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Presentación de MRF en geriatría (Dr. Bianchi)

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Naturpharma (Medicina Biológica)
Naturpharma (Medicina Biológica)

This document provides an overview of geriatric medicine and aging from the perspective of PRM (Prof. Ivo Bianchi). It discusses the increasing importance of geriatrics due to population aging. Common aging-related diseases are listed. Peculiarities of aging people are described, including increased need for continuous treatment and remedies that stimulate cells and preserve organ integrity. PRM proposes treatment strategies focused on common age-related diseases and symptoms using PRM remedies. The document also discusses conventional medicine approaches to anti-aging including risks of GH, DHEA and melatonin therapies.

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11 Prof. Ivo Bianchi M.D.USA - CANADA June 2008 PRM : The Aging Process and Geriatrics
22 Disclaimer n This lecture is based on Prof. Ivo Bianchi’s own clinical experience and his studies in PRM. n This lecture is not a prescription and we do not accept medical or legal responsibility for misuse of information. Some of the remedies and techniques might not be available in your Country and you must adapt the content to the law of your Country and to the jurisdiction of your licensing board.
33 n Most part of the following presentation is an original creation by Prof. Ivo Bianchi. The slides created by Prof. Bianchi are marked by the copyright symbol ©. n For these slides all rights are reserved and all reproductions are forbidden; it is forbidden altering or removing each mark and the notes of copyright from them as well as using the slides for other purposes without the written consent of the author. All rights reserved
44 Geriatric Medicine and its Social Importance Peculiarities of Aging and Senility - Section 1 -
55 Importance of Geriatric Medicine n By 2030, the proportion of elderly in the United States is estimated to rise to 19.6 percent of the population, up from 12.4 percent today. The need for doctors trained in geriatric medicine will also rise. n The knowledge of the modern internist must be focused on geriatric pathologies and the therapeutic options must be multiple Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
66 Percentage of Centenaries Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
77 Increase of people average life n An increasing interest in the study of Aging Related Diseases Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
88 Most Common Aging Related Diseases Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
99 Peculiarities of Old People n Elderly patients need a continuous administration of remedies n Toxicological problems are in better evidence n Best way : use of Remedies that stimulate Cells’ Reactivity and preserve Organs’ Integrity Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
1010 Peculiarities of Old People n Degenerative diseases in their most complete expression, creating different symptoms and disabilities n Genetic, Constitutional deficiencies express themselves after a certain age when organ structure is deteriorated and is no longer supported by hormonal equilibrium Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
1111 PRM and Aging n PRM Strategy : a New Therapeutical Approach to old Peoples’ care taking into account many peculiar aspects and expressions of this declining period of the life Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
1212 PRM’s Proposals n To work on the most common age related diseases with a Complex Therapeutic Strategy based mostly on Method’s PRM Remedies ä Basic Remedy for age related pathological processes .: GUNA Geriatrics ä Basic Remedy for matrix detoxification .: GUNA Matrix ä Basic Remedy for connective tissue drainage .: GUNA Lympho ä Basic Remedy for cellular activation .: GUNA Cell Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
1313 Common Disabilitating Symptoms among Elderly People Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
1414 PRM’s Proposals n To work on the most common disabilitating symptoms with a Simple Therapeutic Strategy based mostly on Symptomatic PRM Remedies having quick action and no side effects ä Neuralgic Pain .: GUNA Neural ä Arthritic Pain .: GUNA Polyarthritis ä Sleeplesses .: GUNA Sleep ä Haemorrhoids .: GUNA Haemorrhoids Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
1515 General characteristics of old age n Increased individual changeability ä need of a personalized and specific antisenile therapy ä usefulness of a PRM complex and articulated strategy 1/A Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
1616
1717 Mosaic Concept n Different Pictures (Therapeutic Strategy) using the same Stones (Remedies) in different associations and modalities, according to the expression of the Disease and to the Reactivity of the Patient Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
1818 Constitutional Approach n Basic approach for a personalized therapy : Costitutional – Neurovegetative outline Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
1919 Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
2020
2121 PRM’s Proposals n Use of some basic PRM Remedies according to the Constitution of the patient ä Phlegmatic Constitution : – GUNA Lympho ä Choleric Constitution : – GUNA Flam ä Sanguine Constitution : – GUNA Matrix ä Melancholic Constitution : – GUNA Cell Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
2222 Other Practical Therapeutic Consequences n Increased individual changeability ä According to the different associations of pathologies and to the different clinical hystory, even the same chronic degenerative disease has to be treated in a different way ä Hepatic Cyrrhosis – Alcoholic history n GUNA-Liver + GUNA-Kidney – Infective history n GUNA-Virus + GUNA-Matrix – Degenerative history n GUNA-Liver + GUNA-Male/GUNA-Fem 1/B Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
2323 General characteristics of old age n Delayed response to stimuli ä doses and modalities of administration of the remedies should be specific for old age ä advantages of using injections and a major quantity of remedies ä Importance of auto-sanguis therapy 2/A Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
2424 Practical Therapeutic Consequences n Delayed response to stimuli ä Infusion of remedies combinations, PRM associated with homotoxicological and even with conventional remedies ä Use of 2-5 vials for each product and a combination of sometime 4-5 products 2/B Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
2525 PRM’s Proposals n Use of strong injectable revitalizing therapeutic strategies .: ä MADE ä OMEOFORMULA 3 ä OMEOFORMULA 1 Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
2626 General characteristics of old age n Reduced capacity of recovery ä need of a therapy for tissue support ä advantages of using remedies containing catalysts and suis-organ preparations 3/A Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
2727 Practical Therapeutic Consequences n Reduced capacity of recovery ä Large use of preparations such as GUNA-Cell, GUNA-Matrix to stimulate Cell’s and Connective Tissue’s reactivity ä Importance of Organ supporting preparations such as GUNA-Liver, GUNA-Kidney , etc.... 3/B Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
2828 Guna Cell 3X 4X 10X 6X 12X 30X 2X Citricum acidum Succinicum acidum Natrum oxalaceticum Natrum pyruvicum Methylglyoxal DNA Niacin Ascorbic acid Alpha tocopherol Folic acid Cobalamin Conium maculatum Colchicum autumnale Manganese gluconate Zincum gluconicum Cuprum sulphuricum Magnesia phosphorica Podophyllum peltatum Trace elements Seleno methionine RNA Sulphur Calcium gluconate Ferrum fumaricum Kalium asparticum Manganum phosphoricum Fumaricum acidum Adenosinum cyclophosphoricum a-Lipoicum acidum Pantothenic acid Pyridoxinum hydrochloricum Riboflavinum PhosphorusThiaminum hydro chloricum Acetyl-L- carnitine Catalysts Homeopathic remedies Vitamins Function messanger Amino acid Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
2929 Guna Matrix Natrum oxalaceticum Fucus vesiculosus Natrum sulphuricum 3X 6X DL malic acid Natrum pyruvicum Trichinoyl Pyrogenium Thuya occidentalis Lymphatic vessel Conjunctiva tissue 12X 8X 30X 200X 2X Tyrosine Prolactin 4C Interleukin 6 Ascorbic acid Nadidum Hyaluro nidase Hormone Catalysts Suis- Organs Homeopathic remedies Dehydro epiandrosteron Lacticum acidum Histidine Phenyl alanine Enzyme Vitamins Cytokines Herbal remedies Amino acids Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
3030 Guna Liver 4X 6X Fumaricum acidum Natrum oxalaceticum Natrum pyruvicum Ceanothus americanus Chionanthus virginica Kali sulphuricum Natrum sulphuricum Gall bladder Hepar 12X 8X 2X Chelidonium majus Ribo flavinum Cobalamin Niacin Thiaminum hydrochloricum Catalysts Suis-Organs Homeopathic remedies Pyridoxinum hydrochloricum Inositol Carduus marianus Taraxacum Vitamins Jejunum Pancreas SpleenLeptandra virginica Cholinum Lycopodium clavatum Herbal remedies Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
3131 Guna Kidney Suis-Organs Homeopathic remedies 2X 3X Methylene blue Quinhydrone Succinicum acidum Proteus Colibacillinum Equisetum hyemale Plantago major Pareira brava Orthosiphon stamineus Kidney 8X 6X 12X Kali nitricum Nitricum acidum 1X Ureter Ononis spinosa Sarsaparilla Solidago virgaurea Urinary bladder Catalysts Mouse-Ear hawkweed Natrum muriaticum Herbal remedies Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
3232 General characteristics of old age n Increased sensitivity to endogenous and exogenous stress ä need of a correct drainage and of fundamental homeopathic remedies in order to optimize the psychic reaction 4/A Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
3333 Practical Therapeutic Consequences n Increased sensitivity to endogenous and exogenous stress ä Large use of preparations such as GUNA-Mood and ANTI AGE Stress 4/B Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
3434 General characteristics of old age n Altered regulation of intra- and extracellular control mechanisms ä need to use remedies acting on endocrine system and on the cellular function (GUNA-Male, GUNA-Fem, GUNA-Cell...) 5 Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
3535 General characteristics of old age n Decline of reproductive capacity and gonadic function ä need to support these organs with the extensive use of compound remedies containing suis organ preparations and cellular catalysts 6A Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
3636 Practical Therapeutic Consequences n Decline of the reproductive capacity and the gonadic function ä Large use of preparations such as GUNA-Male and GUNA-Fem 6B Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
3737 General characteristics of old age n Increase of the rate of age-specific death ä need to carry out a drainage, a stimluating therapy, to activate immune defenses and reactivate functions that would be inevitably compromised by old age ä cycles of preventive and maintenance therapies, at least 4 times a year 7 Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
3838 General anti Aging Therapeutic Proposals : Conventional Medicine, Natural Perspectives, PRM - Section 2 -
3939 Tissue TherapyTissue Therapy Nosode TherapyNosode Therapy DrainageDrainage Acute diseaseAcute disease ChronicizedChronicized ReactiveReactive inflammatoryinflammatory DiseasesDiseases ChronicChronic impregnativeimpregnative DiseasesDiseases Health statusHealth status Aging Symptoms Part of a Whole Aging is itself a “chronic disease” Need of a Complex PRM Cocktail Acute diseaseAcute disease Disease grownDisease grown acute againacute again Health status in geriatrics Health status in geriatrics Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
4040 The Cure n Delusions of a Miracle Anti aging Pill Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
4141 Conventional Medicine Proposals in Geriatrics n Invasive and substitute Surgery n Therapy taken to extremes often with tremendous side effects ä Lacking evaluation of patients' Constitution ! Delusions : - SH - DHEA - Melatonin Future Proposals : - Gene Therapy Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
4242 DHEA n DHEA is converted into Testosterone (and estrogen). n These sex hormones and their metabolites promote benign and malignant prostate cell proliferation. n Men with prostate cancer or severe benign prostate hypertrophy are advised to avoid DHEA. n Women with estrogen-dependent cancer should avoid DHEA therapy. n DHEA is risky for individuals with existing liver disease (such as viral hepatitis or cyrrhosis) Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
4343 Melatonin n While there have been no reports of severe adverse reactions from Melatonin, there are concerns that it could cause side effects ranging from hypothermia to dangerous drowsiness, depression, stroke. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
4444 GH n Patients treated in childhood/ early adulthood from 1959 to 1985 with human pituitary GH were followed through for cancer incidence to December 1995 and for mortality through to December 2000 n The overall risk of cancer mortality was increased approximately threefold and from colorectal cancer and Hodgkin's disease (HD) approximately 11-fold. The incidence of colorectal cancer was increased approximately eightfold and both incidences and mortality of colorectal cancer, as well as that of HD, were increased even after excluding patients whose original diagnoses gave them higher risk of cancer. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
4545 EXCRETION REACTION DEPOSITION IMPREGNATION DEGENERATION NEOPLASM MIND SKIN E.N.T NERVOUS Syst. DIENCEPHALON RESPIRAT. Tr. DIGESTIVE Tr. CONNECTIVE T. HEMOGENESIS BONE TISSUE CARDIOV. Syst. LYMPHATIC T. JOINTS-SYNOV. URINARY Syst. SEROUS MEMBR. GENITALIA M. GENITALIA F. MUSCULAR T. Symptomatic Drugs : Temporary Relief of the Symptoms Deepening of the Pathology The suppression of the Reaction Phase caused by Allopathic Medicine leads to the Deposition and Degeneration Phases, that is to chronic diseases SymptomaticSymptomatic MedicationsMedications Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
4646 Gene Therapy n In gene therapy, side effects may originate from ä genetic damage following the insertion of the transgene, ä interference of ectopic transgene expression with cellular signaling networks, ä immune responses evoked by the transgene product, or by aberrant reading frames of the vector. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
4747 New Proposals n Homeopathic and PRM General Proposals Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
4848 PRM in Geriatrics n Careful clinical survey, conventional study too n Careful evaluation of patients Constitution n Compatibility with Conventional therapy when necessary n Great importance of toxins cleaning with Drainage activation Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
4949 Effects of PRM Therapy in Geriatrics n Stimulation of cell and tissue defenses n Cleavage of endogenous and exogenous toxins n Specific stimulation of patients' reactivity n Stop to degenerative tendencies n Stimulation of endocrine glands showing a deficit Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
5050 Advantages of PRM Therapy in Geriatrics n Quite easy formulation of a Therapeutic Strategy n Quick action of the remedies n Possibility to give remedies in different administration ways and forms n Possibility to combine these remedies with Conventional ones n Possibility to combine this therapy with the remedies of Classical Homeopathy Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
5151 Basic Oral anti Aging Remedy : Guna-Geriatrics 6X 3X Suis-Organs 4C NT3 NT4 Melatonin HormonesNeurotrophins Plumbum metallicum Hepar Lobo frontalis Glandula suprarenalis HypothalamusBaryta carbonica Homeopathic Remedies Phenilalanine Thyrosine Oxitocine TRH LH-RH ACTH Acidum DL-malicum Catalysts Acidum pyruvicum Hormones BDNF Parabenzochinon Baryum oxalsuccinicum Arnica IGF-1 Aminoacids Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
5252 Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
5353 ArnicaArnica MontanaMontana BarytaBaryta CarbonicaCarbonica PlumbumPlumbum MetallicumMetallicum Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
5454 Clinical Indications of some Homeopathic Basic Remedies from Practical Materia Medica by Henry Clarke Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
5555 Neurotrophic Growth Factors n Growth factors and their receptors, are important in CNS development. n These same factors seem to play a significant role in the development of CNS neoplasia. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
5656 Neurotrophins n Neurotrophic factors are endogenous proteins that alter the survival, development, maintenance, and differentiation of neurons. n Evidence has indicated that neurotrophic factors may be implicated in the normal functional activity of nerve cells. n These molecules are generally small, soluble proteins with molecular weights between 13 and 24 kDa and are often active as homodimers (1,2). Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
5757 Neurotrophins n Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) The first known neurotrophin, acts predominantly on sympathetic and sensory neurons. n Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Supports motoneuron development and survival in animals and prevents naturally occurring death n Neurotrophin 3 (NT-3) NT-3 is related to NGF and has homology with it. It is found in motorneurons, sympathetic neurons and some peripheral sensory organs. n Neurotrophin 4 (NT-4) NT 4 also is related to NGF and has similar homology. NT-4 is produced in skeletal Muscle but production of NT-4 was found to depend on muscle activity Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
5858 Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) n Acting on certain CNS neurons and on the peripheral nervous system n Helps to support the survival of existing neurons and encourages the growth and differentiation of new neurons and synapses n Active in the Hyppocampus, Cortex, Basal Forebrain areas vital to learning, memory, and higher thinking. n Although the vast majority of neurons in the brain are formed prenatally, parts of the adult brain retain the ability to produce new neurons from neural stem cells in a process known as Neurogenesis Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
5959 Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) n BDNF is one of the most active neurotrophins. Mice born without the ability to make BDNF suffer development defects in the brain and sensory nervous system, and usually die soon after birth, suggesting that BDNF plays an important role in normal neural development n BDNF is actually found not only in the brain but also in a range of tissue and cell types : Retina, Motor neurons, Kidneys and Prostate. n Various studies have shown possible links between low levels of BDNF and conditions such as : Depression, Schyzofrenia, Obsessive Compulsive Disorders, Alzheimer’s Disease, Untington’s Chorea, Rett Syndrome, Dementia, Anorexia and bulimia Nervosa Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
