design sludge storage period.
Storage volume needed = Sludge accumulation rate x Number of users x Design storage
period
3.1.9.2 Sludge Accumulation Rate
A leach pit is classified as wet or dry depending on whether the ground water table is above
or below the bottom of the pit. In dry pits the storage volume needed is calculated only on
the basis of sludge accumulation rate. But in wet pits even though the sludge accumulation
rate is lower, the pit volume has to be increased to prevent flooding due to surcharge. For
designing pits, the volume needed per person per year is given below:
Table – Pit Design-Volume Per capita Per Year in Cubic Metres
Materials Used for anal cleansing Dry Pits Wet pits (2 year desludging interval)
Water 0.04 0.078
3.1.9.3 Number of Users
The number of persons likely to use the latrine varies from house-to-house, but to
standardize construction details, pits are designed for 5, 10 and 15 users. 1f the users in the
household are more than 15, it is better to provide two pairs of pits of appropriate size.
The minimum design interval between successive manual desludging of pits could be one
and a half years which is the period required for inactivation of the most persistent
pathogen present in faecal matter. To allow for a reasonable degree of operational flexibility
as well as to provide a safety factor, it is desirable to provide at least a 2 year storage
volume. However, if necessary, the pits can be designed for longer periods.

3.1.9.4 Infiltration Area
The area required for infiltration is calculated by taking into account the expected total daily
flow to the pit and the long term infiltration rate of the soil where the pits are to be located.
Infiltrative surface area required = Daily total flow to the pit
Long term infiltration rate of soil
The vertical surface area of the soil in contact with the pit walls from the pit bottom to the
invert level of the pipe or drain is to be considered for infiltration. The bottom of the pit is
not taken into account for infiltration as it clogs in the course of time.
3.1.9.5 Long Term Infiltration Rate
The infiltration rate for different types of soil is taken to calculate the infiltrative surface area
required as shown below:
Soil Type Litres per m2 per day
Sand 50
Sandy loam, loams 30
Porous silty loams, porous silty clay loams 20
Compact silty loams, compact silty clay loams, clay 10
3.1.9.6 Flow to the Pit
Unless more specific data is available, flow to the pit is taken as 9.5 litres per day per person.
This includes urine, excreta, and water used for anal cleansing after defecation and flushing.
The total flow in the pit is calculated by multiplying the expected number of latrine users by
9.5 and adding 5 Iitres for the water used for washing and cleaning the latrine floor and
squatting pan.
3.1.9.7 Pits in Water Logged, Flood Prone and High Sub-soil Water Areas
In high sub-soil, water logged or flood prone areas, the pits should be raised above the
ground level to a height such that the invert of the incoming drains/pipes is just above the
likely flood water or sub-soil water level. Raising the pipes will necessitate raising the latrine
floor also.

In pits located in water logged
or flood prone areas, earth
should be filled and well
compacted all around the pits
in 1000 mm width and up to
the top (see drawing). It is not
necessary to raise the pits by
more than 300 mm above the
plinth of the house because if
water rises above the plinth,
the residents will anyway
vacate the house.
In these situations, the pits
should be designed as wet pits,
taking into consideration the
infiltration rate of the type of
soil.
3.1.9.8 Pits in Soils with Low
infiltration capacity
Leaching capacity tends to be
the limiting factor when the
infiltrative capacity of soil is low. In these circumstances, there are two options: construct a
larger pit, or increase the
critical leaching area. The
former option is costly,
while the latter can be
accomplished by
backfilling and
compacting with brick
ballast, gravel, sand etc.,
in the required width all
around the pit, since the
leaching area is the
vertical surface of the
excavation of the pit
rather than the external
wall of the pit (See section
on “Infiltration Area”).
Pits in Black Cotton Soil
are designed on the basis
of whether the pit is wet
or dry, taking the infiltration rate as 10 litres per sq. metre per day. However, a minimum
300 mm vertical fill (envelope all around the pit) of sand, gravel or ballast of small sizes

should be provided, outside the pit lining, to separate the soil and the pit lining as well as to
increase the infiltrative surface area.
3.1.9.9 Pits Where Space is a Constraint
Where space is a constraint the pit layout can be staggered as detailed in the section on “location
and orientation of pits”3.1.9.10 Size of Leach Pits
The sizes of pits have been worked out for 5, 10 and 15 users assuming
a) 2 year desludging interval
b) volume needed for dry pits 0.04m3/per cap/yr and for wet pits 0.078 m3/per cap/yr
c) hydraulic loading 9.5 l/per cap/day plus 5 litres for washing latrine floor and
d) long term infiltration rate of soil 10, 20, 30 and 50 l/m2/day as per type.
The sizes worked out are given below for dry and wet pits.
Dry Pits: Size in mm
Soil Type Infiltration
rate
(l/m2/day)
5 users 10 users 15 users
Pit
dia
Pit
depth
Width
of back
filling
Pit
dia
Pit
depth
Width
of back
filling
Pit
dia
Pit
depth
Width
of back
filling
Clay: compact
silty loams
10 900 650 750 1000 1050 900 1200 1100 1450
Porous clay
loams
20 900 650 100 1000 1050 150 1200 1100 350
Sandy loams 30 900 650 - 1000 1050 - 1200 1100 -
sand 50 900 650 - 1000 1050 - 1200 1100 -
Wet Pits: Size in mm
Soil Type Infiltration
rate
(l/m2/day)
5 users 10 users 15 users
Pit
dia
Pit
depth
Width
of back
filling
Pit
dia
Pit
depth
Width of
back
filling
Pit
dia
Pit
depth
Width of
back
filling
Clay: compact
silty loams
10 900 1250 100 1200 1400 450 1400 1550 700
Porous clay
loams
20 900 1250 - 1200 1400 - 1400 1550 -
Sandy loams 30 900 1250 - 1200 1400 - 1400 1550 -
sand 50 900 1250 - 1200 1400 - 1400 1550 -
Note:
1. In soils with low infiltrative capacity, the pit size has been kept the same as in high
infiltrative capacity soils, but the infiltration area has been increased by providing
back filling all around the pits.
2. Depths of pit given above are the depth of pit below the invert of pipes or drains; the
total depth of pits would be 300 mm more to allow free space.

