Endocrinology by Naveed Akhtar
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It will be usefull in understanding about Hypertension
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Endocrinology by Naveed Akhtar
- 2. Topic Hypertension Presented To: Sir Bakht Tareen Presented By: Naveed Akhtar
- 3. Hypertension • Hypertension is the term used to describe high blood pressure. • HTN means the heart is working harder than normal , putting extra strain on the heart and vessels. • When the normal regulatory mechanisms fail, hypertension develops.
- 4. Hypertension
- 5. Hypertension • Hypertension may be classified as essential or secondary. • Essential hypertension is the term for high blood pressure with unknown cause. It accounts for about 95% of cases.
- 6. Secondary hypertension • The remaining 5–10% of cases (secondary hypertension) are caused by other conditions that affect the kidneys, arteries, heart and endocrine system.
- 7. Hypertension • Some 70 million adults in the United States are affected by hypertension. The condition also affects about two million teens and children. According to a report issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in September 2012, over half all Americans with hypertension do not have their high blood pressure under control.
- 8. Hypertension • Persistent blood pressure that is higher than the recommended blood pressure range. Category Systolic Blood Pressure Diastolic Blood Pressure Normal < 120 <80 Pre-hypertension 120-139 80-89 Hypertension – Stage 1 140-159 90-99 Hypertension – Stage 2 >160 >100
- 9. Hypertension • Approximately one in four American adults has hypertension. • As many as 2.8 million children also have high blood pressure. • The prevalence of hypertension increases with age.
- 10. Prevalence of Hypertension by Age Age % Hypertensive 18-29 4% 30-39 11% 40-49 21% 50-59 44% 60-69 54% 70-79 64% 80+ 65%
- 11. Factors effecting HTN • How much water and salt you have in your body. • The condition of your kidneys, nervous system, or blood vessels. • The levels of different body hormones.
- 12. Causes • Exact cause is unknown. • 90%-95% of the time hypertension is elevated blood pressure without an identifiable cause.
- 13. Causes • Drink too much alcohol (more than one drink per day for women and more than two drinks per day for men). • Eat too much salt in your diet. • Stress.
- 14. Causes • Have a family history of high blood pressure. • Have diabetes. • Smoking. • Obesity.
- 15. Effects • Heart Failure. • Enlarged Left Side of the Heart. • Coronary Artery Disease. • Retinal Damage (Eyes).
- 16. Effects • Cerebrovascular disease (Brain) • Peripheral Vascular Disease • Kidney Failure
- 17. Advice • It should be kept in mind that when you are going to check your blood pressure you have to go to a prescribed doctor.
- 18. Symptoms • HTN is so dangerous that it has no symptoms. • Therefore HTN is termed as “ The Silent Killer”.
- 19. Malignant hypertension. • If you have a severe headache, nausea or vomiting, bad headache, confusion, changes in your vision, or nosebleeds you may have a severe and dangerous form of high blood pressure called malignant hypertension.
- 20. Tests • High cholesterol levels • Heart disease, such as an echocardiogram or electrocardiogram • Kidney disease, such as a basic metabolic panel and urinalysis or ultrasound of the kidneys
- 21. Treatment • You can do many things to control your blood pressure, including: 1. Eat a heart-healthy diet, including potassium and fiber, and drink plenty of water. 2. Exercise regularly -- at least 30 minutes. 3. Stop smoking.
- 22. Treatment 4. Limit how much alcohol you drink (one drink a day for women, two a day for men). 5. Limit the amount of sodium (salt) you eat (less than 1,500 mg per day). 6. Reduce stress.
- 23. Treatment • Stay at a healthy body weight (find a weight-loss program to help you, if you need it).