6060 NT-3 : synaptic potentiation NT-4 : synaptic plasticity Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) supports the survival and differentiation of neurones in the central and peripheral nervous systems through a number of mechanisms that occur in a matter of hours or days. NT-3 may also have a more rapid mode of action that influences synaptic activity in mature neurones. NT-3, have been implicated in the regulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity. Neurotrophin 4 (NT4) is required for the synaptic plasticity mediating both tolerance and memory. NT4 may be involved in neural plasticity underlying opiate tolerance Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
6161 Aging and Hormones Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
6262 Hormonal Profile in Aging Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
6363 Anti Aging Hormones Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
6464 Melatonin and Aging n Circulating melatonin decreases with age and in recent years much interest has been focused on its immunomodulatory effect. n Melatonin stimulates the production of progenitor cells for granulocytes- macrophages. It also stimulates the production of NK cells and CD4+ cells and inhibits CD8+ cells. n The production and release of various cytokines from NK cells and T-helper lymphocytes also are enhanced by melatonin. n Melatonin presumably regulates immune function by acting on the immune-opioid network, by affecting G protein-cAMP signal pathway and by regulating intracellular glutathione levels. Melatonin has the potential therapeutic value to enhance immune function in aged individuals and in patients in an immune-compromised state. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
6565 Insuling Growth Factor 1 and Aging n Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are polipeptides with high sequence similarity to insulin n IGF-1 is mainly secreted by the liver as a result of stimulation by GH. n IGF-1 is important for both the regulation of normal physiology, as well as a number of pathological states, including cancer n IGF axis has been shown to play roles in the promotion of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis n Factors that are known to cause variation in the levels IGF-1 in the circulation include an individuals genetic make-up, the time of day, age, sex, exercise, stress levels, genetics, nutrition level and body mass index (BMI), disease state, race, estrogen status and xenobiotic intake. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
6666 ACTH and Aging n It was demonstrated that administration of ACTH led to facilitation of learning and strengthening of memory processes (conditioned reflex traces). ACTH promoted strengthening of movement, orientational-investigative, and intersignal activities, produced hyperalgesia, and blocked the effects of naloxone n ACTH is involved in motivation, learning and memory. n ACTH restores the ability of hypophysectomised rats to acquire an avoidance response in a shuttlebox. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
6767 Anti aging Hormones Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
6868 Oxytocin and Aging n Oxytocin is a mammalian hormone that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain. n Oxytocin is released during orgasm in both sexes. n In the brain, oxytocin is involved in social recognition and bonding, and might be involved in the formation of trust between people, in generosity and in the reduction of fear n Can impair memory retrieval in certain aversive memory tasks. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
6969 TRH and Aging n The brain tripeptide thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has been demonstrated to facilitate cholinergic neurotransmission. n TRH markedly attenuated scopolamine- induced impairment of some measures of memory, most notably on a selective reminding task. n Cognitive studies suggest a facilitatory role for TRH in human memory processes. n Scientific studies suggest that stimulation of TRH may be useful for treatment of age-related emotional disorders and memory disturbance in dementia. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
7070 LH-RH and Aging n Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), is the key reproductive hormone, coordinating the major features of mammalian reproduction n The hypothalamic decapeptide can modulate immune functions directly, through local paracrine–autocrine effects in immune cells, and indirectly through activation of the hypothalamic– pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis n LHRH participates both at central and peripheral levels in the interaction between the neuroendocrine and the immune systems. n The reciprocity of the NEI signaling systems is further supported by the ability of sex steroids to modulate thymus-dependent immune function via direct effects on specific target genes involved in the development of sex-dimorphic immune responses, including the down-regulation of the immune response observed during pregnancy. Widespread therapeutic application for LHRH and its potent agonistic and antagonistic analogues in a large number of pathologies, such as paediatric, gynaecological, urologic and oncologic medicine Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
7171 AMINOACIDS
7272 Thyrosine and aging n Nonessential amino acid synthesized in the body from phenylalanine. As a building block for several important brain chemicals, tyrosine is needed to make epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine, all of which work to regulate mood. n Deficiencies in this amino acid is associated with depression. n Tyrosine also aids in the production of melanin and in the function of the adrenal, thyroid, and pituitary glands. Tyrosine is also involved in the synthesis of enkephalins, substances that have pain-relieving effects in the body. n Low levels of tyrosine have been associated with low blood pressure, low body temperature, and an under active thyroid. n Because tyrosine binds unstable molecules (called free radicals) that can potentially cause damage to the cells and tissues, it is considered a mild antioxidant. Thus, tyrosine may be useful for people who have been exposed to harmful chemicals (such as from smoking) and radiation. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
7373 Phenylalanine and aging n Phenylalanine is used to treat a variety of medical problems. Because some antidepressants work by raising norepinephrine levels, phenylalanine has been used to treat depression n Phenylalanine has been suggested as a treatment for chronic pain caused by rheumatoid arthritis, muscle pain, and osteoarthritis, as it blocks enkephalinase, an enzyme that may act to increase pain levels in the body. There is some evidence to support the use of phenylalanine to alleviate chronic pain Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
7474 Kreb’s Cycle ► Hans A. Krebs first elucidated the process of cells converting food into energy, the Citric Acid Cycle, in 1937. ► Krebs proposed a specific metabolic pathway within the cells to account for the oxidation of carbohydrates, protein and fats Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
7575 Krebs’ Cycle Catalysts ► A deficiency in one or more Krebs’ cycle intermediate catalysts and the consequent inhibition of normal energy production may cause a wide range of metabolic disturbances and symptoms. ► A deficiency of malic acid and fumaric acid is linked to chronic fatigue and psoriasis. ► Disturbances in mitochondrial energy production contribute to a variety of neurological and physical problems. ► Impaired oxidative and energy metabolism are indicators of Alzheimer’s disease. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
7676 Embden Meyerhof Pathway ► When oxygen is unavailable or the Krebs’ cycle is inhibited, the body shifts its energy production from the Krebs’ cycle to the Embden Meyerhof pathway of glycolysis, a very inefficient way of making energy. ► As well as producing far less energy, glycolysis also produces lactic acid as a byproduct. ► Increased lactic acid is a common acidotic condition that can be caused by a variety of metabolic problems and can be the cause or consequence of cancer Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
7777 Kreb’s cycle functions ► Krebs’ cycle metabolizes acetyl coenzyme A into citric acid and then runs through a complex series of biological oxidations, producing free hydrogen ions. A net of two molecules of ATP is created at this stage in the Krebs’ cycle. ► The hydrogen ions then enter a biochemical chain, known as oxidative phosphorylation, which is a highly efficient aerobic energy generator. ► Oxidative phosphorylation generates 36 molecules of ATP during a sequence of steps that combine hydrogen electrons to molecular oxygen to form water. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
7878 Kreb’s cycle functions ► Most of the products of protein, carbohydrates and fat metabolism are reduced to the molecule acetyl coenzyme A that enters the Krebs’ cycle. ► Glucose, the primary fuel in the body, is first metabolized into pyruvic acid and then into acetyl coenzyme A. ► Amino acids and some chained fatty acids can be metabolized into Krebs intermediates and enter the cycle at several points. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
7979 Krebs’ Cycle Shutdown ► Under normal conditions all the reactions in the Krebs’ cycle proceed smoothly and ATP is generated without the excessive production of any harmful byproducts. ► Different conditions, like stress, viral affections, acute diseases.. can alter Krebs’ cycle chemistry, causing it to shut down normal energy production. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
8080 Candida and Kreb’s Cycle Disfunction ► Candida produces toxins, in particular Tartaric acid , competing with Malic acid at the Krebs’ Cycle level ► Candida overgrowth leads to the release of these molecules in large quantity. ► By replacing malic acid, tartaric acid compromises cellular energy production, and is likely to be directly linked to the fatigue and cognitive problems ► Tartaric acid is highly toxic to muscles and the kidneys Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
8181 Krebs’ Cycle and Vitamins ► Interconversions of Krebs’ cycle intermediates are controlled by enzymes that often require vitamin- derived cofactors and minerals to operate. ► For example, pyruvate is the anaerobic breakdown product of glucose. Its further conversion to acetyl-CoA requires cofactors derived from thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, lipoic acid, and pantothenic acid. When these nutrients are deficient, problems result that disrupt mitochondrial energy production Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
8282 Krebs’ Cycle Shutdown ► A deficiency in one or more Krebs’ cycle intermediate catalysts and an inhibition of normal energy production may cause a wide range of metabolic disturbances and symptoms. ► A deficiency of malic acid and fumaric acid is linked to chronic fatigue and psoriasis. ► Disturbances in mitochondrial energy production contribute to a variety of neurological and physical problems. ► Impaired oxidative and energy metabolism are indicators of Alzheimer’s disease. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
8383 Clinical Consequences of Compromised Krebs' cycle functions ChronicizationChronicization TendencyTendency PyruvatePyruvate SuccinylSuccinyl -- CoACoA CisCis AconitaseAconitase alphaalpha-- ketoglutarateketoglutarate MalateMalate OxaloacetateOxaloacetate AllergyAllergy StressStress NeuroNeuro MuscularMuscular PathologiesPathologies BaryumBaryum oxalsuccinicumoxalsuccinicum EndocrineEndocrine agingaging DiabetesDiabetes Energy DeficitEnergy Deficit FumarateFumarateLipidLipid DismetabolismDismetabolism RecurrentRecurrent PathologiesPathologies Bone MarrowBone Marrow’’s Deficits Deficit MgMg MnMn PP ATPATPCitrateCitrate Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
8484 Aging and Krebs’ Cycle Shutdown ► Some neurological symptoms of aging : poor attention, memory loss, lack of concentration and depression, may be related to an impairment in the production of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ► Administering specific Krebs’ cycle amino acid precursors and intermediates to stimulate energy production significantly reduce these symptoms ► Therefore supplying a complete range of Krebs’ cycle factors and lactic acid- buffering agents may be of great benefit in aged people Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
8585 C COO- Pyruvic acid ► Pyruvic acid appears to increase the amount of glucose that enters muscle cells from the circulating blood, increasing muscle endurance, improving cardiac efficiency and promoting fat loss, also increasing both resting metabolic rate and fat utilization. ► This ability of pyruvic acid leads to increases in immediate available energy, as well as increasing stored muscle glycogen levels for future energy. ► In one study pyruvic acid was found to increase glucose extraction by almost 300% and muscle glycogen by 50% after one hour of exercise. CH 3 O Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
8686 C COO - COO- DL malic acid ► Malic acid is involved in energy production from the burning of pyruvic acid. ► Malic acid also aids in exercise recovery by counteracting the buildup of lactic acid. ► Supplementation of malic acid has been reported to reduce symptoms of persistent fatigue, muscular myalgia and arthritic- like pains. CH 2 HHC Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
8787 Baryum Oxalsuccinicum n This salt is a combination of : ä Baryum, anti aging in homeopathic dilution ä Acidum Succinicum, basic metabolite for Krebs’ cycle and for Oxidative phosphorylation Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
8888 Oxidative Phosphorylation n Although the citric acid cycle is considered to be part of aerobic metabolism, it does not itself use oxigen. Only in the final catabolic reactions that take place in the inner mitochondrial membrane molecular oxygen is directly consumed n Nearly all the energy produced from burning carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the earlier stages of their oxidation is initially saved in the form of high energy electrons removed from substrates by NAD and FAD n These electrons, carried by NADH and FADH are combined with O2 by means of the respiratory chain embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane n The large amount of energy is harnessed by the inner membrane to drive the conversion of ADP to ATP Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
8989 Oxidative phosphorylation Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
9090 Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
9191 Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
9292 Oxydative Phosphorylase Disfunction and Parkinson Disease ► The causes of Parkinson disease are beginning to be defined and include an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. ► An important emerging molecular defect is impaired function of the mitochondrial electron transport chain leading to failure of adenosine triphosphate synthesis. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
9393 Redox potential n Reduction potential (also known as redox potential, oxidation / reduction potential or ORP) is the tendency of a Chemical Species to acquire Electrons and thereby be reduced and to oxidate the substrate n Each species has its own intrinsic reduction potential; the more positive the potential, the greater the species' affinity for electrons and tendency to be reduced. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
9494 Quinones n Quinones consist of mainly benzoquinones, naphthoquinones and anthraquinones. n The greatest feature of quinones is the ability to compose a reversible oxidation- reduction cycle. n The standard redox potentials of quinones are widely distributed from +0.9V to +0.1V. For example, the standard redox potential of the 1,4-benzoquinone is +0.715V, the 1,4- naphthoquinone is +0.485V, and the 9,10- anthraquinone is +0.154V. n The potential of the quinones becomes low by introducing of electron-donating groups such as OH, and with electron-withdrawing groups such as Cl and the potential becomes high Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
9595 Redox Potential of Some Quinones HydrochinonHydrochinon ChinhydronChinhydron UbichinonUbichinon AntrachinonAntrachinon NaphtochinonNaphtochinon ParabenzochinonParabenzochinon IncreasingIncreasing RedoxRedox ActivityActivity 784 mV 576mV 490 mV 370 mV Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
9696 Para-benzochinon Early Aging Pre Cancerous Phases Immunological Deficit Consequences of Stress Oxidative Stimulation Energy Production Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
9797 Cell’s Catalysts and Quinones Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
9898 Organ’s Remedies n PRM uses, as homotoxicology, organ preparations derived from tissues of young and healthy pigs n Recognized similarities between pork tissues and human tissue n Dilution of corresponding pork tissues, will stimulates human organ enchancing function and trophism of the tissue Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
9999 Suis Organs n Similarity but not identity of human and pork tissues ä Precocius aging and steatosis of pork tissues n Therefore : ä Organ Stimulation ä Immune Stimulation Pig’s Liver Human Liver Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
100100 Suis organs in: GUNA-Geriatrics Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
101101 Levels of Geriatric Therapy GUNA Geriatrics Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
102102 Aging Phenomenon and Theories of Aging with PRM’s Therapeutical Proposals - Section 3 -
103103 Aging in Biology n In order to organize a therapeutic strategy for aging related problems, it is necessary to analyze the "aging phenomenon“ within Biology. n Aging, as the other processes, is an evolutionary positive phenomenon related to our specialization and adaptability Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
104104 Aging in Invertebrates n Colonial invertebrates like sponges and corals don't show signs of aging. Even sea anemone that lived for 78 years, show little or no sign of aging. In all these cases, this is probably because there is constant replacement of old cells by new ones as the years go by. n Lobsters also can live to a very old age with no obvious sign of a decline in fecundity or any other physiological process. But lobsters never stop growing, so once again it may be the continuous formation of new cells that keeps the animal going. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
105105 Aging in Vertebrates n Some cold-blooded vertebrates: ä fishes; ä amphibians; ä reptiles n have long life spans if they can survive environmental hazards (some tortoises are known to have reached 150 years of age). n In every case, these animals have no fixed size but continue to grow throughout their life. This, of course, requires a constant supply of new cells, and this may be their secret. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