3.1.9.11 Shape of Pits
Wherever possible circular pits should be constructed because of their structural strength
and relative larger surface area.
3.1.9.12 Location and Orientation of Pits
The pits, as far as possible, should be located within the premises of the house. However, if
this is not possible, they
can be located under the
street or foot path. In such
cases, the pit cover should
be designed to withstand
the expected load which it
will be subjected to.
Ideally, the pits should be
placed symmetrically at the
back of the squatting pan.
If site conditions do not
permit this lay out, the pits
can be located at any angle
as long as drains/pipes are
straight, are properly
sloped with a minimum
gradient of 1:15 and have
no sharp bends.
3.1.9.13 Spacing between Two Pits
The space between the two pits should be at least the effective depth of the pit. If the spacing
has to be reduced, an impervious barrier such as a cut-off screen or puddle clay wall should
be provided between them.
3.1.9.14 Precautions
Wherever found necessary, the design should make provision for safeguards to prevent
pollution of drinking water sources. In high water table situations pits should ideally not be
constructed within 10mt of any water source.
3.2 Pollution Safeguards
Proper information should be obtained and investigation of both geological and
hydrogeological conditions of sites where pits are to be located should be made, and the
location of drinking water sources, sizes, are all pre-requisites to proper planning, designing
and construction of on-site low cost sanitation systems to ensure that pollution risk to
ground water and water distribution mains is minimal. Faulty construction and wrong data
or information regarding hydrogeological conditions may lead to pollution of drinking
water sources and health risk to the community.

To ensure that the risk of polluting ground water and drinking water sources is minimal, the
following safeguards should be taken while locating the pits:
a) Drinking water should be obtained from another source or from the same aquifer but at
a point beyond the reach of any faecal pollution from the leach pits. This may involve
physical closure of a source or sources.
b) If the soil is fine (effective size 0.2 mm or less), the pits can be located at a minimum
distance of 3 m from the drinking water sources, provided the maximum ground water
level throughout the year is 2 m or more below the pit bottom (low water table). If the
water table is higher, i.e. less than 2 m below the pit bottom, the safe distance should be
increased to 10m.
c) 1f the soil is coarse (effective size more than 0.2 mm), the same safe distances as specified
above can be maintained by providing a 500 mm thick sand envelope, of fine sand of 0.2
mm effective size, all around the pit, and sealing the bottom of the pit with an
impervious material such as puddle clay, a plastic sheet, lean cement concrete, or cement
stabilized soil (for sand envelope)
d) 1f the pits are located under a footpath or a road, or if a water supply main is within a
distance of 3 m from the pits, the invert level of the pipes or drains connecting the leach
pits should be kept below the level of the water main, or 1 m below the ground level. If
this is not possible due to site considerations, the joints of the water main should be
encased in concrete.
3.3 Septic Tank
Septic tanks provide an excreta treatment system in locations where a sewerage system is
not available or possible. For rural areas, septic tanks are of limited use, more especially they
apply for locations with a high water table. However, institutions like schools, dispensaries
or families who can afford the cost and manage the quantity of water required, a septic tank
system for excreta disposal could be an option.
The system consists of a water-tight settling tank with one or two chambers/ compartments,
to which waste is carried by water flushing down a pipe connected to the toilet which
usually has a water seal trap.
However, this system does not dispose of wastes; it only helps to separate the solid matter
from the liquid. Some of the waste floats on the surface as scum, while other waste sinks to
the bottom where it is broken down by bacteria to form sludge. The liquid effluent flowing
out of the tank is, from a health point of view, as dangerous as raw sewage and remains to
be disposed of, normally by soaking into the ground through a soak-pit or with a connection
to small bore sewers. The outlet from a septic tank should not be permitted to discharge into
surface drains.

3.3.1 Construction Methodology
Septic Tanks offer a preliminary treatment of sewage that has to be removed for final
disposal. The tank is an underground structure made of bricks, cement or concrete. It has 3
or more chambers separated by baffle walls. In different chambers waste is settled and
degraded anaerobically and the final effluent is discharged through the outlet of the Septic
Tank. Sewage is held in these tanks for some prescribed period during which time the
suspended solids settle down. The settled sludge and the supernatant liquor undergo
anaerobic digestion. The digestion results in appreciable reduction in the volume of sludge
and reduction in organic matter in the liquid. Total retention time is maintained for 24-48
hours inflow only. A septic tank can operate for between 5 and 15 years between emptyings.
3.3.2 Size
A septic tank usually has minimum width of 750mm, minimum depth of one meter below
water level and a minimum liquid capacity of 1000 litres. For rectangular septic tanks, the
length of the tank is 2 to 4 times of the width (see drawing). For circular tanks the minimum
diameter should not be less than 1.35 m and operating depth should not be less than 1m.
3.3.3 Inlet
The design of septic tank inlets is such as to introduce the crude sewage with the least
possible disturbance of the settled sludge or the surface scum. For tanks not more than 1200

mm wide, a T shaped dip-pipe not less than the nominal bore of the incoming drain may be
provided. The pipe is fixed inside the tank, with top limb rising above the scum level and
the bottom limb extending about 300mm below the top water level. For tanks in excess of
1200 mm in width, two or more submerged inlets are preferable.
3.3.4 Outlet
The final outlet for tanks which are less than 1200mm wide should be by 100 mm nominal
bore dip-pipe fixed inside the tank with a top limb rising above scum level and the bottom
limb extending 1/3 of the liquid depth below top water level. The invert of the outlet pipe
shall be 50mm below the invert of the inlet pipe. Final effluent is discharged through the
outlet pipe to a soakpit.
3.3.5 Advantages
Septic tank systems provide a sanitary method of treatment of human waste. There is no
foul smell with the system, no chance of breeding of mosquitoes occur with a suitable design
of septic tank.
3.3.6 Disadvantages
 It costs more than improved latrine systems.
 It requires more water to flush.
 Cleaning of chambers is a cumbersome process. In rural areas mechanical devices to
clean septic tank chambers are normally not available. Under such condition only
manual cleaning is the option. Cleaning manually is unhygienic and unhealthy. Even
if it is cleaned mechanically, it‟s quite difficult to dispose of safely, as it has bad
odour and contains many pathogens.
 Much water is required to flush human wastes. Therefore, in water scarcity areas this
system is difficult to implement.
3.3.7 Difference between Leach pit and Septic tank
Leach Pit
• Low cost less space
• Needs little water
• Sludge handling is easy- it is a useful dry
manure
• No recurring cost
• Pit emptying easy and without smell
• No mosquitoes
Septic Tank
• High in capital and running cost
• More space needed
• Needs more water for flushing
• Sludge handling is difficult
• Recurrent costs for emptying
• Safe disposal of effluents not easy – can
be a cause of pollution
3.4 Latrine Superstructure
The superstructure should be designed to ensure privacy, convenience, comfort and easy
maintenance. It should be well ventilated. It can be any of the following types in the case of a
brick or concrete superstructure being unaffordable:
i. Brick (Kiln Burnt and Fly-ash) masonry walls and GCI sheet roofing/ RCC Flat slab.

