2. Innate and adaptive immune responses Clinical Immunology: Principles and Practice. Chapter 3: Innate Immunity. Rich et al.

3. Martinon et al., 2009, Ann. Rev. Immunol. 27:229-265.

4. Duprez et al. Microbes & Infect. 11:1050

5. What Comprises the Innate Immune System in the CNS? Which CNS Cells Harbor Inflammasomes? What is the Regulation of the Innate Immune System After CNS Injury?

6. Primary vs . secondary injury

7. SCI induces increased expression and processing of IL-1  and IL-18

8. SCI induces increased expression of Caspase-1, -11 and ASC

9. de Rivero Vaccari JP, Lotocki G, Marcillo AE, Dietrich WD, Keane RW. (2008). J Neurosci. 28: 3404-3414

10. Association of NLRP1 Proteins in Neurons

12. Keane et al., 2008

14. Confocal images of spinal cord sections demonstrating anti-ASC antibody penetration into spinal cord neurons de Rivero Vaccari JP, Lotocki G, Marcillo AE, Dietrich WD, Keane RW. (2008). J Neurosci. 28: 3404-3414

15. ASC neutralization blocks NALP1 inflammasome activity de Rivero Vaccari JP, Lotocki G, Marcillo AE, Dietrich WD, Keane RW. (2008). J Neurosci. 28: 3404-3414

16. ASC neutralization improves histopathological outcome and decreases spinal cord lesion volume de Rivero Vaccari JP, Lotocki G, Marcillo AE, Dietrich WD, Keane RW. (2008). J Neurosci. 28: 3404-3414

17. de Rivero Vaccari JP, Lotocki G, Marcillo AE, Dietrich WD, Keane RW. (2008). J Neurosci. 28: 3404-3414 Anti-ASC treatment improves functional outcomes after SCI

19. ASC neutralization decreases NLRP1 inflammasome activity

20. ASC neutralization improves histopathological outcomes after TBI

23. High Extracellular K+ Activates Caspase-1 in Neuronal and Astrocytic Cultures

24. Extracellular ATP Activates Caspase-1 in Human Astrocytic Cultures

25. ATP-Induced Caspase-1 Activation is Blocked by BBG and Probenecid

29. Poly(dA:dT) Induces Assembly of the Pyroptosome and Subsequent Cell Death Cell Viability Assay Oligomerization of ASC

30. Model of Neuronal Pyroptosis after CND Injury

32. Dr. Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari Dr. Gerhard Dahl Dr. W. Dalton Dietrich Acknowledgments Julia Minkiewicz Stephanie Bacik