106106 When do we start aging ? n Aging starts when we stop growing n Full sexual development is the starting point of aging Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
107107 Aging in Medicine n Aging is a syndrome of changes that are deleterious, progressive, universal and thus far irreversible. n Aging changes occur to molecules (DNA, proteins, lipids), to cells and to organs. n Diseases of old age (diseases which increase in frequency with age, such as arthritis, osteoporosis, heart disease, cancer, Alzheimer disease, etc.) are often distinguished from aging per se. n But even if the aging process is distinct from the diseases of aging, it is nonetheless true that the aging process causes changes that increase the probability to develop diseases of old age. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
108108 Cell’s Aging n All cells experience changes with aging. They become larger and are less able to divide and reproduce. Among other changes, there is an increase in pigments and fatty substances inside the cell (lipids). Many cells lose their ability to work, or they begin to work abnormally. n Waste products accumulate in tissue with aging. n A fatty brown pigment called Lipofuxin collects in many tissues, as do other fatty substances. Fig.: Lipofuscin accumulation in aging hearing cells Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
109109 Specialization, Aging and Reproduction capacity Brain cells Hepatic cells Germinal cells Neoplastic cells SpecializationUndifferentiation Reproduction capacity Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
110110 Less reactivity of the elderly cells to mitogenic stimulation Elderly subjects Young subjects PHA 0 PHA 0,1 PHA 1 PHA 5 PHA 10 Incorporationof3H-TdR(cpm) 90.000 60.000 30.000 Aging Speed of cancer cell proliferation Indirect relation between aging and cancer Doses of mitogen (λ / ml) Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
111111 Cellular Aging and Cancer n The slowed growth seen in aging cells does not necessarily protect these cells from becoming cancerous, contrary to general belief. n As people get old, the chance of developing tumors increases, especially from the late 40s. n Although this has been empirically recognized, doctors have failed to prove it scientifically because aging cells lose the ability to divide but cancer cells always divide out of control. n Human gene Bcl-2, which causes the stop of growth or aging of cells does not protect these cells from shifting to explosive cell growth. n Instead, Bcl-2 barred the DNA repair mechanism, depriving the human body of a significant tool in countering mutations, dramatically heightening the likelihood of tumors to appear. n Aged cells suffer from abrupt mutations due to a lack of DNA repair. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
112112 Causes of Adult Mortality Ivo BIANCHI M.D. © Death probabilities Death probabilities Heart ischemic disease Tumors Hepatic cyrrhosis Death causes Accidents Age groups
113113 Theories on Aging n Telomerase n Membrane n Mithocondrial Decline n Genetic n Free Radicals n Cross Linking n Hayflick n Neurological n Neuroendocrine n Immunologic
114114 PRM’s Position n Each Theory is Right for a Specific Patient n Aging Factor are Different for Different Individuals n Therapy must take into account the Specific deteriorating Factor to be cured
115115 Telomerase Theory of Aging n Telomeres (the sequences of nucleic acids extending from the ends of chromosomes), shorten every time a cell divides. n This shortening of telomeres is believed to lead to cellular damage due to the inability of the cell to duplicate itself correctly. n Each time a cell divides, it duplicates itself a little worse than the time before; this eventually leads to cellular dysfunction, aging and indeed death. n Telomeres can be repaired if there is a good level of specific stimulating hormones for that cell Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
116116
117117 Telomerase Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence.: ä Sustain Hormonal Function – GUNA Matrix (DHEA) – GUNA Lympho (Thyroxine) – GUNA Male / GUNA Fem Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
118118 The Membrane Theory of Aging n As we grow old the cell membrane becomes less lipidic (less watery and more solid). This impedes its efficiency to conduct normal function and in particular there is a toxic accumulation. This cellular toxin is referred to as lipofuscin and as we grow old lipofuscin deposits become more present in the brain, heart and lungs and also in the skin. n Indeed some of the skin age-pigments referred to as liver or age-spots are composed of lipofuscin. n It is known that Alzheimer’s Disease patients have much higher levels of lipofuscin deposits than their healthy controls. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
119119 The Membrane Theory of Aging n The cells declining efficiency also means that the essential and regular transfer of sodium and potassium is impaired, thus reducing communication. n It is also believed that electrical and heat transfer is impaired. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
120120 The Membrane Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence.: ä Use Coenzyme Q – ARD Vessels Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
121121 The Mitochondrial Decline Theory of Aging n Mitochondria are the power producing organelles found in every cell of every organ. Their primary task is to create Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) in the various energy cycles Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
122122 The Mitochondrial Decline Theory of Aging n ATP is the life giving chemical substance because every movement, thought and action we do is generated from it. Yet very little ATP can be stored in the body. n Thus it is clear that the mitochondria have to be very efficient and healthy, in order to produce a continuous supply of essential ATP for the necessary cell repair and regenerative processes Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
123123 The Mitochondrial Decline Theory of Aging n Mitochondria are fiery furnaces and subject themselves to a lot of free radicals. They also lack most of the defenses found in other parts of the body, so as we age, mitochondria become less efficient, fewer in number and larger. Accordingly, ATP production declines. n As organs cannot borrow energy from one another, the efficiency of mitochondria is essential to the corresponding organ repair processes and functions. If some particular mitochondria fail, also the organ in which they are located fails (and this of course can lead to death). n Enhancement and protection of the mitochondria is an essential part of preventing and slowing aging. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
124124 The Mitochondrial Decline Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence.: ä Use PRM Compounds to sustain mitochondrial function .: – GUNA Cell Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
125125 Guna Cell 3X 4X 10X 6X 12X 30X 2X Citricum acidum Succinicum acidum Natrum oxalaceticum Natrum pyruvicum Methylglyoxal DNA Niacin Ascorbic acid Alpha tocopherol Folic acid Cobalamin Conium maculatum Colchicum autumnale Manganese gluconate Zincum gluconicum Cuprum sulphuricum Magnesia phosphorica Podophyllum peltatum Trace elements Seleno methionine RNA Sulphur Calcium gluconate Ferrum fumaricum Kalium asparticum Manganum phosphoricum Fumaricum acidum Adenosinum cyclophosphoricum a-Lipoicum acidum Pantothenic acid Pyridoxinum hydrochloricum Riboflavinum PhosphorusThiaminum hydro chloricum Acetyl-L- carnitine Catalysts Homeopathic remedies Vitamins Function messanger Amino acid Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
126126 Genetic Theory of Aging n Genetic mutation theory hypothesizes that random mutations of cell DNA over countless replications begin to degrade the functional and structural quality of the cells being produced. n This degradation becomes amplified over time as more and more defective cells comprise each organ of the body, resulting in inefficiency and, eventually, inability of the organ to perform its function. n This process supposedly leads to the decline and ultimate death of the entire organism. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
127127 Genetic Theory of Aging n Of the 26 genes that decreased expression with age in control mice, 23% are involved in DNA replication and the cell cycle. Most of these have a negative effect on cell growth and division. n Among these, the product of phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) gene is a tumor suppressor that induces cell-cycle arrest through inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. B cell translocation gene 2 (Btg2) is a tumor suppressor that increases expression in response to DNA damage. n The murine gene product of the amino-terminal enhancer of split (Aes) is a potent corepressor of gene expression and cellular proliferation. n Calcium-binding protein A11 binds to and regulates the activity of annexin II, which is involved in the transduction of calcium-related mitogenic signals. n Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein 1 plays an important role in the negative regulation of the IGF-1 system, a stimulator of mitogenesis. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
128128 Genetic Theory of Aging n Reduced expression of genes discussed above indicates that there is a general loss of negative cell growth control with age. n 78% of the mice of this strain and sex fed the control diet used here die of some form of neoplasia, and the death rate from neoplasia accelerates dramatically with age. n Approximately 21% of these mice die of hepatoma, mostly late in life. n Decreased expression of the negative growth regulators and overexpression of the chaperone genes with age also are consistent with this higher incidence of hepatoma in aged mice.Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
129129 Genetic Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence.: ä DNA and RNA supplements ä Calcium , Folic acid ….supplements – GUNA Cell Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
130130 Free Radicals Theory of Aging n Free radical : any molecule that has a free electron that makes it react with healthy molecules in a destructive way. n Diet, lifestyle, drugs (e.g. tobacco and alcohol) and radiation etc., are all accelerators of free radicals production within the body. n However, there is also a natural production of free-radicals within the body .: production of energy, particularly from the mitochondria . n Oxygen is a potent free-radical producer. n Free radicals are known to attack the structure of cell membranes, which then create metabolic waste products. Such toxic accumulations interfere with cell communication, disturb DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, lower energy levels and generally impede vital chemical processes. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
131131 Free Radicals Theory of Aging n Free radicals can however be transformed by free-radical scavengers (otherwise known as anti-oxidants). Particular anti-oxidants will bind to particular free radicals and help to stabilize them. n Free radicals come in a hierarchy (according to their potential for damage) with the hydroxyl-radical and the superoxide-radical at the top of the list. n It is therefore necessary to take a cross- section of anti-oxidants so that the process of elimination of the free radicals can occur, otherwise higher damage free radicals may be converted into a greater number of lower damage free radicals. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
132132 Free Radicals Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence.: ä Use anti-oxidants including .: – beta carotene, vitamin C, grape seed extract, vitamin E and possibly also stronger substances such as Hydergine, Melatonin and Vinpocetine. – ARD Vessels Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
133133 Cross Linking Theory of Aging n The Cross-Linking Theory of Aging is also referred to as the Glycoxylation Theory of Aging. In this theory it is the binding of glucose to proteins, (a process that occurs under the presence of oxygen) that causes various problems. n Once this binding has occurred the protein becomes impaired and is unable to perform its task efficiently. n Living a longer life is going to lead to the increased possibility of oxygen meeting glucose and proteins and known cross-linking disorders include senile cataract and the appearance of tough, leathery and yellow skin. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
134134 Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
135135 Cross Linking Theory of Aging n The cross-linking of proteins may also be responsible for cardiac enlargement and the hardening of collagen, which may then lead to the increased susceptibility of a cardiac arrest. n Cross linked proteins have also been implicated in renal disorders. n It is also theorized that sugars binding to DNA may cause damage that leads to malformed cells and thus cancer. n The modern diet is of course a very sweet one and we are bombarded with simple sugars from soft drinks and processed foods etc. One obvious example to reduce the risk of cross-linking is to reduce sugar (and also simple carbohydrates) in the diet. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
136136 Some of the most promising substances to inhibit/dissolve AGE-induced crosslinks Ivo BIANCHI M.D. © WARNING In rare cases, GLUCOPHAGE can cause a serious, even life-treathening, side effect : Lactic acidosis.
137137 Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
138138 Cross Linking Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence.: ä Methylglyoxal – In : GUNA Cell ä Diet ä Vit. B1 , Vit. B6 ä GUNA Liver , GUNA Kidney Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
139139 Hayflich Theory of Aging n In 1961, Dr. Hayflick theorized that the human cells ability to divide is limited to approximately 50-times, after which they simply stop dividing (and hence die). n He showed that nutrition has an effect on cells, with overfed cells dividing much faster than underfed cells. n Maybe each time a cell divides it loses some blue- print information. Eventually (after 50-odd times of division) there is simply not enough DNA information available to complete any sort of division Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
140140 Hayflich Theory of Aging n The Hayflick Limit indicates the need to slow down the rate of cell division if we want to live long lives. Cell division can be slowed down by diet and lifestyle etc., but it is also surmised that cell-division can be improved with many of the protocols of the other aging theories described herein. n The use of ribonucleic acids (RNAs, the building- blocks of DNA), improves cell repair processes, enhances cellular capabilities and increases the maximum number of cell divisions in animals and in vitro tests. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
141141 Hayflich Theory of Aging n While it is true that most cells demonstrate a finite ability to divide in tissue culture, this finite limit is still several times longer than the maximum life span of any individual member of the species. n Hence the cellular aging theory fails to explain aging satisfactorily. n Furthermore studies have shown that cells from an old organism grafted into a young organism do not shorten the life span of the young organism. In fact, in most cases, the grafted old cells work and proliferate as "normally" as any other cell in the young organism. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
142142 Hayflich Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic Consequences.: ä Necessity to use drainage-detoxicating Therapies ä Necessity to stimulate DNA reparing processes with DNA-RNA supplements Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
143143 CARNOSINE n Carnosine is an endogenous dipeptide, formed by two amino acids, that prevents ageing of the skin fibroblasts and rejuvenates them. Australian researchers confirmed that carnosine increases the longevity of human fibroblast cells in the laboratory. n Carnosine extended the Hayflick limit by up to an additional 10 times Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
144144 Neurological Theory of Aging n Age-related changes in the hypothalamus, a primitive region of the brain which stimulates the pituitary and has neural connections to the sympathetic nervous system, have been hypothesized as the cause of aging in mammals. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
145145 Neurological Theory of Aging n This theory suggests that aging proceeds at different paces in the separate nuclei of each cell in the hypothalamus. Consequently the function of each area proceeds at different rates, throwing off the synchronized communication within the hypothalamus and throughout the endocrine system. n Another aspect of the theory claims that aging desensitizes the ability of the hypothalamus to respond to negative feedback loops from the endocrine system, such ability being essential to coordinated endocrine functioning. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
146146 Neurological Theory of Aging n Age-related loss of neural tissue in highly specialized areas, such as the hippocampus and the hypothalamus, has been theorized to cause aging. n However any significant loss of tissue in the brain is normally associated with, or preceded by, a disease state or an alteration in systemic events, e.g. a sustained increase in glucocorticoids. n Fortunately there are billions of brain cells and any normal loss of brain tissue has not been shown to impair directly its functioning. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
147147 Neurological Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence.: ä Sustain hypothalamic reactivity – GUNA Male – GUNA Fem Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
148148 Guna Fem 6X 12X 30X 200X Suis-OrgansHomeopathic remedies Thyroidinum Melatonin Hypothalamus Hypophysis Thymus gland Lilium tigrinum Corpus luteum Pineal gland Pancreas Glandula suprarenalis Adenosinum cyclo phosphoricum Oophorinum Catalyst Hormones Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
149149 Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging n There has been a number of theories targeting a variety of endocrine glands as the main culprit in aging. n One theory suggests that a lowering of pituitary functioning is responsible for aging and points to animal research where severe hypofunction of the pituitary induced involutional changes resembling those of old age. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
150150 Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging n Another theory states just the opposite and claims that hyperfuntioning of the pituitary is the culprit. n This theory refers to animal studies, mainly rats, where surgical, dietary or pharmacological intervention, which lowered pituitary function, extended physiological competence and inhibited the development of some diseases associated with old age, further delaying the onset of aging. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