ii. Cement Concrete blocks (CCB)/ Fly-ash concrete blocks and GCI sheet roofing/
RCC Flat slab.
iii. Compressed Stabilized Earthen Blocks (CSEB) and GCI sheet roofing / RCC Flat
slab.
It is advisable to provide a superstructure along with the latrine substructure to ensure its
immediate use.
3.5 Ecological Sanitation
Ecological sanitation (Ecosan) is a concept that treats various types of waste generated by
humans as a resource which can be safely collected, treated and reused whilst preventing
pollution of water bodies and the environment. Currently, various types of Ecosan practices
such as Ecosan toilets, compost toilets, bio-gas plants, reed-beds for treatment of waste
water, etc., are being taken up to treat human waste in an ecologically sound manner.
Ecological sanitation (e.g. The Double Vault Compost Latrine) is based on recycling
principles. In this approach, the excreta and urine are separated for disposal. The eco-san
double-vault compost latrine consists of two water-tight chambers (vaults) to collect faeces.
Urine is collected separately as the contents of the vault have to be kept relatively dry.
Initially, a layer of absorbent organic material is put in the vault and after each use, the
faeces are covered with ash (or saw-dust, shredded leaves or vegetable matter) to deodorise
the faeces, soak-up excessive moisture and improve carbon/nitrogen ratio, which ensures
that sufficient nitrogen is retained to make a good fertilizer. When the first vault is three
quarters full, it is completely filled with dry powdered earth and sealed so that the
components can decompose anaerobically. The second vault is used until it is also three
quarters full and the first vault is emptied by hand, the contents are used as a fertilizer. The
vaults have to be large enough to keep faeces for at least a year in order to become pathogen
free. The superstructure is built over both the vaults with a squat-hole over each vault which
can be sealed-off. The latrine can be built everywhere as there is no pollution coming from
the water-tight chambers into the surroundings.
3.5.1 Eco-san Toilets
In the context of rural sanitation promotion in India, Ecosan toilets can play an important
role especially in coastal, mountainous and water scarce regions where promotion of
conventional toilets is unsuitable.
However, as the Ecosan concept demands greater involvement of the users in the day to day
management of its components, sensitization of the users is very essential to change
traditional taboos attached to handling of waste. Also, the high cost of construction of
Ecosan toilets can be brought down significantly through innovative designs as awareness
on the concept increases among the practitioners and users.

3.5.2 How does an Ecosan Toilet work?
In Ecosan Toilets, human excreta, urine and anal wash water are separated through specially
designed toilet seats (various types are available now) unlike the conventional water closets
where all these are collected together. Excreta is collected in the chamber constructed below
the toilet seat, urine is collected in a drum/pot kept outside the toilet and wash water is
diverted to a plant bed raised near the toilet or a soakpit.
3.5.3 Functional Aspects of an Ecosan Toilet
Excreta collected in the chamber (in most cases two separate chambers are constructed for
alternate use) constructed below the toilet seats are allowed to decompose for a period of 6-9
months after a chamber gets filled up. After every use, ash and mud is placed by the user
into the chamber to prevent contact of flies/insects with excreta and also to facilitate the
decomposition process. A net covered vent pipe is also attached to the chambers to release
foul smells and also to facilitate faster decomposition. The compost harvested from the
chamber is used as valuable manure in agricultural fields.
3.5.4 Liquid discharge from an Ecosan Toilet
Urine collected in a sealable container (say a 20 litre jerrycan) kept outside the toilet can be
applied to crops as fertilizer after storing it for 30 days to inactivate the disease causing
organisms possibly present in the urine. The urine should be diluted 1:5 with water and
applied to the soil, not to the plant leaves. Urine produced by one person in a year is
sufficient to fertilise 3-400 m2 of crops.
The wash water is diverted to a plant bed, preferably planted with canna plants for effective
absorption, near the toilet block or to a soakpit.
3.5.5 Suitability of an Ecosan toilet
 It is most ideal for areas where water is scarce, or areas where water table is high
such as flood plains or coastal areas and densely populated areas where risks of
ground water pollution from pits to drinking water sources is assessed as being too
high.
 Flood Prone areas
 Mountainous areas
3.5.6 Merits of an Ecosan toilet
 Treats human excreta and urine as a useful resource rather than waste.
 Environmentally friendly and prevents pollution caused by some conventional
sanitation systems.
 No water is needed for flushing (an individual can save 6-8 liters per day)
 No additional treatment process/infrastructure is needed to treat the waste collected.
 Reduces expenditure on chemical fertilizer as compost of excreta and urine is rich in
NPK (i.e. Fertilizer needed to grow food for one person can be met by reusing his
excreta and urine collected in an Ecosan toilet).
 Prevents pollution caused by chemical fertilizers for agriculture.
 Enriched compost and urine increases the yield of crops when used as fertilizer.

3.5.7 Demerits of an Ecosan toilet
 Proper operation needs full understanding of the concept, lack of which may make
the system de-functional. There is a risk of faeces being deposited at the wrong place.
 Where users are eager to use the contents as fertilizer, they may not allow sufficient
time for the contents to become pathogen free.
 This system is only to be used where people are motivated to use human excreta as a
fertilizer.
 Inadequate number of trained masons could impact on the quality of construction.
3.5.8 Working Life
 10-20 years, depending upon materials used, pit maintenance and numbers of users.
New Swedish designs, such as Compostera toilets use worms in the vault to aid
decomposition and can have a life up to 50 years.
3.5.9 User's responsibility
 To ensure that the system is well-designed and constructed to a high quality.
3.5.10 Precautions to be adopted by users
 Earth/ash must be used to cover excreta after every use and a cover placed over the
seat when the toilet is not in use.
 Construct the excreta collection tank properly to prevent leakage of the contents.
 Allow sufficient time for composted matter to decompose in an Ecosan Toilet
3.5.11 Precautions with urine and compost use
 Ensure proper collection, storage and use of urine at regular intervals.
 Manage the wash water diverted to the plant bed regularly.
 Practice proper safety measures while handling urine, wash water and compost.
 Properly wash the vegetables and fruits grown using compost and urine to prevent
any potential health risks.
4.0 Technological Options
The most commonly adopted model of household level sanitation in Odisha is the pour
flush latrine with single offset pit, followed by the pour flush latrine with twin pits. The
combined enclosure for toilet and bathroom has also been used, where families are in a
position to spend additional money–this is mostly possible where additional financial
support is facilitated by institutional means through an NGO with a mandate of adequate
sanitation. The most common external sizes of individual toilets is 3‟ x 4‟ and combined
toilets are 6‟ x 4‟.
The most commonly used material for construction of toilets is brick in cement mortar and a
75mm thick Reinforced Concrete slabs. Laterite blocks are also used in wall construction,
wherever they are locally available. Rural sanitary pans with a deep slope of minimum 40
degrees are recommended, but the majority of pans available in the market are high water
use ceramic urban pans. These should not be used in rural pour flush latrines as they will
block too easily. Bamboo is a widely available resource in the state; however, it is not