151151 Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence.: ä Regulate pituitary gland function ä GUNA Male ä GUNA Fem Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
152152 Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging n Other theories point to hypofunctioning of the thyroid and give research evidence that decrements in thyroid hormone levels lead to impaired conversion of T4 and T3 cells, changes in receptor number, increased TSH polymorphism, and appearance of a thyroid inhibitory factor which appears with aging. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
153153 Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence.: ä Fight Thyroiditis and its consequences ä Sustain Thyroid function – GUNA Lympho Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
154154 Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging n The adrenal glands have also been implicated. Programmed aging has been found in certain species such as the Pacific salmon and several species of marsupial mice. n In those cases, the massive increase in the secretion of stress hormones from the adrenal glands is associated with the rapid degeneration of these organisms just prior to death. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
155155 Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging n Recent studies have likewise indicated that chronic administration of glucocorticoids to rats can produce neuron loss in the hippocampus in the same regions that are lost with normal aging. n Removal of the adrenals prevents the age-related loss of neurons in the hippocampus as well as initiates a regeneration of thymic tissue. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
156156 Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence.: ä Fight Stress and its consequences ä Regulate Adrenal function – GUNA Matrix (DHEA) Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
157157 Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging n Other theories hypothesize the location of a biological clock in the gonads, the pineal gland, and the pituitary. The biological clock theories suggest that, as part of the developmental process normally linked with sexual maturity and/or reproduction, hormonal changes occur in specific organs that eventually lead to the decline and death of the organism. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
158158 Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence.: ä Sustain Gonadal Function – GUNA Male/Fem Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
159159 Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging n As the body gets old, the thymus gland involutes beginning from adolescence and, with its decline, the amount of circulating thymic hormones falls dramatically. n Since the thymus is responsible for the differentiation of T cells (the master regulators of immune functioning), the decrease in thymic function would naturally lead to a decreased ability of the immune system to end an attack before the host itself is attacked. The immune system is responsible for discriminating between "self" and "non-self". Degeneration of this system would lead to an increase in autoimmune disorders which are, in fact, seen in the older population. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
160160Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
161161 Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence .: ä Fight Immunologic decay.: – Stimulate Thymic function – GUNA Male/Fem Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
162162 Immunologic Theory of Aging n It is also reasonable to believe that degeneration of the immune system would lead to the opposite problem as well, i.e. decline in the ability of the immune system to identify, attack and destroy pathogenic tissue or antigenic substances. n Again such decline is readily observed in older populations. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
163163 Immunologic Theory of Aging n Immunologic theories also address the loss of effectiveness of the other components of the immune system, primarily killer T cells, B cells, memory cells, complement, macrophage cells, and antibody production/retention. n Although there appears to be an age- associated loss of some functions, such as decline or disappearance of antibodies that have not been challenged for ten years or more and reduction in the vigor in which antibodies are produced in response to new antigenic challenge, it is difficult to tie these changes to an overall theory of aging except where they relate to the regulatory functions of the Thymus-derived cell (T-cell) population. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
164164 Immunologic Theory of Aging n In fact, changes in B cell populations appear to be more quantitative than qualitative in nature. n Older B cells produce antibodies as well as younger ones; there just does not seem to be as many around. Perhaps because they do not replicate as vigorously as they once did when stimulated by T4 cells. n Killer T cells fall in the same category in that what is lost is not the ability to destroy but the direction to do so. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
165165 Immunologic Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence.: ä Regulate immune function – Homepatically diluted Cytokines n GUNA Flam IL-10 n GUNA Matrix IL-6 Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
166166 Guna Flam Suis-OrgansHomeopathic remedies 4X 6X Citricum acidum Natrum pyruvicum Copper gluconate Ferrum phosphoricum Phytolacca decandra Hepar sulphuris calcareum Belladonna Colon 30X 12X 200X Aconitum napellus Apis mellifica 3X Hyphophysis Bryonia alba Pyrogenium Beta Endorphin Pineal gland Catalysts 4C Interleukin 10 Anti Interleukin 1 alpha Melatonin Transforming Growth factor 1 beta HormonesCitokines Trace element Neuro transmitter Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
167167 Guna Matrix 3C 6C DL malic acid Natrum oxalaceticum Natrum pyruvicum Trichinoyl Pyrogenium Fucus vesiculosus Thuya occidentalis Natrum sulphuricum Lymphatic vessel Conjunctiva tissue 12C 8C 30C 200C 2C Tyrosine Prolactin 4C Interleukin 6 Ascorbic acid Nadidum Hyaluro nidase Hormone Catalysts Suis- Organs Homeopathic remedies Dehydro epiandrosteron Lacticum acidum Histidine Phenyl alanine Enzyme Vitamins Cytokines Herbal remedies Amino acids Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
168168 PRM Specific Theoretical and Practical Approach to Aging Phenomenon - Section 4 -
169169 Peculiarity of the PRM approach in Geriatrics n Importance of Pathobiography n Importance of patient's constitution n Importance of Temperament n Importance of the Endocrinologic situation Patient's outline within the PRM Circle Patient's Neurovegetative outline Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
170170 SPIRIT SOUL Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
171171 Fears Traumas Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
172172 Bach Flowers Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
173173 Use of PRM Circle n Importance of Understanding the Disease Level ä Level’s Remedy, from the high dilutions of the constitutional remedy to appropriate supply of Q10 n Importance of Understanding the Organ affected ä Organ’s Remedy (GUNA-Liver, GUNA- Kidney, ANTI AGE Skin, GUNA-Bowel ….. ) Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
174174 Guna Bowel Hormone Suis-Organs Homeopathic remedies 4X 6X Skatolum Cholecalciferol Niacin Thiaminum hydrochloricum Rhamnus frangula AloeCarduus marianus Chelidonium majus Alumina Bryonia Colon 10X 8X 12X Natrum carbonicum Kali carbonicum 2X Rectum Nux vomica Taraxacum officinale Pantothenic acid 30X Vitamins Rheum Herbal remedies Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
175175
176176 Use of the Neurovegetative Poster n Importance of Understanding the Patient Constitution ä Constitutionally Chosen Therapeutic Substances and General Curative Strategy Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
177177 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Goal n To find the Specific Position of the Patient in the Scheme n To take, through a Global Constitutional Therapy the Patient the toward central Equilibrium Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
178178 Therapies According to Costitutional Outline n Specific Unitary Homeopathic Constitutional Remedy n Specific PRM Remedies n Specific Vitamins n Specific Trace Elements n Specific diluted Cytochine n Specific diluted Hormone Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
179179 The Tools of PRM •• Therapeutic GuideTherapeutic Guide •• Computerized PRMComputerized PRM Repertory and MateriaRepertory and Materia Medica ( not yet available )Medica ( not yet available ) •• Scientific Texts :Scientific Texts : Cytokines, PNEI,Cytokines, PNEI, CatalystsCatalysts …….... Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
180180 Some Therapeutic Hints n The DDS anti Aging Scheme.: ä Diet – Reducing global calories – Reducing refined sugars and sweeteners – Reducing saturated-animal derived fats ä Detoxification – Using Herbs – Taking Anti Oxidants – PRM Drainage Remedies ä Stimulation – Using Cell’s Catalysts – Using diluted Quinones – Replacing Trace Elements Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
181181
182182 Long Term Caloric Restriction n LT-CR Opposed Age-Associated Changes in Gene Expression. n LT-CR opposed the age-related increase in expression of 14 of the 20 genes that increased expression in control mice (70%). LT-CR suppressed the increase in 75% (6 of 8 genes) of the inflammatory response genes and delays the onset and diminishes the severity of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in mice. n LT-CR opposed the age-related increase in the expression of 3 of the 5 stress response proteins. Expression of at least 7 chaperones is negatively regulated in response to LT-CR. These data suggest that LT-CR reduces physiological stress on the liver. Together, these effects may explain the delayed onset of hepatoma in LT-CR mice. LT-CR opposed the age- associated decrease in the expression of 13 of the 26 genes that decreased expression in control mice (50%). Many of these genes are responsible for key differentiated functions of the liver. Partial restoration of the hepatic drug metabolizing and detoxifying functions of the liver may be a source of the anti-aging and anticancer effects of LT-CR. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
183183 Short Term Caloric Restriction n Studies show that short-term fasting increased apoptosis of preneoplastic cells and preneoplastic lesions, and reduced rates of chemical carcinogenesis. Thus, CR mimetics might be useful in anticancer therapies. n The effects of ST-CR on the expression of genes associated with xenobiotic metabolism suggest that ST-CR may rapidly restore some differentiated functions in tissues of older animals. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
184184 Anti-aging Therapies n Many of the anti-aging therapies are stimulus therapies that could be dangerous if carried out in patients in an early neoplastic stage Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
185185 Anti-aging Therapies n Radiant therapies, cytostatics, etc. are nothing else than therapies that slow down cells’ activity making them hyposensitive and hyporesponsive, older and less neoplastic Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
186186 Aging problem n Need of a global anti Age PRM approach ä Stimulation ä Detoxification ä Supplementation Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
187187 The Basic General anti Aging Therapy of PRM
188188 Proposed General anti Age PRM Therapy GUNA CellGUNA Cell GUNA MatrixGUNA Matrix GUNA GeriatricsGUNA Geriatrics 10 drops of each morning and evening10 drops of each morning and evening 3 weeks each3 weeks each monthmonth Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
189189 Why do we need GUNA Matrix ? n PRM gives a particular importance to Connective Tissue functions and Matrix role in Pathology and expecially in Aging process. n Matrix is the true “System of basal Regulation”: all the changes in our external and internal environment influence, through the fundamental substance, cellular functions
190190 Physiological Functions of Connective Tissue - Matrix n Structural framework for the body (bone, cartilage) n Transport nutrients and wastes (blood) n Protection for vital organs (bone, cartilage, adipose) n Support and interconnection (tendons, ligaments, capsules) n Communication medium of Cells n Energy storage and production of important cells of blood and lymphatic tissues (adipose tissue, bone marrow) n Body defense and repair (blood, lymph, dense c.t.)
191191 Basic Role of Matrix The communication between cells and external environment takes place through the connectival matrix Huge is the quantity of information that can be stored in the matrix and transmitted to the cells as instructions for their physiological activity. The neurovegetative endings branch out in the matrix through neural and endocrine substances, and cytokines, the psycho-neuro- endocrine-immunologic information coordinates and controls cells’ activity by means of the binding with the cell receptors.
192192 Possible Pathogenetic Role of Matrix in Diseases n A stressors accumulation in this place represents the potential trigger for the beginning and the progression of a pathological process.
193193 Guna Matrix 3X 6X DL malic acid Natrum oxalaceticum Natrum pyruvicum Trichinoyl Pyrogenium Fucus vesiculosus Thuya occidentalis Natrum sulphuricum Lymphatic Vessel Conjunctive Tissue 12X 8X 30X 200C 2X Tyrosine Prolactin 4D Interleukin 6 Ascorbic acid Nadidum Hyaluro nidase Hormone Catalysts Suis- Organs Homeopathic remedies DHEA Lacticum acidum Histidine Phenyl alanine Enzyme Vitamins Cytokines Herbal remedies Amino acids Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
194194
195195 NAD n NAD is a foundamental factor of metabolism of Pyruvic acidum and Cell’s energy production n NAD is the fundamental coenzyme for all the oxidative energy-yielding pathways
196196 C COO- COO- Natrium oxalaceticum n Oxalacetic acid is in connection with Ca2+ transport in mitochondria. n control of Ca2+ levels plays a significant role in enzymatic regulation and energy production. Pathological conditions that result in increased tissue Ca2+ concentrations, such as ischemia, oxidative stress, and excito- and neurotoxicity, involve impairment of the continued ability of Ca2+-regulating organelles, such as sarcolemma, mitochondria, and sarcoplasmic reticulum, to provide long-term control of cellular Ca2+ levels. n The subsequent increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ is widely considered to be a critical initiating event in the development of damage in cells destined to die. n excessive free cytosolic Ca2+ may lead to uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation with consequently decreased ATP synthesis. The resulting inactivity of ATP- dependent pumps would lead to membrane depolarizaiton and further cellular Ca2+ influx in a regenerative and self- potentiating mechanism. n In this context, removal of Ca2+ to the extracellular space and/or uptake into organelles, including mitochondria, work to restore the normal cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, as occurs during the early stages of recirculation after short-term cerebral ischemia. CH 2 O
197197 TRICHYNOIL n Very active stimulating quinon n Activates energy production systems at mythocondrial level n Useful in viral conditions and in low energy conditions n Alone may be too strong and a possible source of free radicals n In low quantities and in sinergic association it is an important factor in cell and tissue reactivity
198198 Hystidine n Several lines of evidence indicate that the histaminergic (HA) system is important for wakefulness and behavioral state regulation.
199199 Hormones and Aging Incidenza di MorteGH ESTROGENI DEL CICLO ESTROGENI BASALI CORTISOLO MELATONINA DHEA ANNI DI VITA 100=VALOREMASSIMO MELATONIN GH DHEA BASAL ESTROGENS CORTISOL Death incidence CYCLE ESTROGENS YEARS OF AGE 100=highestvalue
200200 Prolactin n Prolactin has ä Regulatory function over Appetite and Sexual behaviour acting on dopaminergic neurons in CNS ä Modulatory role in several aspects of immune function n Dopamine serves as the major prolactin-inhibiting factor Agents and drugs that interfere with dopamine secretion or receptor binding lead to enhanced secretion of Prolactin.
201201 Melatonin and Prolactin n Melatonin reduces DHEA at night, this reduction is achieved by inhibitory actions of Melatonin on production of Prolactin. n Prolactin secretion may be shown to specifically stimulate production of DHEA. n When Melatonin release is high, PRL is reduced, which reduces DHEA production.
202202 DHEA and Aging n Production peaks at around age 20, from then on, DHEA level decreases with age. By 65, output drops to 10 to 20 percent, by age 80, it plummets to less than 5 percent The lower DHEA,the greater the risk of death from age-related disease. A close correlation between higher DHEA levels and reduced risk of death from all causes. The men who survived had three times the DHEA levels of the men who died. DHEA has an anti glucocorticoids effects and acts as a potent stimulator of immune system Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
203203 DHEA and Aging Low DHEA levels is a marker for many degenerative diseases and accelerated aging. The hormone has been implicated as a contributing factor in a host of health problems, including Alzheimer's disease, autoimmune disease and other immunological disorders, cancer, chronic fatigue syndrome, diabetes, heart disease, high cholesterol, memory problems, obesity, osteoporosis, and stress disorders. Still DHEA is a sexual hormone and its overexpression can be not advisable in people at risk for breast or prostate carcinomas Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
204204 IL 6 and Aging n IL-6 .: ä Inhibits Hypophysal synthesis of TSH ä Induces at the level of the liver synthesis of pro inflammatory cytokines CRP n The age related increase of IL-6 during aging is also related with the fact that this cytokine is produced from visceral fat tissue, normally increasing with age n Cortisol and stress increase IL-6 secretion Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
205205 IL - 6 n Previously associated with the acute phase response to trauma and infection, when the liver produces increased amounts of "acute phase proteins" which help to deal with bacterial infections, including C- reactive protein, mannan-binding lectin, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, ferritin, ceruloplasmin, alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha1-acid glycoprotein. n Recent work has shown that IL-6 is produced by exercising muscle, when it appears to have anti- inflammatory actions. It may be that IL-6 is involved in the adaptive response to pro-inflammatory signals, and that it may antagonise TNF-α rather than acting in a similar way. This could explain the generally beneficial effects of increased exercise on chronic inflammatory conditions.
206206 Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
207207 DHEA and IL-6 n Data indicate a functional link between DHEA and IL-6. n The increase in IL-6 production during the process of aging might be due to diminished DHEA
208208 Lactic acid n A low quantity of Lactic acid is stimulating the metabolism of the substance and helps regulating the Matrix’s pH , not allowing accumulation of toxins, gelification of medium …
209209 Homeopathic Components of GUNA Matrix
210210 GUNA Matrix n Connective Tissue and Nervous Tissue Drainage ä Thuya 6-12-30-200 X ä Natrum sulphuricum 6-12-30-200 X n Connective Tissue Fluidification and Detoxication ä IL-6 4C, Hyaluronidase, Phenilalanine, Histidine, Tyrosine,Lactic acidum, Fucus vescicolosus n Cell Function Stimulation ä DL-Malicum , Natrum oxalaceticum, Natrum Pyruvicum n Immune Stimulation ä NADID, Ascorbic ac.,Trychynoil , DHEA n Stimulation of Tissues’ Trophism ä PRL, DHEA n Lymphatic Drainage ä Lymphatic vessel- Conjunctive tissue Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
211211 HomeopaticHomeopatic RemediesRemedies HerbalHerbal RemediesRemedies CytokinesCytokines andand Amino acidsAmino acids TOXINS MOBILITATION AND DRAINING PROPERTIES OF GUNA MATRIX Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
212212 Specific anti Aging Therapy n According to .: ä Diseases of the Patient ä Symptoms of the Patient ä Neurovegetative Outline ä Specific Modalities of Aging ä Family Hystory ä Specific Toxicological Hystory and Emuntorial Problems Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
213213 PRM’S GENERAL REMEDIES n GUNA Lympho n GUNA Matrix n GUNA Cell n GUNA Fem n GUNA Male n MADE n GUNA Mood n GUNA Sport n GUNA Trauma n GUNA Arthro n GUNA Flam n GUNA Tonsils n GUNA React n GUNA Flu n GUNA Virus n EUBIOFLOR n CITOMIX n ANTI AGE Stress n ANTI AGE Skin n ANTI AGE Face n ANTI AGE Vein n GUNA Dizzy
214214 PRM’S SPECIFIC REMEDIES n Osteobios n Micox n GUNA TF Herpes n GUNA TF Candida n GUNA TF Papilloma n GUNA Sinus Nose spray n GUNA Rhino Nose spray n GUNA Throat n GUNA Cough n GUNA Allergy Prev n GUNA Allergy Treat n GUNA PMS n GUNA Bowel n GUNA Haemorroids n GUNA Digest n GUNA Stomach n GUNA Liver n GUNA Kidney n GUNA Diur n GUNA Sleep n GUNA Dermo n GUNA Addict 1 n GUNA Addict 2
215215 PRM’S REMEDIES OF AESTHETIC MEDICINE n MADE n OMEOFORMULA 1 n OMEOFORMULA 2 n OMEOFORMULA 3 n OMEOFORMULA 4 Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
216216 MADE Suis-Organs Homeopathic remedies 8X 10X α-Ketoglutaricum acidum Barium oxalsuccinate Cis- Aconitic acid Calcarea phosphorica Natrum Oxala ceticum Pyridoxinum hydrochloricum Galium aparine Collagen 20X 12X 30X HeparGlandula suprarenalis 6X Funiculus umbilicalis Ribo flavinum Mercurius solubilis Ascorbic acid Muscle tissue Catalysts Natrum pyruvicum Placenta totalis Fumaricum acidum Skin tissue Thuya Sulphur Thiaminum Hydro chloricum Magnesium gluconate Manganum phosphoricum Nicotinamidum Hyaluro nidase Vitamins Trace elements Enzyme Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
217217 Examples of Simplified Therapeutic Protocols with PRM - Section 5 -
218218 Hypertension in Aged People n More than half of all 65 aged persons suffer from hypertension. In many, only the systolic blood pressure will be elevated. This is often referred to as isolated systolic hypertension. Treating high systolic blood pressure in older patients significantly decreases the risks for stroke, heart attack and cardiovascular death. n Most people have essential hypertension, which has no identifiable cause. Some think it may be due in part to a genetic predisposition. The probability of developing this condition increases with age. In the last few decades, the risk for high blood pressure has increased because of a decline in healthy life styles. In fact, nine out of 10 persons are at risk for developing hypertension after age 50. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
219219 Hypertension Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
220220 Guna Hypertension 6X 12X 200X 3X Ubichinon Fumaric acidum Natrum pyruvicum Catalysts Glandula suprarenalis Suis-Organs Diencephalon Rauwolfia Spigelia Melilotus Aurum Arnica Plumbum Met.Olea europea Herbal remedies Viscum album Homeopathic remedies Rein 4C Melatonin Hormon Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
221221 Senile Dementia n Dementia affects one out of 20 people over the age of 65 and one out of five over the age of 80. n Over 700,000 people in the UK have dementia. More than half have Alzheimer's Disease. n Although there are many different forms of dementia, the thing they all have in common is that they progressively damage the brain. In most cases the key symptom of dementia is serious memory loss, but others include losing track of the time, getting lost in familiar places and changes in behaviour. Additionally, people with dementia are likely to lose their ability to reason clearly, and may find making decisions very hard. Dementia can also cause personality changes, which can be particularly distressing for those who care for a person with the illness. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
222222 Senile Dementia Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
223223 Senile Depression n Depression affects about one out of eight people over 65. Older people are, in fact, more likely to have mild depression than any other age group. This is not because older age is inherently depressing, but because depression is often a side effect of physical illness and other knocks like bereavement. Whatever lies behind it, depression can seriously affect quality of life, not only for patients but also for their partners and families. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
224224 Guna Awareness 6X 12X 3X Suis-Organs 4C NT3 NT4 Melatonin HormonCitokines Minerals Lobo temporalis Lobo frontalis Rana bufo Silicea Cicuta virosa Cuprum metallicum Aurum metallicum Lachesis Zincum metallicum Homeopathic remedies Va Zn Fe Cr Ca Mb Acido folico Vitamina B12 Trimetilglicina Ubichinon Catalyst Vitamins Ossitocina TRH Hormones BDNF Neuro transmitter Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
225225 Senile Depression Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
226226 Guna Mood Suis-Organs Homeopathic remedies 6X 10X 5 hydroxy tryptophan Tryptophan Pineal gland Salix vitellina 30X 12X 200X 3X Thymus gland Phosphoric acidum Avena sativa Alfalfa 6C Lachesis Ignatia Sepia 30C Salmonella typhi Homeopathic remedies Serotonin Amino acids Neuro transmitter Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
227227 Guna Sleep Homeopathic remedies 4C Valeriana officinalis Chamimilla Helleborus niger 6C Avena sativa Ignatia amara Pulsatilla Melissa officinalis Serotonin Interleukin 1 beta Citokines Pineal gland 6X 12X 30X Suis- Organ Melatonin Neuro transmitter Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
228228 Metabolic Syndrome n Metabolic syndrome increases with aging, and this relation is outlined. n Generally in the elderlies, an increase in fat level and a decrease in skeletal muscle amount are observed. The consumption of sugar decreases by the decrease in muscle amount, and insulin resistance increases. n Various adipocytokines are secreted from fat cells by the increase of visceral fat to increase insulin resistance. There are some reports that when the secretion of TNF-.ALPHA. is increased, insulin resistance increases, and others which support the hypothesis that the lowering of mitochondria function is related to the insulin resistance by aging. On the other hand, there is a report that adiponectine, an adipocytokine with insulin sensitivity potentiation and anti-arteriosclerotic action, which is decreased by visceral fat storage and increased by body weight loss, increases with aging. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
229229 Metabolic Syndrome Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
230230 Guna Lympho 3X 6X Levothyroxin DL malic acid Fumaric acidum Natrum oxalaceticum Natrum pyruvicum Trichinoyl ApisEquisetum hyemale Hydrastis canadensis Hydrocotyle asiatica Calendula Myosotis arvensis Phytolacca decandra Magnesia phosphorica Graphites Lymphatic vessel Capillary tissue 12X 8X Catalysts Hormone 30X 200X Sarsaparilla Juglans regia 1X Suis-Organs Vein Homeopathic remedies Taraxacum officinalis Herbal remedies Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
231231 Malnutrition of Aging n Food intake declines throughout the life span. This physiologic anorexia of aging is caused in part by alterations of stomach-fundus compliance and release and activity of cholecystokin. n The decline in Testosterone in males results in elevated leptin levels that increase the anorexia. n There is also evidence that cytokines play a role in the pathogenesis of anorexia and sarcopenia, thus accelerating the development of frailty in older persons. n Numerous treatable causes of anorexia and weight loss exist. Depression is the most commonly diagnosed cause of pathologic weight loss in elder persons. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
232232Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
233233 Malnutrition of Aging Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
234234 Osteoporosis n Osteoporosis is a loss of bone density among aging adults that can cause painful fractures, disability and deformity. n Osteoporosis affects both sexes but is more frequent among women. It is estimated that about one out of four women and one out of eight men over the age of 50 in Canada have osteoporosis. n Bones are constantly being renewed naturally. But with age, this process becomes less efficient, and bone mineral density is lost.
235235 Osteoporosis
236236 Guna Flam Suis-OrgansHomeopathic remedies 4X 6X Citricum acidum Natrum pyruvicum Copper gluconate Ferrum phosphoricum Phytolacca decandra Hepar sulphuris calcareum Belladonna Colon 30X 12X 200X Aconitum napellus Apis mellifica 3X Hyphophysis Bryonia alba Pyrogenium Beta Endorphin Pineal gland Catalysts 4C Interleukin 10 Anti Interleukin 1 alpha Melatonin Transforming Growth factor 1 beta HormonesCitokines Trace element Neuro transmitter
237237 BenignProstate Hypertrophia n Testosterone is reduced by the enzyme 5-a-reductase to DHT which is then thought to be the real culprit. The argument between the use of Saw Palmetto, Pygeum and Pumpkin seeds vs Proscar are both directed at blocking this enzyme. Strangely, DHT is most important for sexual vigor, so blocking this step may have some unintended consequences! n On the other hand, Testosterone is also converted into estradiol by aromatase (producing the aromatic ring). This occurs increasingly with age in the liver but most importantly ... in the fat stores. n Now you see the connection. As we age, and frequently gain increasing fat stores, we are feeding the aromatase connection, increasing our estradiol levels and if this theory holds, increasing the promotion of prostate disease. n It also raises the interesting possibility, that we find absent in all other discussions (although certainly not proven), that blocking the 5-a-reductase step may actually exacerbate the problem by further increasing estrogen levels which is the initiator of the problem to begin with.
238238 BenignProstate Hypertrophia
239239 Guna Prostate Staphysagria 6X 12X Zn Clematis Chimaphila umbellata Baryta carbonica Conium 30X 200X Agnus castus 3X Suis-Organ Homeopathic remedies Sabal serrulatum Herbal remedies Thuja Digitalis Selenium Ferrum picrinicum Prostata Mineral 4C Interleukin 10 Interleukin 2 Melatonin Transforming Growth factor beta HormonesCitokines Interferon gamma
240240 Constipation of the Elderly n Approximately 20 million people in the western world suffer from chronic constipation. Sufferers are from all walks of life, but constipation is particularly prevalent amongst the aged, paraplegics of the lower limbs, and the chronically ill. Free-Lax is the world's first natural, non-drug, non-invasive, non-habit- forming constipation relief device.
241241 Constipation of the Elderly
242242 Guna Bowel Amino acid Suis-Organs Homeopathic remedies 4X 6X Skatolum Cholecalciferol Niacin Thiaminum hydrochloricum Rhamnus frangula AloeCarduus marianus Chelidonium majus Alumina Bryonia Colon 10X 8X 12X Natrum carbonicum Kali carbonicum 2X Rectum Nux vomica Taraxacum officinale Pantothenic acid 30X Vitamins Rheum Herbal remedies Collinsonia canadensis
243243 Guna Stomach Homeopathic remedies 6X Abies nigra Dioscorrea villosa Anacardium orientale Carbo vegetabilis 10X 8X 12X Bismuthum subnitricum Sympathetic nerve 2X Antimonium crudum Momordica balsamina 30X 200X Ipecacuanha Origanum majorana DopamineArgentum nitricum 4C Epidermal growth factor Stomach 3X Robinia pseudoacacia Herbal remedies Suis-Organs Neuro transmitter Citokin
244244 SIDE EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPY IN THE ELDERLY n Chemotherapy drugs are made to kill fast- growing cells, but because these drugs travel throughout the entire body, they can affect normal, healthy cells, too. Damage to healthy tissue causes side effects. n It's uncertain whether chemotherapy may be less well tolerated by elderly patients. Some issues in aging patients, such as multiple medications and other medical problems, may complicate cancer treatment. A study showed, however, that elderly cancer patients who are not suffering from medical complications can receive the same benefits and levels of toxicity as younger patients.
245245 SIDE EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPY IN THE ELDERLY
246246 Guna Kidney Suis-Organs Homeopathic remedies 2X 3X Methylene blue Quinhydrone Succinicum acidum Proteus Colibacillinum Equisetum hyemale Plantago major Pareira brava Orthosiphon stamineus Kidney 8X 6X 12X Kali nitricum Nitricum acidum 1X Ureter Ononis spinosa Sarsaparilla Solidago virgaurea Urinary bladder Catalysts Mouse-Ear hawkweed Natrum muriaticum Herbal remedies
247247 Guna Liver 4X 6X Fumaricum acidum Natrum oxalaceticum Natrum pyruvicum Ceanothus americanus Chionanthus virginica Kali sulphuricum Natrum sulphuricum Gall bladder Hepar 12X 8X 2X Chelidonium majus Ribo flavinum Cobalamin Niacin Thiaminum hydrochloricum Catalysts Suis-Organs Homeopathic remedies Pyridoxinum hydrochloricum Inositol Carduus marianus Taraxacum Vitamins Jejunum Pancreas SpleenLeptandra virginica Cholinum Lycopodium clavatum Herbal remedies

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Presentación de MRF en geriatría (Dr. Bianchi)

  • 1. 11 Prof. Ivo Bianchi M.D.USA - CANADA June 2008 PRM : The Aging Process and Geriatrics
  • 2. 22 Disclaimer n This lecture is based on Prof. Ivo Bianchi’s own clinical experience and his studies in PRM. n This lecture is not a prescription and we do not accept medical or legal responsibility for misuse of information. Some of the remedies and techniques might not be available in your Country and you must adapt the content to the law of your Country and to the jurisdiction of your licensing board.
  • 3. 33 n Most part of the following presentation is an original creation by Prof. Ivo Bianchi. The slides created by Prof. Bianchi are marked by the copyright symbol ©. n For these slides all rights are reserved and all reproductions are forbidden; it is forbidden altering or removing each mark and the notes of copyright from them as well as using the slides for other purposes without the written consent of the author. All rights reserved
  • 4. 44 Geriatric Medicine and its Social Importance Peculiarities of Aging and Senility - Section 1 -
  • 5. 55 Importance of Geriatric Medicine n By 2030, the proportion of elderly in the United States is estimated to rise to 19.6 percent of the population, up from 12.4 percent today. The need for doctors trained in geriatric medicine will also rise. n The knowledge of the modern internist must be focused on geriatric pathologies and the therapeutic options must be multiple Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 7. 77 Increase of people average life n An increasing interest in the study of Aging Related Diseases Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 8. 88 Most Common Aging Related Diseases Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 9. 99 Peculiarities of Old People n Elderly patients need a continuous administration of remedies n Toxicological problems are in better evidence n Best way : use of Remedies that stimulate Cells’ Reactivity and preserve Organs’ Integrity Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 10. 1010 Peculiarities of Old People n Degenerative diseases in their most complete expression, creating different symptoms and disabilities n Genetic, Constitutional deficiencies express themselves after a certain age when organ structure is deteriorated and is no longer supported by hormonal equilibrium Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 11. 1111 PRM and Aging n PRM Strategy : a New Therapeutical Approach to old Peoples’ care taking into account many peculiar aspects and expressions of this declining period of the life Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 12. 1212 PRM’s Proposals n To work on the most common age related diseases with a Complex Therapeutic Strategy based mostly on Method’s PRM Remedies ä Basic Remedy for age related pathological processes .: GUNA Geriatrics ä Basic Remedy for matrix detoxification .: GUNA Matrix ä Basic Remedy for connective tissue drainage .: GUNA Lympho ä Basic Remedy for cellular activation .: GUNA Cell Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 13. 1313 Common Disabilitating Symptoms among Elderly People Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 14. 1414 PRM’s Proposals n To work on the most common disabilitating symptoms with a Simple Therapeutic Strategy based mostly on Symptomatic PRM Remedies having quick action and no side effects ä Neuralgic Pain .: GUNA Neural ä Arthritic Pain .: GUNA Polyarthritis ä Sleeplesses .: GUNA Sleep ä Haemorrhoids .: GUNA Haemorrhoids Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 15. 1515 General characteristics of old age n Increased individual changeability ä need of a personalized and specific antisenile therapy ä usefulness of a PRM complex and articulated strategy 1/A Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 16. 1616
  • 17. 1717 Mosaic Concept n Different Pictures (Therapeutic Strategy) using the same Stones (Remedies) in different associations and modalities, according to the expression of the Disease and to the Reactivity of the Patient Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 18. 1818 Constitutional Approach n Basic approach for a personalized therapy : Costitutional – Neurovegetative outline Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 20. 2020
  • 21. 2121 PRM’s Proposals n Use of some basic PRM Remedies according to the Constitution of the patient ä Phlegmatic Constitution : – GUNA Lympho ä Choleric Constitution : – GUNA Flam ä Sanguine Constitution : – GUNA Matrix ä Melancholic Constitution : – GUNA Cell Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 22. 2222 Other Practical Therapeutic Consequences n Increased individual changeability ä According to the different associations of pathologies and to the different clinical hystory, even the same chronic degenerative disease has to be treated in a different way ä Hepatic Cyrrhosis – Alcoholic history n GUNA-Liver + GUNA-Kidney – Infective history n GUNA-Virus + GUNA-Matrix – Degenerative history n GUNA-Liver + GUNA-Male/GUNA-Fem 1/B Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 23. 2323 General characteristics of old age n Delayed response to stimuli ä doses and modalities of administration of the remedies should be specific for old age ä advantages of using injections and a major quantity of remedies ä Importance of auto-sanguis therapy 2/A Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 24. 2424 Practical Therapeutic Consequences n Delayed response to stimuli ä Infusion of remedies combinations, PRM associated with homotoxicological and even with conventional remedies ä Use of 2-5 vials for each product and a combination of sometime 4-5 products 2/B Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 25. 2525 PRM’s Proposals n Use of strong injectable revitalizing therapeutic strategies .: ä MADE ä OMEOFORMULA 3 ä OMEOFORMULA 1 Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 26. 2626 General characteristics of old age n Reduced capacity of recovery ä need of a therapy for tissue support ä advantages of using remedies containing catalysts and suis-organ preparations 3/A Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 27. 2727 Practical Therapeutic Consequences n Reduced capacity of recovery ä Large use of preparations such as GUNA-Cell, GUNA-Matrix to stimulate Cell’s and Connective Tissue’s reactivity ä Importance of Organ supporting preparations such as GUNA-Liver, GUNA-Kidney , etc.... 3/B Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 29. 2929 Guna Matrix Natrum oxalaceticum Fucus vesiculosus Natrum sulphuricum 3X 6X DL malic acid Natrum pyruvicum Trichinoyl Pyrogenium Thuya occidentalis Lymphatic vessel Conjunctiva tissue 12X 8X 30X 200X 2X Tyrosine Prolactin 4C Interleukin 6 Ascorbic acid Nadidum Hyaluro nidase Hormone Catalysts Suis- Organs Homeopathic remedies Dehydro epiandrosteron Lacticum acidum Histidine Phenyl alanine Enzyme Vitamins Cytokines Herbal remedies Amino acids Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 32. 3232 General characteristics of old age n Increased sensitivity to endogenous and exogenous stress ä need of a correct drainage and of fundamental homeopathic remedies in order to optimize the psychic reaction 4/A Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 33. 3333 Practical Therapeutic Consequences n Increased sensitivity to endogenous and exogenous stress ä Large use of preparations such as GUNA-Mood and ANTI AGE Stress 4/B Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 34. 3434 General characteristics of old age n Altered regulation of intra- and extracellular control mechanisms ä need to use remedies acting on endocrine system and on the cellular function (GUNA-Male, GUNA-Fem, GUNA-Cell...) 5 Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 35. 3535 General characteristics of old age n Decline of reproductive capacity and gonadic function ä need to support these organs with the extensive use of compound remedies containing suis organ preparations and cellular catalysts 6A Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 36. 3636 Practical Therapeutic Consequences n Decline of the reproductive capacity and the gonadic function ä Large use of preparations such as GUNA-Male and GUNA-Fem 6B Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 37. 3737 General characteristics of old age n Increase of the rate of age-specific death ä need to carry out a drainage, a stimluating therapy, to activate immune defenses and reactivate functions that would be inevitably compromised by old age ä cycles of preventive and maintenance therapies, at least 4 times a year 7 Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 38. 3838 General anti Aging Therapeutic Proposals : Conventional Medicine, Natural Perspectives, PRM - Section 2 -