generally used for constructing the superstructure which could yield savings and hence
allow improving the internal finish of toilets. As per the specifications circulated by the
Chief Engineer, RWSS where bamboo is not shown as part of the superstructure, hence it is
not approved. GoI has included in the latest guidelines of NBA that communities shall
decide on the superstructure design that is most suitable for them.
Toilets are generally constructed outside the house and the preference is to construct them at
a minimum 15‟ to 20‟ from the house or near the boundary of the plot. Only in few cases
toilets have been constructed inside the household. Community toilets with a septic tank
with soak pit treatment system can be a viable alternative for the settlements but for
individual households twin pit toilets with leach pits are most suitable and easier for the
beneficiaries to construct and maintain.
Summary of the Viable Options available to the DWSMs
Sub-structures Super-structures
A. Brick Masonry 1. Brick (Kiln Burnt and Fly-ash) masonry walls and GCI
sheet / RCC Flat slab
B. Random Rubble Stone
Masonry
2. Cement Concrete blocks (CCB)/ Fly-ash concrete
blocks and GCI sheet / RCC Flat slab
C. Cement Concrete blocks
(CCB)
3. Compressed Stabilized Earthen Blocks (CSEB) and GCI
sheet roofing / RCC Flat slab
D. Fly-ash Concrete Blocks
(FCB)
E. Compressed Stabilized
Earthen Blocks (CSEB)
Leach Pits Squatting Pan, P-trap, Y connection details and Door
i. Honey-comb brick 1st. Rural Ceramic Pan
ii. RR dry stone packing 2nd. Tin Door/ Waterproof plywood board/ Fiber door
iii. Well rings 3rd. PVC made Y connection/ masonry made Y
connection
According to the above technologies available in our state, there are many options that can
be derived but practically the following options are appropriate and used by the
beneficiaries widely as listed below;
Option -1 RR stone masonry foundation, 225mm (9”) brick column at corners, 115mm
(5”) brick wall in between the columns, GCI sheet roofing, RR dry stone
packing to leach pit.
Option -2 RR stone masonry foundation, 115mm brick (5”) wall in superstructure, GCI
sheet roofing, well ring with RCC cover to leach pit.
Option -3 Kiln Burnt brick masonry foundation, 225mm (9”) brick column at corners,
115mm brick (5”) wall in between the columns, GCI sheet roofing, Honey-
comb brick walling to leach pit.
Option -4 Kiln Burnt brick masonry foundation, 115mm brick (5”) wall in
superstructure, GCI sheet roofing/ Precast RCC slab, Honey-comb brick
walling with RCC cover to leach pit.
Option -5 Cement Concrete block masonry foundation, 115mm (5”) CC block wall in
between the columns, GCI sheet roofing, Well ring with RCC cover to leach

pit.
Option -6
(Jharsuguda)
Fly-ash brick masonry foundation, 115mm brick (5”) wall in superstructure,
GCI sheet roofing, Honey-comb fly-ash brick walling to leach pit.
Option -7
(Kandhamal
&
Kalahandi)
RR stone masonry in foundation. Compressed Stabilized Earthen Blocks
(CSEB) 115mm () wall in superstructure, GCI sheet roofing, Well ring RCC
cover to leach pit.
Option -8
(Sambalpur)
In-situ casting at three levels, up to Plinth level up to half height and final
roof level casting with iron rods @ 1 ft. spacing, Pre-cast RCC slab roof and
honey-comb to leach pit.
4.1 Technology Option – 1
RR stone masonry foundation, 225mm (10”) brick column at corners, 115mm brick (5”)
wall in between the columns, GCI sheet roofing, RR dry stone packing leach pit: [Western
Odisha Region, low water table, locally available construction materials, people-friendly
technologies]
4.1.1 Salient Features
Stages of work in IHHL Technologies used
Foundation Random Rubble stone masonry (RR stone)
Walling 225mm (10”) brick column with 115mm brick (5”) wall in
between the brick columns
Roofing GCI sheets
Leach Pit with cover RR stone dry packing with RCC cover
Junction Chamber (Y
connection)
PVC made Y connection with single pit connection, provision
for second pit in future expansion
4.1.2 Drawing and Design

3"
1'-2"
9"
1'-2"
3"9"
2" thk. DPC(1:2:4)
10" thk. bk. column
5"
1'-0"
3"2'-5"
SECTION at 1-1'
(with sanitary details)
5'-6"
6'-0"
2"
3'-0"
2'
2'
Inspection Chamber
Soak Pit
Designed and Drawn by:
TMST, Odisha
Email:
Mob.:
1'-2"
LAYOUT PLAN
1
2
1'-2"
A BC
3'-5"
4'-5" 1
2
A B
Toilet
4'-10"
4'-0"
3'-10"
3'-0"
4'-0"
PLAN
(above Plinth Level)
1
1'
B B'
A A'
PLAN
(showing Inspection
Chamber & Soak pits)
Inspection Chamber
Future Expansion
GL
FRONT ELEVATION
PL
GL 1'-0"9"
CGI Sheet
5" thk. bk. wall
Tie Beam using
Eucalyptus/ bamboo
Door
Earth Filling
SECTION at 1-1'
5'-6"
6'-0"
Honeycomb Bk. Wall
1'-0"
3'-0"
PL
GL
AS Flooring (punning over
12mm thk. plaster
3" thk. PCC (1:4:8)
2" thk. DPC(1:2:4)
1
2
A B
Toilet
5'-2"
3'-11"
4'-2"
3'-0"
4'-0"
PLAN
(below DPC)
1
1'
B B'
A A'
Toilet
2'-0"
2'-0"
3'-0"
R1'-6"
TWIN PIT POUR FLUSH TOILET AS PART OF IHHL
2'-0"
2'-0"
2'-3"
2'-3"
1'-0"6'-0"
6"
1'-0"1'-6"1'-0"

4.1.3 Detailed Estimation
Sl.
No.
Particulars of Items Nos. Length Breadth Depth Quantity Unit
Centre line length front 0.9+.23 1.13
Centre line length side 1.2+.23 1.43
Total length 5.12
1. a Earthwork in Excavation
Foundation work for toilet 1 5.12 0.45 0.45 1.04
Water Tank base 1 0.60 0.60 0.15 0.05
Total 1.09 Cum
b. Earthwork in Excavation
Single Pit 1 0.79 1.00 1.05 0.82
Inspection Chamber 1 0.60 0.60 0.15 0.05
Total 0.88 Cum
2 Sand Filling in foundation
Water Tank base 1 0.60 0.60 0.10 0.04
Total 0.38 Cum
3 RR stone masonry in 1:8 cement mortar upto
Plinth Level in foundation
Foundation work upto plinth level 1 5.12 0.36 0.20 0.37
Entrance step 1 0.90 0.23 0.15 0.03
Total 0.40 Cum
4 Brick work in (1:6) above Plinth Beam to
roof level in superstructure
Pillars at the corners (front) 2 0.23 0.23 1.80 0.19
Pillars at the corners (back) 2 0.23 0.23 1.65 0.17
Mid span Front 1 0.90 0.13 1.80 0.21
Mid span Back 1 0.90 0.13 1.65 0.19
Mid span Side 2 1.20 0.13 1.74 0.53
Deductions
Door (D) -1 0.60 0.13 1.80 (0.14)
Ventilators -1 0.45 0.13 0.30 (0.02)
Total 1.13 Cum
5 Plastering works (12 mm thk. 1:6
cement mortar)
Outside Plastering
From Ground level to Plinth level 1 6.29 0.30 1.89
Above Plinth level to roof level 1 5.28 1.73 9.11
Inside Plastering
Inside the Toilet 1 4.20 1.73 7.25
For Step 1 0.90 0.23 0.21
Sides 2 0.23 0.15 0.07
Total deductions
Door (D) -1 0.60 1.80 (1.08)
Ventilators -1 0.45 0.30 (0.14)
Total 17.30 Sqm
6 Flooring - 2.5 cm AS flooring with cement concrete (1:2:4) including
punning using 12mm size crusher broken hard granite chips
a. Sand filling
Toilet 1 0.90 1.20 0.15 0.16
Total 0.16 Cum
b. P.C.C (1:4:8)
Toilet 1 0.90 1.20 0.08 0.08