  • 39. 3939 Tissue TherapyTissue Therapy Nosode TherapyNosode Therapy DrainageDrainage Acute diseaseAcute disease ChronicizedChronicized ReactiveReactive inflammatoryinflammatory DiseasesDiseases ChronicChronic impregnativeimpregnative DiseasesDiseases Health statusHealth status Aging Symptoms Part of a Whole Aging is itself a “chronic disease” Need of a Complex PRM Cocktail Acute diseaseAcute disease Disease grownDisease grown acute againacute again Health status in geriatrics Health status in geriatrics Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 40. 4040 The Cure n Delusions of a Miracle Anti aging Pill Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 41. 4141 Conventional Medicine Proposals in Geriatrics n Invasive and substitute Surgery n Therapy taken to extremes often with tremendous side effects ä Lacking evaluation of patients' Constitution ! Delusions : - SH - DHEA - Melatonin Future Proposals : - Gene Therapy Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 42. 4242 DHEA n DHEA is converted into Testosterone (and estrogen). n These sex hormones and their metabolites promote benign and malignant prostate cell proliferation. n Men with prostate cancer or severe benign prostate hypertrophy are advised to avoid DHEA. n Women with estrogen-dependent cancer should avoid DHEA therapy. n DHEA is risky for individuals with existing liver disease (such as viral hepatitis or cyrrhosis) Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 43. 4343 Melatonin n While there have been no reports of severe adverse reactions from Melatonin, there are concerns that it could cause side effects ranging from hypothermia to dangerous drowsiness, depression, stroke. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 44. 4444 GH n Patients treated in childhood/ early adulthood from 1959 to 1985 with human pituitary GH were followed through for cancer incidence to December 1995 and for mortality through to December 2000 n The overall risk of cancer mortality was increased approximately threefold and from colorectal cancer and Hodgkin's disease (HD) approximately 11-fold. The incidence of colorectal cancer was increased approximately eightfold and both incidences and mortality of colorectal cancer, as well as that of HD, were increased even after excluding patients whose original diagnoses gave them higher risk of cancer. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 45. 4545 EXCRETION REACTION DEPOSITION IMPREGNATION DEGENERATION NEOPLASM MIND SKIN E.N.T NERVOUS Syst. DIENCEPHALON RESPIRAT. Tr. DIGESTIVE Tr. CONNECTIVE T. HEMOGENESIS BONE TISSUE CARDIOV. Syst. LYMPHATIC T. JOINTS-SYNOV. URINARY Syst. SEROUS MEMBR. GENITALIA M. GENITALIA F. MUSCULAR T. Symptomatic Drugs : Temporary Relief of the Symptoms Deepening of the Pathology The suppression of the Reaction Phase caused by Allopathic Medicine leads to the Deposition and Degeneration Phases, that is to chronic diseases SymptomaticSymptomatic MedicationsMedications Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 46. 4646 Gene Therapy n In gene therapy, side effects may originate from ä genetic damage following the insertion of the transgene, ä interference of ectopic transgene expression with cellular signaling networks, ä immune responses evoked by the transgene product, or by aberrant reading frames of the vector. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 47. 4747 New Proposals n Homeopathic and PRM General Proposals Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 48. 4848 PRM in Geriatrics n Careful clinical survey, conventional study too n Careful evaluation of patients Constitution n Compatibility with Conventional therapy when necessary n Great importance of toxins cleaning with Drainage activation Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 49. 4949 Effects of PRM Therapy in Geriatrics n Stimulation of cell and tissue defenses n Cleavage of endogenous and exogenous toxins n Specific stimulation of patients' reactivity n Stop to degenerative tendencies n Stimulation of endocrine glands showing a deficit Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 50. 5050 Advantages of PRM Therapy in Geriatrics n Quite easy formulation of a Therapeutic Strategy n Quick action of the remedies n Possibility to give remedies in different administration ways and forms n Possibility to combine these remedies with Conventional ones n Possibility to combine this therapy with the remedies of Classical Homeopathy Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 51. 5151 Basic Oral anti Aging Remedy : Guna-Geriatrics 6X 3X Suis-Organs 4C NT3 NT4 Melatonin HormonesNeurotrophins Plumbum metallicum Hepar Lobo frontalis Glandula suprarenalis HypothalamusBaryta carbonica Homeopathic Remedies Phenilalanine Thyrosine Oxitocine TRH LH-RH ACTH Acidum DL-malicum Catalysts Acidum pyruvicum Hormones BDNF Parabenzochinon Baryum oxalsuccinicum Arnica IGF-1 Aminoacids Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 54. 5454 Clinical Indications of some Homeopathic Basic Remedies from Practical Materia Medica by Henry Clarke Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 55. 5555 Neurotrophic Growth Factors n Growth factors and their receptors, are important in CNS development. n These same factors seem to play a significant role in the development of CNS neoplasia. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 56. 5656 Neurotrophins n Neurotrophic factors are endogenous proteins that alter the survival, development, maintenance, and differentiation of neurons. n Evidence has indicated that neurotrophic factors may be implicated in the normal functional activity of nerve cells. n These molecules are generally small, soluble proteins with molecular weights between 13 and 24 kDa and are often active as homodimers (1,2). Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 57. 5757 Neurotrophins n Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) The first known neurotrophin, acts predominantly on sympathetic and sensory neurons. n Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Supports motoneuron development and survival in animals and prevents naturally occurring death n Neurotrophin 3 (NT-3) NT-3 is related to NGF and has homology with it. It is found in motorneurons, sympathetic neurons and some peripheral sensory organs. n Neurotrophin 4 (NT-4) NT 4 also is related to NGF and has similar homology. NT-4 is produced in skeletal Muscle but production of NT-4 was found to depend on muscle activity Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 58. 5858 Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) n Acting on certain CNS neurons and on the peripheral nervous system n Helps to support the survival of existing neurons and encourages the growth and differentiation of new neurons and synapses n Active in the Hyppocampus, Cortex, Basal Forebrain areas vital to learning, memory, and higher thinking. n Although the vast majority of neurons in the brain are formed prenatally, parts of the adult brain retain the ability to produce new neurons from neural stem cells in a process known as Neurogenesis Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 59. 5959 Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) n BDNF is one of the most active neurotrophins. Mice born without the ability to make BDNF suffer development defects in the brain and sensory nervous system, and usually die soon after birth, suggesting that BDNF plays an important role in normal neural development n BDNF is actually found not only in the brain but also in a range of tissue and cell types : Retina, Motor neurons, Kidneys and Prostate. n Various studies have shown possible links between low levels of BDNF and conditions such as : Depression, Schyzofrenia, Obsessive Compulsive Disorders, Alzheimer’s Disease, Untington’s Chorea, Rett Syndrome, Dementia, Anorexia and bulimia Nervosa Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 60. 6060 NT-3 : synaptic potentiation NT-4 : synaptic plasticity Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) supports the survival and differentiation of neurones in the central and peripheral nervous systems through a number of mechanisms that occur in a matter of hours or days. NT-3 may also have a more rapid mode of action that influences synaptic activity in mature neurones. NT-3, have been implicated in the regulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity. Neurotrophin 4 (NT4) is required for the synaptic plasticity mediating both tolerance and memory. NT4 may be involved in neural plasticity underlying opiate tolerance Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 61. 6161 Aging and Hormones Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 62. 6262 Hormonal Profile in Aging Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 63. 6363 Anti Aging Hormones Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 64. 6464 Melatonin and Aging n Circulating melatonin decreases with age and in recent years much interest has been focused on its immunomodulatory effect. n Melatonin stimulates the production of progenitor cells for granulocytes- macrophages. It also stimulates the production of NK cells and CD4+ cells and inhibits CD8+ cells. n The production and release of various cytokines from NK cells and T-helper lymphocytes also are enhanced by melatonin. n Melatonin presumably regulates immune function by acting on the immune-opioid network, by affecting G protein-cAMP signal pathway and by regulating intracellular glutathione levels. Melatonin has the potential therapeutic value to enhance immune function in aged individuals and in patients in an immune-compromised state. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 65. 6565 Insuling Growth Factor 1 and Aging n Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are polipeptides with high sequence similarity to insulin n IGF-1 is mainly secreted by the liver as a result of stimulation by GH. n IGF-1 is important for both the regulation of normal physiology, as well as a number of pathological states, including cancer n IGF axis has been shown to play roles in the promotion of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis n Factors that are known to cause variation in the levels IGF-1 in the circulation include an individuals genetic make-up, the time of day, age, sex, exercise, stress levels, genetics, nutrition level and body mass index (BMI), disease state, race, estrogen status and xenobiotic intake. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 66. 6666 ACTH and Aging n It was demonstrated that administration of ACTH led to facilitation of learning and strengthening of memory processes (conditioned reflex traces). ACTH promoted strengthening of movement, orientational-investigative, and intersignal activities, produced hyperalgesia, and blocked the effects of naloxone n ACTH is involved in motivation, learning and memory. n ACTH restores the ability of hypophysectomised rats to acquire an avoidance response in a shuttlebox. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 67. 6767 Anti aging Hormones Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 68. 6868 Oxytocin and Aging n Oxytocin is a mammalian hormone that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain. n Oxytocin is released during orgasm in both sexes. n In the brain, oxytocin is involved in social recognition and bonding, and might be involved in the formation of trust between people, in generosity and in the reduction of fear n Can impair memory retrieval in certain aversive memory tasks. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 69. 6969 TRH and Aging n The brain tripeptide thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has been demonstrated to facilitate cholinergic neurotransmission. n TRH markedly attenuated scopolamine- induced impairment of some measures of memory, most notably on a selective reminding task. n Cognitive studies suggest a facilitatory role for TRH in human memory processes. n Scientific studies suggest that stimulation of TRH may be useful for treatment of age-related emotional disorders and memory disturbance in dementia. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 70. 7070 LH-RH and Aging n Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), is the key reproductive hormone, coordinating the major features of mammalian reproduction n The hypothalamic decapeptide can modulate immune functions directly, through local paracrine–autocrine effects in immune cells, and indirectly through activation of the hypothalamic– pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis n LHRH participates both at central and peripheral levels in the interaction between the neuroendocrine and the immune systems. n The reciprocity of the NEI signaling systems is further supported by the ability of sex steroids to modulate thymus-dependent immune function via direct effects on specific target genes involved in the development of sex-dimorphic immune responses, including the down-regulation of the immune response observed during pregnancy. Widespread therapeutic application for LHRH and its potent agonistic and antagonistic analogues in a large number of pathologies, such as paediatric, gynaecological, urologic and oncologic medicine Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 72. 7272 Thyrosine and aging n Nonessential amino acid synthesized in the body from phenylalanine. As a building block for several important brain chemicals, tyrosine is needed to make epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine, all of which work to regulate mood. n Deficiencies in this amino acid is associated with depression. n Tyrosine also aids in the production of melanin and in the function of the adrenal, thyroid, and pituitary glands. Tyrosine is also involved in the synthesis of enkephalins, substances that have pain-relieving effects in the body. n Low levels of tyrosine have been associated with low blood pressure, low body temperature, and an under active thyroid. n Because tyrosine binds unstable molecules (called free radicals) that can potentially cause damage to the cells and tissues, it is considered a mild antioxidant. Thus, tyrosine may be useful for people who have been exposed to harmful chemicals (such as from smoking) and radiation. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 73. 7373 Phenylalanine and aging n Phenylalanine is used to treat a variety of medical problems. Because some antidepressants work by raising norepinephrine levels, phenylalanine has been used to treat depression n Phenylalanine has been suggested as a treatment for chronic pain caused by rheumatoid arthritis, muscle pain, and osteoarthritis, as it blocks enkephalinase, an enzyme that may act to increase pain levels in the body. There is some evidence to support the use of phenylalanine to alleviate chronic pain Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 74. 7474 Kreb’s Cycle ► Hans A. Krebs first elucidated the process of cells converting food into energy, the Citric Acid Cycle, in 1937. ► Krebs proposed a specific metabolic pathway within the cells to account for the oxidation of carbohydrates, protein and fats Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 75. 7575 Krebs’ Cycle Catalysts ► A deficiency in one or more Krebs’ cycle intermediate catalysts and the consequent inhibition of normal energy production may cause a wide range of metabolic disturbances and symptoms. ► A deficiency of malic acid and fumaric acid is linked to chronic fatigue and psoriasis. ► Disturbances in mitochondrial energy production contribute to a variety of neurological and physical problems. ► Impaired oxidative and energy metabolism are indicators of Alzheimer’s disease. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 76. 7676 Embden Meyerhof Pathway ► When oxygen is unavailable or the Krebs’ cycle is inhibited, the body shifts its energy production from the Krebs’ cycle to the Embden Meyerhof pathway of glycolysis, a very inefficient way of making energy. ► As well as producing far less energy, glycolysis also produces lactic acid as a byproduct. ► Increased lactic acid is a common acidotic condition that can be caused by a variety of metabolic problems and can be the cause or consequence of cancer Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 77. 7777 Kreb’s cycle functions ► Krebs’ cycle metabolizes acetyl coenzyme A into citric acid and then runs through a complex series of biological oxidations, producing free hydrogen ions. A net of two molecules of ATP is created at this stage in the Krebs’ cycle. ► The hydrogen ions then enter a biochemical chain, known as oxidative phosphorylation, which is a highly efficient aerobic energy generator. ► Oxidative phosphorylation generates 36 molecules of ATP during a sequence of steps that combine hydrogen electrons to molecular oxygen to form water. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 78. 7878 Kreb’s cycle functions ► Most of the products of protein, carbohydrates and fat metabolism are reduced to the molecule acetyl coenzyme A that enters the Krebs’ cycle. ► Glucose, the primary fuel in the body, is first metabolized into pyruvic acid and then into acetyl coenzyme A. ► Amino acids and some chained fatty acids can be metabolized into Krebs intermediates and enter the cycle at several points. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 79. 7979 Krebs’ Cycle Shutdown ► Under normal conditions all the reactions in the Krebs’ cycle proceed smoothly and ATP is generated without the excessive production of any harmful byproducts. ► Different conditions, like stress, viral affections, acute diseases.. can alter Krebs’ cycle chemistry, causing it to shut down normal energy production. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 80. 8080 Candida and Kreb’s Cycle Disfunction ► Candida produces toxins, in particular Tartaric acid , competing with Malic acid at the Krebs’ Cycle level ► Candida overgrowth leads to the release of these molecules in large quantity. ► By replacing malic acid, tartaric acid compromises cellular energy production, and is likely to be directly linked to the fatigue and cognitive problems ► Tartaric acid is highly toxic to muscles and the kidneys Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 81. 8181 Krebs’ Cycle and Vitamins ► Interconversions of Krebs’ cycle intermediates are controlled by enzymes that often require vitamin- derived cofactors and minerals to operate. ► For example, pyruvate is the anaerobic breakdown product of glucose. Its further conversion to acetyl-CoA requires cofactors derived from thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, lipoic acid, and pantothenic acid. When these nutrients are deficient, problems result that disrupt mitochondrial energy production Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 82. 8282 Krebs’ Cycle Shutdown ► A deficiency in one or more Krebs’ cycle intermediate catalysts and an inhibition of normal energy production may cause a wide range of metabolic disturbances and symptoms. ► A deficiency of malic acid and fumaric acid is linked to chronic fatigue and psoriasis. ► Disturbances in mitochondrial energy production contribute to a variety of neurological and physical problems. ► Impaired oxidative and energy metabolism are indicators of Alzheimer’s disease. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 83. 8383 Clinical Consequences of Compromised Krebs' cycle functions ChronicizationChronicization TendencyTendency PyruvatePyruvate SuccinylSuccinyl -- CoACoA CisCis AconitaseAconitase alphaalpha-- ketoglutarateketoglutarate MalateMalate OxaloacetateOxaloacetate AllergyAllergy StressStress NeuroNeuro MuscularMuscular PathologiesPathologies BaryumBaryum oxalsuccinicumoxalsuccinicum EndocrineEndocrine agingaging DiabetesDiabetes Energy DeficitEnergy Deficit FumarateFumarateLipidLipid DismetabolismDismetabolism RecurrentRecurrent PathologiesPathologies Bone MarrowBone Marrow’’s Deficits Deficit MgMg MnMn PP ATPATPCitrateCitrate Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 84. 8484 Aging and Krebs’ Cycle Shutdown ► Some neurological symptoms of aging : poor attention, memory loss, lack of concentration and depression, may be related to an impairment in the production of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ► Administering specific Krebs’ cycle amino acid precursors and intermediates to stimulate energy production significantly reduce these symptoms ► Therefore supplying a complete range of Krebs’ cycle factors and lactic acid- buffering agents may be of great benefit in aged people Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 85. 8585 C COO- Pyruvic acid ► Pyruvic acid appears to increase the amount of glucose that enters muscle cells from the circulating blood, increasing muscle endurance, improving cardiac efficiency and promoting fat loss, also increasing both resting metabolic rate and fat utilization. ► This ability of pyruvic acid leads to increases in immediate available energy, as well as increasing stored muscle glycogen levels for future energy. ► In one study pyruvic acid was found to increase glucose extraction by almost 300% and muscle glycogen by 50% after one hour of exercise. CH 3 O Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 86. 8686 C COO - COO- DL malic acid ► Malic acid is involved in energy production from the burning of pyruvic acid. ► Malic acid also aids in exercise recovery by counteracting the buildup of lactic acid. ► Supplementation of malic acid has been reported to reduce symptoms of persistent fatigue, muscular myalgia and arthritic- like pains. CH 2 HHC Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 87. 8787 Baryum Oxalsuccinicum n This salt is a combination of : ä Baryum, anti aging in homeopathic dilution ä Acidum Succinicum, basic metabolite for Krebs’ cycle and for Oxidative phosphorylation Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 88. 8888 Oxidative Phosphorylation n Although the citric acid cycle is considered to be part of aerobic metabolism, it does not itself use oxigen. Only in the final catabolic reactions that take place in the inner mitochondrial membrane molecular oxygen is directly consumed n Nearly all the energy produced from burning carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the earlier stages of their oxidation is initially saved in the form of high energy electrons removed from substrates by NAD and FAD n These electrons, carried by NADH and FADH are combined with O2 by means of the respiratory chain embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane n The large amount of energy is harnessed by the inner membrane to drive the conversion of ADP to ATP Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 92. 9292 Oxydative Phosphorylase Disfunction and Parkinson Disease ► The causes of Parkinson disease are beginning to be defined and include an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. ► An important emerging molecular defect is impaired function of the mitochondrial electron transport chain leading to failure of adenosine triphosphate synthesis. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 93. 9393 Redox potential n Reduction potential (also known as redox potential, oxidation / reduction potential or ORP) is the tendency of a Chemical Species to acquire Electrons and thereby be reduced and to oxidate the substrate n Each species has its own intrinsic reduction potential; the more positive the potential, the greater the species' affinity for electrons and tendency to be reduced. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 94. 9494 Quinones n Quinones consist of mainly benzoquinones, naphthoquinones and anthraquinones. n The greatest feature of quinones is the ability to compose a reversible oxidation- reduction cycle. n The standard redox potentials of quinones are widely distributed from +0.9V to +0.1V. For example, the standard redox potential of the 1,4-benzoquinone is +0.715V, the 1,4- naphthoquinone is +0.485V, and the 9,10- anthraquinone is +0.154V. n The potential of the quinones becomes low by introducing of electron-donating groups such as OH, and with electron-withdrawing groups such as Cl and the potential becomes high Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 95. 9595 Redox Potential of Some Quinones HydrochinonHydrochinon ChinhydronChinhydron UbichinonUbichinon AntrachinonAntrachinon NaphtochinonNaphtochinon ParabenzochinonParabenzochinon IncreasingIncreasing RedoxRedox ActivityActivity 784 mV 576mV 490 mV 370 mV Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 96. 9696 Para-benzochinon Early Aging Pre Cancerous Phases Immunological Deficit Consequences of Stress Oxidative Stimulation Energy Production Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 98. 9898 Organ’s Remedies n PRM uses, as homotoxicology, organ preparations derived from tissues of young and healthy pigs n Recognized similarities between pork tissues and human tissue n Dilution of corresponding pork tissues, will stimulates human organ enchancing function and trophism of the tissue Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 99. 9999 Suis Organs n Similarity but not identity of human and pork tissues ä Precocius aging and steatosis of pork tissues n Therefore : ä Organ Stimulation ä Immune Stimulation Pig’s Liver Human Liver Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 100. 100100 Suis organs in: GUNA-Geriatrics Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 101. 101101 Levels of Geriatric Therapy GUNA Geriatrics Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 102. 102102 Aging Phenomenon and Theories of Aging with PRM’s Therapeutical Proposals - Section 3 -
  • 103. 103103 Aging in Biology n In order to organize a therapeutic strategy for aging related problems, it is necessary to analyze the "aging phenomenon“ within Biology. n Aging, as the other processes, is an evolutionary positive phenomenon related to our specialization and adaptability Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 104. 104104 Aging in Invertebrates n Colonial invertebrates like sponges and corals don't show signs of aging. Even sea anemone that lived for 78 years, show little or no sign of aging. In all these cases, this is probably because there is constant replacement of old cells by new ones as the years go by. n Lobsters also can live to a very old age with no obvious sign of a decline in fecundity or any other physiological process. But lobsters never stop growing, so once again it may be the continuous formation of new cells that keeps the animal going. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 105. 105105 Aging in Vertebrates n Some cold-blooded vertebrates: ä fishes; ä amphibians; ä reptiles n have long life spans if they can survive environmental hazards (some tortoises are known to have reached 150 years of age). n In every case, these animals have no fixed size but continue to grow throughout their life. This, of course, requires a constant supply of new cells, and this may be their secret. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 106. 106106 When do we start aging ? n Aging starts when we stop growing n Full sexual development is the starting point of aging Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 107. 107107 Aging in Medicine n Aging is a syndrome of changes that are deleterious, progressive, universal and thus far irreversible. n Aging changes occur to molecules (DNA, proteins, lipids), to cells and to organs. n Diseases of old age (diseases which increase in frequency with age, such as arthritis, osteoporosis, heart disease, cancer, Alzheimer disease, etc.) are often distinguished from aging per se. n But even if the aging process is distinct from the diseases of aging, it is nonetheless true that the aging process causes changes that increase the probability to develop diseases of old age. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 108. 108108 Cell’s Aging n All cells experience changes with aging. They become larger and are less able to divide and reproduce. Among other changes, there is an increase in pigments and fatty substances inside the cell (lipids). Many cells lose their ability to work, or they begin to work abnormally. n Waste products accumulate in tissue with aging. n A fatty brown pigment called Lipofuxin collects in many tissues, as do other fatty substances. Fig.: Lipofuscin accumulation in aging hearing cells Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 109. 109109 Specialization, Aging and Reproduction capacity Brain cells Hepatic cells Germinal cells Neoplastic cells SpecializationUndifferentiation Reproduction capacity Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 110. 110110 Less reactivity of the elderly cells to mitogenic stimulation Elderly subjects Young subjects PHA 0 PHA 0,1 PHA 1 PHA 5 PHA 10 Incorporationof3H-TdR(cpm) 90.000 60.000 30.000 Aging Speed of cancer cell proliferation Indirect relation between aging and cancer Doses of mitogen (λ / ml) Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 111. 111111 Cellular Aging and Cancer n The slowed growth seen in aging cells does not necessarily protect these cells from becoming cancerous, contrary to general belief. n As people get old, the chance of developing tumors increases, especially from the late 40s. n Although this has been empirically recognized, doctors have failed to prove it scientifically because aging cells lose the ability to divide but cancer cells always divide out of control. n Human gene Bcl-2, which causes the stop of growth or aging of cells does not protect these cells from shifting to explosive cell growth. n Instead, Bcl-2 barred the DNA repair mechanism, depriving the human body of a significant tool in countering mutations, dramatically heightening the likelihood of tumors to appear. n Aged cells suffer from abrupt mutations due to a lack of DNA repair. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 112. 112112 Causes of Adult Mortality Ivo BIANCHI M.D. © Death probabilities Death probabilities Heart ischemic disease Tumors Hepatic cyrrhosis Death causes Accidents Age groups
  • 113. 113113 Theories on Aging n Telomerase n Membrane n Mithocondrial Decline n Genetic n Free Radicals n Cross Linking n Hayflick n Neurological n Neuroendocrine n Immunologic
  • 114. 114114 PRM’s Position n Each Theory is Right for a Specific Patient n Aging Factor are Different for Different Individuals n Therapy must take into account the Specific deteriorating Factor to be cured
  • 115. 115115 Telomerase Theory of Aging n Telomeres (the sequences of nucleic acids extending from the ends of chromosomes), shorten every time a cell divides. n This shortening of telomeres is believed to lead to cellular damage due to the inability of the cell to duplicate itself correctly. n Each time a cell divides, it duplicates itself a little worse than the time before; this eventually leads to cellular dysfunction, aging and indeed death. n Telomeres can be repaired if there is a good level of specific stimulating hormones for that cell Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 116. 116116
  • 117. 117117 Telomerase Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence.: ä Sustain Hormonal Function – GUNA Matrix (DHEA) – GUNA Lympho (Thyroxine) – GUNA Male / GUNA Fem Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 118. 118118 The Membrane Theory of Aging n As we grow old the cell membrane becomes less lipidic (less watery and more solid). This impedes its efficiency to conduct normal function and in particular there is a toxic accumulation. This cellular toxin is referred to as lipofuscin and as we grow old lipofuscin deposits become more present in the brain, heart and lungs and also in the skin. n Indeed some of the skin age-pigments referred to as liver or age-spots are composed of lipofuscin. n It is known that Alzheimer’s Disease patients have much higher levels of lipofuscin deposits than their healthy controls. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 119. 119119 The Membrane Theory of Aging n The cells declining efficiency also means that the essential and regular transfer of sodium and potassium is impaired, thus reducing communication. n It is also believed that electrical and heat transfer is impaired. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 120. 120120 The Membrane Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence.: ä Use Coenzyme Q – ARD Vessels Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 121. 121121 The Mitochondrial Decline Theory of Aging n Mitochondria are the power producing organelles found in every cell of every organ. Their primary task is to create Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) in the various energy cycles Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 122. 122122 The Mitochondrial Decline Theory of Aging n ATP is the life giving chemical substance because every movement, thought and action we do is generated from it. Yet very little ATP can be stored in the body. n Thus it is clear that the mitochondria have to be very efficient and healthy, in order to produce a continuous supply of essential ATP for the necessary cell repair and regenerative processes Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 123. 123123 The Mitochondrial Decline Theory of Aging n Mitochondria are fiery furnaces and subject themselves to a lot of free radicals. They also lack most of the defenses found in other parts of the body, so as we age, mitochondria become less efficient, fewer in number and larger. Accordingly, ATP production declines. n As organs cannot borrow energy from one another, the efficiency of mitochondria is essential to the corresponding organ repair processes and functions. If some particular mitochondria fail, also the organ in which they are located fails (and this of course can lead to death). n Enhancement and protection of the mitochondria is an essential part of preventing and slowing aging. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 124. 124124 The Mitochondrial Decline Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence.: ä Use PRM Compounds to sustain mitochondrial function .: – GUNA Cell Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 126. 126126 Genetic Theory of Aging n Genetic mutation theory hypothesizes that random mutations of cell DNA over countless replications begin to degrade the functional and structural quality of the cells being produced. n This degradation becomes amplified over time as more and more defective cells comprise each organ of the body, resulting in inefficiency and, eventually, inability of the organ to perform its function. n This process supposedly leads to the decline and ultimate death of the entire organism. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 127. 127127 Genetic Theory of Aging n Of the 26 genes that decreased expression with age in control mice, 23% are involved in DNA replication and the cell cycle. Most of these have a negative effect on cell growth and division. n Among these, the product of phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) gene is a tumor suppressor that induces cell-cycle arrest through inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. B cell translocation gene 2 (Btg2) is a tumor suppressor that increases expression in response to DNA damage. n The murine gene product of the amino-terminal enhancer of split (Aes) is a potent corepressor of gene expression and cellular proliferation. n Calcium-binding protein A11 binds to and regulates the activity of annexin II, which is involved in the transduction of calcium-related mitogenic signals. n Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein 1 plays an important role in the negative regulation of the IGF-1 system, a stimulator of mitogenesis. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 128. 128128 Genetic Theory of Aging n Reduced expression of genes discussed above indicates that there is a general loss of negative cell growth control with age. n 78% of the mice of this strain and sex fed the control diet used here die of some form of neoplasia, and the death rate from neoplasia accelerates dramatically with age. n Approximately 21% of these mice die of hepatoma, mostly late in life. n Decreased expression of the negative growth regulators and overexpression of the chaperone genes with age also are consistent with this higher incidence of hepatoma in aged mice.Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 129. 129129 Genetic Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence.: ä DNA and RNA supplements ä Calcium , Folic acid ….supplements – GUNA Cell Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 130. 130130 Free Radicals Theory of Aging n Free radical : any molecule that has a free electron that makes it react with healthy molecules in a destructive way. n Diet, lifestyle, drugs (e.g. tobacco and alcohol) and radiation etc., are all accelerators of free radicals production within the body. n However, there is also a natural production of free-radicals within the body .: production of energy, particularly from the mitochondria . n Oxygen is a potent free-radical producer. n Free radicals are known to attack the structure of cell membranes, which then create metabolic waste products. Such toxic accumulations interfere with cell communication, disturb DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, lower energy levels and generally impede vital chemical processes. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 131. 131131 Free Radicals Theory of Aging n Free radicals can however be transformed by free-radical scavengers (otherwise known as anti-oxidants). Particular anti-oxidants will bind to particular free radicals and help to stabilize them. n Free radicals come in a hierarchy (according to their potential for damage) with the hydroxyl-radical and the superoxide-radical at the top of the list. n It is therefore necessary to take a cross- section of anti-oxidants so that the process of elimination of the free radicals can occur, otherwise higher damage free radicals may be converted into a greater number of lower damage free radicals. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 132. 132132 Free Radicals Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence.: ä Use anti-oxidants including .: – beta carotene, vitamin C, grape seed extract, vitamin E and possibly also stronger substances such as Hydergine, Melatonin and Vinpocetine. – ARD Vessels Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 133. 133133 Cross Linking Theory of Aging n The Cross-Linking Theory of Aging is also referred to as the Glycoxylation Theory of Aging. In this theory it is the binding of glucose to proteins, (a process that occurs under the presence of oxygen) that causes various problems. n Once this binding has occurred the protein becomes impaired and is unable to perform its task efficiently. n Living a longer life is going to lead to the increased possibility of oxygen meeting glucose and proteins and known cross-linking disorders include senile cataract and the appearance of tough, leathery and yellow skin. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 135. 135135 Cross Linking Theory of Aging n The cross-linking of proteins may also be responsible for cardiac enlargement and the hardening of collagen, which may then lead to the increased susceptibility of a cardiac arrest. n Cross linked proteins have also been implicated in renal disorders. n It is also theorized that sugars binding to DNA may cause damage that leads to malformed cells and thus cancer. n The modern diet is of course a very sweet one and we are bombarded with simple sugars from soft drinks and processed foods etc. One obvious example to reduce the risk of cross-linking is to reduce sugar (and also simple carbohydrates) in the diet. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 136. 136136 Some of the most promising substances to inhibit/dissolve AGE-induced crosslinks Ivo BIANCHI M.D. © WARNING In rare cases, GLUCOPHAGE can cause a serious, even life-treathening, side effect : Lactic acidosis.