Sl.
No.
Total 0.08 Cum
c. Plastering (1:6) 12mm thick
Toilet 1 0.90 1.20 1.08
Total 1.08 Sqm
d. Punning with red oxide
Toilet 1 0.90 1.20 1.08
Total 1.08 Sqm
7 Colouring (same as Plastering area) 1 17.30 17.30 Sqm
8 Supplying and fixing of 20" size
rural pan with P-trap and foot rest
1 LS 1.00 Set
9 Piping arrangement upto leach pit
and Junction Chamber
1 LS 1.00 Set
10 Providing local door (tin with
wooden frame)
1 LS 1.00 set
11 Roof GCI sheet 1 LS 1.00 set
12 RR stone dry masonry in Leach Pit 1 1.13 0.90 1.02 Cum
13 Provision of Vat (water container) 1 LS 1.00 set
14 Site cleaning and levelling plus
other unforeseen items
LS
4.1.4 Bill of Quantities
Sl.
No.
Particulars of Items Quantity Unit Market Rate
Rate (Rs.) Amount (Rs.) Total (Rs.)
Building Material Costs
1 Brick 481.90 Nos. 5.00 2,409.51 9,124.28
2 Random Rubble Stone 1.41 Cumt. 400.00 565.56
3 Sand 1.31 Cumt. 600.00 786.58
4 Cement 3.63 Bags 350.00 1,270.20
5 Chips - 12 mm 0.08 Cumt. 880.00 69.52
6 Red oxide 0.09 Kgs 80.00 6.89
7 Toilet door 2ft x 5ft (V board
with all fittings)
1.00 Nos. 850.00 850.00
8 Ventilator (1.5' x 1') 1.00 Nos. 80.00 80.00
9 Toilet accessories (Pan, P-trap,
and foot rest)
1.00 Sets 280.00 280.00
10 Piping arrangement upto Leach
pit with Junction Chamber
Lump
Sum
880.00 880.00
11 Pit Cover 1.00 Nos. 350.00 350.00
12 GCI Sheet (4' x 6', 35mm thick) 1.00 Nos. 750.00 750.00
13 Provision of Vat (water
container with water tap and
connecting pipe)
1.00 Nos. 650.00 650.00
14 Site Cleaning and levelling +
other unforeseen items, like
colouring
176.00
Labour Costs
15 Skilled (Spl.) mason 1.06 Nos. 250.00 266.18 2,876.31
16 Skilled mason 4.90 Nos. 250.00 1,223.82
17 Un-skilled labour 9.24 Nos. 150.00 1,386.30
Total 12,000.59

4.1.5 Photographic and 3D views:

SECTION at 1-1'
5'-6"
6'-0"
2"
3'-0"
2'
2'
Inspection Chamber
Soak Pit
TMST, Odisha
Email:
Mob.: +91 9437269965
1'-2"
LAYOUT PLAN
1
2
1'-2"
A BC
3'-5"
4'-5"
1
2
A B
Toilet
4'-10"
4'-0"
3'-10"
3'-0"
4'-0"
PLAN
1
1'
B B'
A A'
PLAN
(showing Inspection
Inspection Chamber
Future Expansion
GL
FRONT ELEVATION
PL
GL
1'-0"9"
CGI Sheet
5" thk. bk. wall
Tie Beam using
Eucalyptus/ bamboo
Door
Earth Filling
SECTION at 1-1'
5'-6"
6'-0"
Honeycomb Bk. Wall
1'-0"
3'-0"
PL
GL
12mm thk. plaster
3" thk. PCC (1:4:8)
2" thk. DPC(1:2:4)
1
2
A B
Toilet
5'-2"
3'-11"
4'-2"
3'-0"
4'-0"
PLAN
(below DPC)
1
1'
B B'
A A'
Toilet
2'-0"
2'-0"
3'-0"
R1'-6"
2'-0"
2'-0"
2'-3"
2'-3"
1'-0"6'-0"
6"
1'-0"1'-6"1'-0"
3"
1'-2"
9"
1'-2"
3"
9"
2" thk. DPC(1:2:4)
10" thk. bk. column
5"
1'-0"
3"2'-5"
RR stone masonry foundation, 115mm (5”) brick wall in superstructure, GCI sheet
roofing, well ring with RCC cover leach pit: [Western/ Southern Odisha Region, low water
table, locally available construction materials, people adopted technologies]
Foundation Random Rubble stone masonry
Walling 5” wall brick masonry in superstructure
Roofing GCI sheets
Leach Pit with cover Well ring of 3 ft dia and 2” thick RCC cover
Junction Chamber (Y
connection)

Sl.
No.
Total length 5.12
Water Tank base 1 0.60 0.60 0.15 0.05
Total 1.09 Cum
Single Pit 1 0.79 1.00 1.05 0.82
Total 0.88 Cum
Water Tank base 1 0.60 0.60 0.10 0.04
Total 0.38 Cum
3 RR stone masonry in 1:8 cement mortar upto
Plinth Level in foundation
Entrance step 1 0.90 0.23 0.15 0.03
Total 0.40 Cum
4 Brick work in (1:6) above Plinth Beam to roof
level in superstructure
Front wall 1 1.15 0.13 1.80 0.26
Back wall 1 1.15 0.13 1.65 0.24
Side walls 2 1.20 0.13 1.74 0.53
Deductions
Door (D) -1 0.60 0.13 1.80 (0.14)
Ventilators -1 0.45 0.13 0.30 (0.02)
Total 0.88 Cum
5 Plastering works (12 mm thk. 1:6 cement
mortar)
Outside Plastering
Inside Plastering
For Step 1 0.90 0.23 0.21
Sides 2 0.23 0.15 0.07
Total deductions
Door (D) -1 0.60 1.80 (1.08)
Ventilators -1 0.45 0.30 (0.14)
Total 17.30 Sqm
6 Flooring - 2.5 cm AS flooring with cement concrete (1:2:4) including punning
using 12mm size crusher broken hard granite chips
a. Sand filling
Toilet 1 0.90 1.20 0.15 0.16
Total 0.16 Cum

Sl.
No.
b. P.C.C (1:4:8)
Toilet 1 0.90 1.20 0.08 0.08
Total 0.08 Cum
Toilet 1 0.90 1.20 1.08
Total 1.08 Sqm
Toilet 1 0.90 1.20 1.08
Total 1.08 Sqm
8 Supplying and fixing of 20" size rural pan with
P-trap and foot rest
1 LS 1.00 Set
9 Piping arrangement upto leach pit with
Junction Chamber
1 LS 1.00 Set
10 Providing local door (tin with wooden frame) 1 LS 1.00 set
12 Well ring 3 nos with percolation holes 3 nos Cum
14 Site cleaning and levelling plus other
unforeseen items
LS
4.2.4 Bill of Quantities (BoQs):
Sl.
No.
Rate (Rs.) Amount (Rs.) Total (Rs.)
1 Brick 373.25 Nos. 5.00 1,866.26 9,060.75
2 Random Rubble Stone 0.40 Cumt. 400.00 158.49
3 Sand 1.24 Cumt. 600.00 743.63
4 Cement 3.29 Bags 350.00 1,149.95
5 Chips - 12 mm 0.08 Cumt. 880.00 69.52
6 Red oxide 0.09 Kgs 80.00 6.89
7 Toilet door 2ft x 5ft (V board with
all fittings)
1.00 Nos. 850.00 850.00
8 Ventilator (1.5' x 1') 1.00 Nos. 80.00 80.00
and foot rest)
1.00 Sets 280.00 280.00
with Junction Chamber
Lump Sum 880.00 880.00
11 Pit Cover 1.00 Nos. 350.00 350.00
12 Well rings (3' dia) for Leach pit 3.00 Nos. 350.00 1,050.00
14 Provision of Vat (water container with
water tap and connecting pipe)
1.00 Nos. 650.00 650.00
176.00
Labour Costs
Total 11,336.67

4.2.5 Photographic and 3D views

SECTION at 1-1'
5'-6"
6'-0"
2"
3'-0"
2'
2'
Inspection Chamber
Soak Pit
TMST, Odisha
Email:
Mob.: +91 9437269965
1'-2"
LAYOUT PLAN
1
2
1'-2"
A BC
3'-5"
4'-5"
1
2
A B
Toilet
4'-10"
4'-0"
3'-10"
3'-0"
4'-0"
PLAN
1
1'
B B'
A A'
PLAN
(showing Inspection
Inspection Chamber
Future Expansion
GL
FRONT ELEVATION
PL
GL
1'-0"9"
CGI Sheet
5" thk. bk. wall
Tie Beam using
Eucalyptus/ bamboo
Door
Earth Filling
SECTION at 1-1'
5'-6"
6'-0"
Honeycomb Bk. Wall
1'-0"
3'-0"
PL
GL
12mm thk. plaster
3" thk. PCC (1:4:8)
2" thk. DPC(1:2:4)
1
2
A B
Toilet
5'-2"
3'-11"
4'-2"
3'-0"
4'-0"
PLAN
(below DPC)
1
1'
B B'
A A'
Toilet
2'-0"
2'-0"
3'-0"
R1'-6"
2'-0"
2'-0"
2'-3"
2'-3"
1'-0"6'-0"
6"
1'-0"1'-6"1'-0"
3"
1'-2"
9"
1'-2"
3"
9"
2" thk. DPC(1:2:4)
10" thk. bk. column
5"
1'-0"
3"2'-5"
Kiln Burnt brick masonry foundation, 10” brick column at corners, 5” wall in between the
columns, GCI sheet roofing, Honey-comb brick walling leach pit. [Western/ Southern
Odisha Region, low water table, locally available construction materials, people adopted
technologies]
Foundation K. B. brick masonry
Walling 10” brick walling in corners and 5” wall in superstructure
Roofing GCI sheets
Leach Pit with cover Honey-comb brick walling and 2” thick RCC cover
Junction Chamber (Y
connection)

Brick foundation, 10" column and 5" wall in s/s, GCI sheet, Brick Honey-comb leach pit
Sl.
No.
Total length 5.12
Water Tank base 1 0.60 0.60 0.15 0.05
Total 1.09 Cum
Single Pit 1 0.79 1.00 1.05 0.82
Total 0.88 Cum
Water Tank base 1 0.60 0.60 0.10 0.04
Total 0.38 Cum
3 Brick masonry in 1:6 cement mortar
upto Plinth Level in foundation
Entrance step 1 0.90 0.23 0.15 0.03
Total 0.40 Cum
4 Brick work in (1:6) above Plinth
Beam to roof level in superstructure
Pillars at the corners (front) 2 0.23 0.23 1.80 0.19
Pillars at the corners (back) 2 0.23 0.23 1.65 0.17
Mid span Front 1 0.90 0.13 1.80 0.21
Mid span Back 1 0.90 0.13 1.65 0.19
Mid span Side 2 1.20 0.13 1.74 0.53
Deductions
Door (D) -1 0.60 0.13 1.80 (0.14)
Ventilators -1 0.45 0.13 0.30 (0.02)
Total 1.13 Cum
cement mortar)
Outside Plastering
Inside Plastering
For Step 1 0.90 0.23 0.21
Sides 2 0.23 0.15 0.07
Total deductions
Door (D) -1 0.60 1.80 (1.08)
Ventilators -1 0.45 0.30 (0.14)
Total 17.30 Sqm
a. Sand filling
Toilet 1 0.90 1.20 0.15 0.16
Total 0.16 Cum

Sl.
No.
b. P.C.C (1:4:8)
Toilet 1 0.90 1.20 0.08 0.08
Total 0.08 Cum
Toilet 1 0.90 1.20 1.08
Total 1.08 Sqm
Toilet 1 0.90 1.20 1.08
Total 1.08 Sqm
1 LS 1.00 Set
1 LS 1.00 Set
wooden frame)
1 LS 1.00 set
12 Honey-comb 5" brick masonry in
Leach Pit
1 2.83 0.90 2.54 Sqm
14 Site cleaning and levelling plus other
unforeseen items
LS
Sl.
No.
Rate(Rs.) Amount(Rs.) Total (Rs.)
1 Brick 805.49 Nos. 4.50 3,624.72 9,950.53
2 Sand 1.49 Cumt. 600.00 894.44
4 Cement 3.83 Bags 350.00 1,338.95
5 Chips - 12 mm 0.08 Cumt. 880.00 69.52
6 Red oxide 0.09 Kgs 80.00 6.89
with all fittings)
1.00 Nos. 850.00 850.00
8 Ventilator (1.5' x 1') 1.00 Nos. 80.00 80.00
and foot rest)
1.00 Sets 280.00 280.00
10 Piping arrangement upto
leach pit with Junction
Chamber
Lump
Sum
880.00 880.00
11 Pit Cover 1.00 Nos. 350.00 350.00
connecting pipe)
1.00 Nos. 650.00 650.00
176.00
Labour Costs
Total 12,951.64

SECTION at 1-1'
5'-6"
6'-0"
2"
3'-0"
2'
2'
Inspection Chamber
Soak Pit
TMST, Odisha
Email:
Mob.: +91 9437269965
1'-2"
LAYOUT PLAN
1
2
1'-2"
A BC
3'-5"
4'-5"
1
2
A B
Toilet
4'-10"
4'-0"
3'-10"
3'-0"
4'-0"
PLAN
1
1'
B B'
A A'
PLAN
(showing Inspection
Inspection Chamber
Future Expansion
GL
FRONT ELEVATION
PL
GL
1'-0"9"
CGI Sheet
5" thk. bk. wall
Tie Beam using
Eucalyptus/ bamboo
Door
Earth Filling
SECTION at 1-1'
5'-6"
6'-0"
Honeycomb Bk. Wall
1'-0"
3'-0"
PL
GL
12mm thk. plaster
3" thk. PCC (1:4:8)
2" thk. DPC(1:2:4)
1
2
A B
Toilet
5'-2"
3'-11"
4'-2"
3'-0"
4'-0"
PLAN
(below DPC)
1
1'
B B'
A A'
Toilet
2'-0"
2'-0"
3'-0"
R1'-6"
2'-0"
2'-0"
2'-3"
2'-3"
1'-0"6'-0"
6"
1'-0"1'-6"1'-0"
3"
1'-2"
9"
1'-2"
3"
9"
2" thk. DPC(1:2:4)
10" thk. bk. column
5"
1'-0"
3"2'-5"
Kiln Burnt brick masonry foundation, 115mm (5”) wall in superstructure, GCI sheet
roofing/ Precast RCC slab, Honey-comb brick walling with RCC cover leach pit. [
Foundation K. B. brick masonry
Walling 115mm (5”) brick walling in superstructure
Roofing GCI sheets
Leach Pit with cover Honey-comb brick walling and 2” thick RCC cover
Junction Chamber (Y
connection)

4.4.3 Detailed Estimate
Sl.
No.
Total length 5.12
Water Tank base 1 0.60 0.60 0.15 0.05
Total 1.09 Cum
Single Pit 1 0.79 1.00 1.05 0.82
Total 0.88 Cum
Water Tank base 1 0.60 0.60 0.10 0.04
Total 0.38 Cum
3 Brick masonry in 1:6 cement
mortar upto Plinth Level in
foundation
Entrance step 1 0.90 0.23 0.15 0.03
Total 0.40 Cum
4 Brick work in (1:6) above Plinth
Beam to roof level in
superstructure
Front wall 1 1.15 0.13 1.80 0.26
Back wall 1 1.15 0.13 1.65 0.24
Side walls 2 1.20 0.13 1.74 0.53
Deductions
Door (D) -1 0.60 0.13 1.80 (0.14)
Ventilators -1 0.45 0.13 0.30 (0.02)
Total 0.88 Cum
cement mortar)
Outside Plastering
Inside Plastering
For Step 1 0.90 0.23 0.21
Sides 2 0.23 0.15 0.07
Total deductions
Door (D) -1 0.60 1.80 (1.08)
Ventilators -1 0.45 0.30 (0.14)
Total 17.30 Sqm

Sl.
No.
a. Sand filling
Toilet 1 0.90 1.20 0.15 0.16
Total 0.16 Cum
b. P.C.C (1:4:8)
Toilet 1 0.90 1.20 0.08 0.08
Total 0.08 Cum
Toilet 1 0.90 1.20 1.08
Total 1.08 Sqm
d. Punning with redoxide
Toilet 1 0.90 1.20 1.08
Total 1.08 Sqm
1 LS 1.00 Set
1 LS 1.00 Set
wooden frame)
1 LS 1.00 set
12 Honey-comb 5" brick masonry in
Leach Pit
1 2.83 0.90 2.54 Sqm
LS
Sl.
No.
Rate(Rs.) Amount(Rs.) Total(Rs.)
1 Brick 696.84 Nos. 4.50 3,135.80 9,298.40
2 Sand 1.42 Cumt. 600.00 851.49
4 Cement 3.48 Bags 350.00 1,218.69
5 Chips - 12 mm 0.08 Cumt. 880.00 69.52
6 Red oxide 0.09 Kgs 80.00 6.89
with all fittings)
1.00 Nos. 850.00 850.00
8 Ventilator (1.5' x 1') 1.00 Nos. 80.00 80.00
and foot rest)
1.00 Sets 280.00 280.00
10 Piping arrangement to leach pit
Lump
Sum
880.00 880.00
11 Pit Cover 1.00 Nos. 350.00 350.00
connecting pipe)
1.00 Nos. 650.00 650.00
176.00
Labour Costs

Total 12,096.53

SECTION at 1-1'
5'-6"
6'-0"
2"
3'-0"
2'
2'
Inspection Chamber
Soak Pit
TMST, Odisha
Email:
Mob.: +91 9437269965
1'-2"
LAYOUT PLAN
1
2
1'-2"
A BC
3'-5"
4'-5"
1
2
A B
Toilet
4'-10"
4'-0"
3'-10"
3'-0"
4'-0"
PLAN
1
1'
B B'
A A'
PLAN
(showing Inspection
Inspection Chamber
Future Expansion
GL
FRONT ELEVATION
PL
GL
1'-0"9"
CGI Sheet
5" thk. bk. wall
Tie Beam using
Eucalyptus/ bamboo
Door
Earth Filling
SECTION at 1-1'
5'-6"
6'-0"
Honeycomb Bk. Wall
1'-0"
3'-0"
PL
GL
12mm thk. plaster
3" thk. PCC (1:4:8)
2" thk. DPC(1:2:4)
1
2
A B
Toilet
5'-2"
3'-11"
4'-2"
3'-0"
4'-0"
PLAN
(below DPC)
1
1'
B B'
A A'
Toilet
2'-0"
2'-0"
3'-0"
R1'-6"
2'-0"
2'-0"
2'-3"
2'-3"
1'-0"6'-0"
6"
1'-0"1'-6"1'-0"
3"
1'-2"
9"
1'-2"
3"
9"
2" thk. DPC(1:2:4)
10" thk. bk. column
5"
1'-0"
3"2'-5"
Cement Concrete block masonry foundation, 115mm (5”) CC block wall in between the
columns, GCI sheet roofing, Well ring with RCC cover leach pit. [Southern Odisha in the
Tribal pockets in Rayagada district]
Foundation CC block masonry
Walling 115mm (5”) CC block wall in superstructure
Roofing GCI sheets/ AC sheets
Leach Pit with cover Well ring 900mm (3ft) dia and 50mm (2”) thick RCC cover
Junction Chamber (Y
connection)
4.5.2 Design and Drawing

Sl.
No.
Particulars of Items Nos.
Length Breadth Depth Quantity Unit
Total length 5.12
Water Tank base 1 0.60 0.60 0.15 0.05
Total 1.09 Cum
Single Pit 1 0.79 1.00 1.05 0.82
Total 0.88 Cum
Water Tank base 1 0.60 0.60 0.10 0.04
Total 0.38 Cum
3 Cement concrete block masonry in
1:6 cement mortar upto Plinth
Level in foundation (18" x 6" x 5")
Entrance step 1 0.90 0.23 0.15 0.03
Total 0.40 Cum
4 Cement concrete block masonry
(1:6) above Plinth to roof level in
superstructure (18" x 6" x 5")
Front wall 1 1.15 0.13 1.80 0.26
Back wall 1 1.15 0.13 1.65 0.24
Side walls 2 1.20 0.13 1.74 0.53
Deductions
Door (D) -1 0.60 0.13 1.80 (0.14)
Ventilators -1 0.45 0.13 0.30 (0.02)
Total 0.88 Cum
cement mortar)
Outside Plastering
Inside Plastering
For Step 1 0.90 0.23 0.21
Sides 2 0.23 0.15 0.07
Total deductions
Door (D) -1 0.60 1.80 (1.08)
Ventilators -1 0.45 0.30 (0.14)
Total 17.30 Sqm
a. Sand filling
Toilet 1 0.90 1.20 0.15 0.16
Total 0.16 Cum

b. P.C.C (1:4:8)
Toilet 1 0.90 1.20 0.08 0.08
Total 0.08 Cum
Toilet 1 0.90 1.20 1.08
Total 1.08 Sqm
Toilet 1 0.90 1.20 1.08
Total 1.08 Sqm
1 LS 1.00 Set
9 Piping arrangement upto Soakpit
1 LS 1.00 Set
wooden frame)
1 LS 1.00 set
12 Well ring 3 nos with percolation
holes
3 nos
LS
Sl.
No.
Rate(Rs.) Amount (Rs.) Total (Rs.)
1 Cement Concrete Block
(18"x6"x5")
150.39 Nos. 16.00 2,406.19 9,445.73
2 Sand 1.22 Cumt. 600.00 729.37
4 Cement 3.34 Bags 350.00 1,167.75
5 Chips - 12 mm 0.08 Cumt. 880.00 69.52
6 Red oxide 0.09 Kgs 80.00 6.89
with all fittings)
1.00 Nos. 850.00 850.00
8 Ventilator (1.5' x 1') 1.00 Nos. 80.00 80.00
and foot rest)
1.00 Sets 280.00 280.00
10 Piping arrangement upto leach
pit with Junction Chamber
Lump
Sum
880.00 880.00
11 Pit Cover 1.00 Nos. 350.00 350.00
12 Well rings (3' dia) for Leach pit 3.00 Nos. 350.00 1,050.00
connecting pipe)
1.00 Nos. 650.00 650.00
176.00
Labour Costs
17 Skilled mason 3.96 Nos. 250.00 988.76
Total 11,694.31

SECTION at 1-1'
5'-6"
6'-0"
2"
3'-0"
2'
2'
Inspection Chamber
Soak Pit
TMST, Odisha
Email:
Mob.: +91 9437269965
1'-2"
LAYOUT PLAN
1
2
1'-2"
A BC
3'-5"
4'-5"
1
2
A B
Toilet
4'-10"
4'-0"
3'-10"
3'-0"
4'-0"
PLAN
1
1'
B B'
A A'
PLAN
(showing Inspection
Inspection Chamber
Future Expansion
GL
FRONT ELEVATION
PL
GL
1'-0"9"
CGI Sheet
5" thk. bk. wall
Tie Beam using
Eucalyptus/ bamboo
Door
Earth Filling
SECTION at 1-1'
5'-6"
6'-0"
Honeycomb Bk. Wall
1'-0"
3'-0"
PL
GL
12mm thk. plaster
3" thk. PCC (1:4:8)
2" thk. DPC(1:2:4)
1
2
A B
Toilet
5'-2"
3'-11"
4'-2"
3'-0"
4'-0"
PLAN
(below DPC)
1
1'
B B'
A A'
Toilet
2'-0"
2'-0"
3'-0"
R1'-6"
2'-0"
2'-0"
2'-3"
2'-3"
1'-0"6'-0"
6"
1'-0"1'-6"1'-0"
3"
1'-2"
9"
1'-2"
3"
9"
2" thk. DPC(1:2:4)
10" thk. bk. column
5"
1'-0"
3"2'-5"
Fly-ash brick masonry foundation, 115mm (5”) wall in superstructure, GCI sheet roofing,
Honey-comb fly-ash brick walling leach pit.
Foundation Fly-ash Brick masonry
Walling 225 mm (9”) brick column with 115 mm (5”) wall in between
the brick columns
Roofing GCI sheets
Leach Pit with cover Honey-comb Fly-ash brick with RCC cover
Junction Chamber (Y
connection)

Sl.
No.
Total length 5.12
Water Tank base 1 0.60 0.60 0.15 0.05
Total 1.09 Cum
Single Pit 1 0.79 1.00 1.05 0.82
Total 0.88 Cum
Water Tank base 1 0.60 0.60 0.10 0.04
Total 0.38 Cum
3 Fly-ash Brick masonry in 1:6
cement mortar upto Plinth Level in
foundation
Entrance step 1 0.90 0.23 0.15 0.03
Total 0.40 Cum
4 Fly-ash Brick work in (1:6) above
Plinth Beam to roof level in
superstructure
Front wall 1 1.15 0.13 1.80 0.26
Back wall 1 1.15 0.13 1.65 0.24
Side walls 2 1.20 0.13 1.74 0.53
Deductions
Door (D) -1 0.60 0.13 1.80 (0.14)
Ventilators -1 0.45 0.13 0.30 (0.02)
Total 0.88 Cum
cement mortar)
Outside Plastering
Inside Plastering
For Step 1 0.90 0.23 0.21
Sides 2 0.23 0.15 0.07
Total deductions
Door (D) -1 0.60 1.80 (1.08)
Ventilators -1 0.45 0.30 (0.14)
Total 17.30 Sqm
a. Sand filling
Toilet 1 0.90 1.20 0.15 0.16
Total 0.16 Cum
b. P.C.C (1:4:8)

2. Compendium of IHHLs Design Options for Odisha final (1)

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