  • 138. 138138 Cross Linking Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence.: ä Methylglyoxal – In : GUNA Cell ä Diet ä Vit. B1 , Vit. B6 ä GUNA Liver , GUNA Kidney Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 139. 139139 Hayflich Theory of Aging n In 1961, Dr. Hayflick theorized that the human cells ability to divide is limited to approximately 50-times, after which they simply stop dividing (and hence die). n He showed that nutrition has an effect on cells, with overfed cells dividing much faster than underfed cells. n Maybe each time a cell divides it loses some blue- print information. Eventually (after 50-odd times of division) there is simply not enough DNA information available to complete any sort of division Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 140. 140140 Hayflich Theory of Aging n The Hayflick Limit indicates the need to slow down the rate of cell division if we want to live long lives. Cell division can be slowed down by diet and lifestyle etc., but it is also surmised that cell-division can be improved with many of the protocols of the other aging theories described herein. n The use of ribonucleic acids (RNAs, the building- blocks of DNA), improves cell repair processes, enhances cellular capabilities and increases the maximum number of cell divisions in animals and in vitro tests. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 141. 141141 Hayflich Theory of Aging n While it is true that most cells demonstrate a finite ability to divide in tissue culture, this finite limit is still several times longer than the maximum life span of any individual member of the species. n Hence the cellular aging theory fails to explain aging satisfactorily. n Furthermore studies have shown that cells from an old organism grafted into a young organism do not shorten the life span of the young organism. In fact, in most cases, the grafted old cells work and proliferate as "normally" as any other cell in the young organism. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 142. 142142 Hayflich Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic Consequences.: ä Necessity to use drainage-detoxicating Therapies ä Necessity to stimulate DNA reparing processes with DNA-RNA supplements Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 143. 143143 CARNOSINE n Carnosine is an endogenous dipeptide, formed by two amino acids, that prevents ageing of the skin fibroblasts and rejuvenates them. Australian researchers confirmed that carnosine increases the longevity of human fibroblast cells in the laboratory. n Carnosine extended the Hayflick limit by up to an additional 10 times Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 144. 144144 Neurological Theory of Aging n Age-related changes in the hypothalamus, a primitive region of the brain which stimulates the pituitary and has neural connections to the sympathetic nervous system, have been hypothesized as the cause of aging in mammals. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 145. 145145 Neurological Theory of Aging n This theory suggests that aging proceeds at different paces in the separate nuclei of each cell in the hypothalamus. Consequently the function of each area proceeds at different rates, throwing off the synchronized communication within the hypothalamus and throughout the endocrine system. n Another aspect of the theory claims that aging desensitizes the ability of the hypothalamus to respond to negative feedback loops from the endocrine system, such ability being essential to coordinated endocrine functioning. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 146. 146146 Neurological Theory of Aging n Age-related loss of neural tissue in highly specialized areas, such as the hippocampus and the hypothalamus, has been theorized to cause aging. n However any significant loss of tissue in the brain is normally associated with, or preceded by, a disease state or an alteration in systemic events, e.g. a sustained increase in glucocorticoids. n Fortunately there are billions of brain cells and any normal loss of brain tissue has not been shown to impair directly its functioning. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 147. 147147 Neurological Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence.: ä Sustain hypothalamic reactivity – GUNA Male – GUNA Fem Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 149. 149149 Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging n There has been a number of theories targeting a variety of endocrine glands as the main culprit in aging. n One theory suggests that a lowering of pituitary functioning is responsible for aging and points to animal research where severe hypofunction of the pituitary induced involutional changes resembling those of old age. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 150. 150150 Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging n Another theory states just the opposite and claims that hyperfuntioning of the pituitary is the culprit. n This theory refers to animal studies, mainly rats, where surgical, dietary or pharmacological intervention, which lowered pituitary function, extended physiological competence and inhibited the development of some diseases associated with old age, further delaying the onset of aging. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 151. 151151 Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence.: ä Regulate pituitary gland function ä GUNA Male ä GUNA Fem Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 152. 152152 Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging n Other theories point to hypofunctioning of the thyroid and give research evidence that decrements in thyroid hormone levels lead to impaired conversion of T4 and T3 cells, changes in receptor number, increased TSH polymorphism, and appearance of a thyroid inhibitory factor which appears with aging. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 153. 153153 Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence.: ä Fight Thyroiditis and its consequences ä Sustain Thyroid function – GUNA Lympho Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 154. 154154 Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging n The adrenal glands have also been implicated. Programmed aging has been found in certain species such as the Pacific salmon and several species of marsupial mice. n In those cases, the massive increase in the secretion of stress hormones from the adrenal glands is associated with the rapid degeneration of these organisms just prior to death. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 155. 155155 Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging n Recent studies have likewise indicated that chronic administration of glucocorticoids to rats can produce neuron loss in the hippocampus in the same regions that are lost with normal aging. n Removal of the adrenals prevents the age-related loss of neurons in the hippocampus as well as initiates a regeneration of thymic tissue. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 156. 156156 Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence.: ä Fight Stress and its consequences ä Regulate Adrenal function – GUNA Matrix (DHEA) Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 157. 157157 Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging n Other theories hypothesize the location of a biological clock in the gonads, the pineal gland, and the pituitary. The biological clock theories suggest that, as part of the developmental process normally linked with sexual maturity and/or reproduction, hormonal changes occur in specific organs that eventually lead to the decline and death of the organism. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 158. 158158 Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence.: ä Sustain Gonadal Function – GUNA Male/Fem Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 159. 159159 Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging n As the body gets old, the thymus gland involutes beginning from adolescence and, with its decline, the amount of circulating thymic hormones falls dramatically. n Since the thymus is responsible for the differentiation of T cells (the master regulators of immune functioning), the decrease in thymic function would naturally lead to a decreased ability of the immune system to end an attack before the host itself is attacked. The immune system is responsible for discriminating between "self" and "non-self". Degeneration of this system would lead to an increase in autoimmune disorders which are, in fact, seen in the older population. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 161. 161161 Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence .: ä Fight Immunologic decay.: – Stimulate Thymic function – GUNA Male/Fem Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 162. 162162 Immunologic Theory of Aging n It is also reasonable to believe that degeneration of the immune system would lead to the opposite problem as well, i.e. decline in the ability of the immune system to identify, attack and destroy pathogenic tissue or antigenic substances. n Again such decline is readily observed in older populations. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 163. 163163 Immunologic Theory of Aging n Immunologic theories also address the loss of effectiveness of the other components of the immune system, primarily killer T cells, B cells, memory cells, complement, macrophage cells, and antibody production/retention. n Although there appears to be an age- associated loss of some functions, such as decline or disappearance of antibodies that have not been challenged for ten years or more and reduction in the vigor in which antibodies are produced in response to new antigenic challenge, it is difficult to tie these changes to an overall theory of aging except where they relate to the regulatory functions of the Thymus-derived cell (T-cell) population. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 164. 164164 Immunologic Theory of Aging n In fact, changes in B cell populations appear to be more quantitative than qualitative in nature. n Older B cells produce antibodies as well as younger ones; there just does not seem to be as many around. Perhaps because they do not replicate as vigorously as they once did when stimulated by T4 cells. n Killer T cells fall in the same category in that what is lost is not the ability to destroy but the direction to do so. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 165. 165165 Immunologic Theory of Aging n Practical Therapeutic consequence.: ä Regulate immune function – Homepatically diluted Cytokines n GUNA Flam IL-10 n GUNA Matrix IL-6 Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 166. 166166 Guna Flam Suis-OrgansHomeopathic remedies 4X 6X Citricum acidum Natrum pyruvicum Copper gluconate Ferrum phosphoricum Phytolacca decandra Hepar sulphuris calcareum Belladonna Colon 30X 12X 200X Aconitum napellus Apis mellifica 3X Hyphophysis Bryonia alba Pyrogenium Beta Endorphin Pineal gland Catalysts 4C Interleukin 10 Anti Interleukin 1 alpha Melatonin Transforming Growth factor 1 beta HormonesCitokines Trace element Neuro transmitter Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 167. 167167 Guna Matrix 3C 6C DL malic acid Natrum oxalaceticum Natrum pyruvicum Trichinoyl Pyrogenium Fucus vesiculosus Thuya occidentalis Natrum sulphuricum Lymphatic vessel Conjunctiva tissue 12C 8C 30C 200C 2C Tyrosine Prolactin 4C Interleukin 6 Ascorbic acid Nadidum Hyaluro nidase Hormone Catalysts Suis- Organs Homeopathic remedies Dehydro epiandrosteron Lacticum acidum Histidine Phenyl alanine Enzyme Vitamins Cytokines Herbal remedies Amino acids Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 168. 168168 PRM Specific Theoretical and Practical Approach to Aging Phenomenon - Section 4 -
  • 169. 169169 Peculiarity of the PRM approach in Geriatrics n Importance of Pathobiography n Importance of patient's constitution n Importance of Temperament n Importance of the Endocrinologic situation Patient's outline within the PRM Circle Patient's Neurovegetative outline Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 173. 173173 Use of PRM Circle n Importance of Understanding the Disease Level ä Level’s Remedy, from the high dilutions of the constitutional remedy to appropriate supply of Q10 n Importance of Understanding the Organ affected ä Organ’s Remedy (GUNA-Liver, GUNA- Kidney, ANTI AGE Skin, GUNA-Bowel ….. ) Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 175. 175175
  • 176. 176176 Use of the Neurovegetative Poster n Importance of Understanding the Patient Constitution ä Constitutionally Chosen Therapeutic Substances and General Curative Strategy Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 177. 177177 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Goal n To find the Specific Position of the Patient in the Scheme n To take, through a Global Constitutional Therapy the Patient the toward central Equilibrium Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 178. 178178 Therapies According to Costitutional Outline n Specific Unitary Homeopathic Constitutional Remedy n Specific PRM Remedies n Specific Vitamins n Specific Trace Elements n Specific diluted Cytochine n Specific diluted Hormone Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 179. 179179 The Tools of PRM •• Therapeutic GuideTherapeutic Guide •• Computerized PRMComputerized PRM Repertory and MateriaRepertory and Materia Medica ( not yet available )Medica ( not yet available ) •• Scientific Texts :Scientific Texts : Cytokines, PNEI,Cytokines, PNEI, CatalystsCatalysts …….... Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 180. 180180 Some Therapeutic Hints n The DDS anti Aging Scheme.: ä Diet – Reducing global calories – Reducing refined sugars and sweeteners – Reducing saturated-animal derived fats ä Detoxification – Using Herbs – Taking Anti Oxidants – PRM Drainage Remedies ä Stimulation – Using Cell’s Catalysts – Using diluted Quinones – Replacing Trace Elements Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 181. 181181
  • 182. 182182 Long Term Caloric Restriction n LT-CR Opposed Age-Associated Changes in Gene Expression. n LT-CR opposed the age-related increase in expression of 14 of the 20 genes that increased expression in control mice (70%). LT-CR suppressed the increase in 75% (6 of 8 genes) of the inflammatory response genes and delays the onset and diminishes the severity of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in mice. n LT-CR opposed the age-related increase in the expression of 3 of the 5 stress response proteins. Expression of at least 7 chaperones is negatively regulated in response to LT-CR. These data suggest that LT-CR reduces physiological stress on the liver. Together, these effects may explain the delayed onset of hepatoma in LT-CR mice. LT-CR opposed the age- associated decrease in the expression of 13 of the 26 genes that decreased expression in control mice (50%). Many of these genes are responsible for key differentiated functions of the liver. Partial restoration of the hepatic drug metabolizing and detoxifying functions of the liver may be a source of the anti-aging and anticancer effects of LT-CR. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 183. 183183 Short Term Caloric Restriction n Studies show that short-term fasting increased apoptosis of preneoplastic cells and preneoplastic lesions, and reduced rates of chemical carcinogenesis. Thus, CR mimetics might be useful in anticancer therapies. n The effects of ST-CR on the expression of genes associated with xenobiotic metabolism suggest that ST-CR may rapidly restore some differentiated functions in tissues of older animals. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 184. 184184 Anti-aging Therapies n Many of the anti-aging therapies are stimulus therapies that could be dangerous if carried out in patients in an early neoplastic stage Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 185. 185185 Anti-aging Therapies n Radiant therapies, cytostatics, etc. are nothing else than therapies that slow down cells’ activity making them hyposensitive and hyporesponsive, older and less neoplastic Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 186. 186186 Aging problem n Need of a global anti Age PRM approach ä Stimulation ä Detoxification ä Supplementation Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 187. 187187 The Basic General anti Aging Therapy of PRM
  • 188. 188188 Proposed General anti Age PRM Therapy GUNA CellGUNA Cell GUNA MatrixGUNA Matrix GUNA GeriatricsGUNA Geriatrics 10 drops of each morning and evening10 drops of each morning and evening 3 weeks each3 weeks each monthmonth Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 189. 189189 Why do we need GUNA Matrix ? n PRM gives a particular importance to Connective Tissue functions and Matrix role in Pathology and expecially in Aging process. n Matrix is the true “System of basal Regulation”: all the changes in our external and internal environment influence, through the fundamental substance, cellular functions
  • 190. 190190 Physiological Functions of Connective Tissue - Matrix n Structural framework for the body (bone, cartilage) n Transport nutrients and wastes (blood) n Protection for vital organs (bone, cartilage, adipose) n Support and interconnection (tendons, ligaments, capsules) n Communication medium of Cells n Energy storage and production of important cells of blood and lymphatic tissues (adipose tissue, bone marrow) n Body defense and repair (blood, lymph, dense c.t.)
  • 191. 191191 Basic Role of Matrix The communication between cells and external environment takes place through the connectival matrix Huge is the quantity of information that can be stored in the matrix and transmitted to the cells as instructions for their physiological activity. The neurovegetative endings branch out in the matrix through neural and endocrine substances, and cytokines, the psycho-neuro- endocrine-immunologic information coordinates and controls cells’ activity by means of the binding with the cell receptors.
  • 192. 192192 Possible Pathogenetic Role of Matrix in Diseases n A stressors accumulation in this place represents the potential trigger for the beginning and the progression of a pathological process.
  • 193. 193193 Guna Matrix 3X 6X DL malic acid Natrum oxalaceticum Natrum pyruvicum Trichinoyl Pyrogenium Fucus vesiculosus Thuya occidentalis Natrum sulphuricum Lymphatic Vessel Conjunctive Tissue 12X 8X 30X 200C 2X Tyrosine Prolactin 4D Interleukin 6 Ascorbic acid Nadidum Hyaluro nidase Hormone Catalysts Suis- Organs Homeopathic remedies DHEA Lacticum acidum Histidine Phenyl alanine Enzyme Vitamins Cytokines Herbal remedies Amino acids Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 194. 194194
  • 195. 195195 NAD n NAD is a foundamental factor of metabolism of Pyruvic acidum and Cell’s energy production n NAD is the fundamental coenzyme for all the oxidative energy-yielding pathways
  • 196. 196196 C COO- COO- Natrium oxalaceticum n Oxalacetic acid is in connection with Ca2+ transport in mitochondria. n control of Ca2+ levels plays a significant role in enzymatic regulation and energy production. Pathological conditions that result in increased tissue Ca2+ concentrations, such as ischemia, oxidative stress, and excito- and neurotoxicity, involve impairment of the continued ability of Ca2+-regulating organelles, such as sarcolemma, mitochondria, and sarcoplasmic reticulum, to provide long-term control of cellular Ca2+ levels. n The subsequent increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ is widely considered to be a critical initiating event in the development of damage in cells destined to die. n excessive free cytosolic Ca2+ may lead to uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation with consequently decreased ATP synthesis. The resulting inactivity of ATP- dependent pumps would lead to membrane depolarizaiton and further cellular Ca2+ influx in a regenerative and self- potentiating mechanism. n In this context, removal of Ca2+ to the extracellular space and/or uptake into organelles, including mitochondria, work to restore the normal cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, as occurs during the early stages of recirculation after short-term cerebral ischemia. CH 2 O
  • 197. 197197 TRICHYNOIL n Very active stimulating quinon n Activates energy production systems at mythocondrial level n Useful in viral conditions and in low energy conditions n Alone may be too strong and a possible source of free radicals n In low quantities and in sinergic association it is an important factor in cell and tissue reactivity
  • 198. 198198 Hystidine n Several lines of evidence indicate that the histaminergic (HA) system is important for wakefulness and behavioral state regulation.
  • 199. 199199 Hormones and Aging Incidenza di MorteGH ESTROGENI DEL CICLO ESTROGENI BASALI CORTISOLO MELATONINA DHEA ANNI DI VITA 100=VALOREMASSIMO MELATONIN GH DHEA BASAL ESTROGENS CORTISOL Death incidence CYCLE ESTROGENS YEARS OF AGE 100=highestvalue
  • 200. 200200 Prolactin n Prolactin has ä Regulatory function over Appetite and Sexual behaviour acting on dopaminergic neurons in CNS ä Modulatory role in several aspects of immune function n Dopamine serves as the major prolactin-inhibiting factor Agents and drugs that interfere with dopamine secretion or receptor binding lead to enhanced secretion of Prolactin.
  • 201. 201201 Melatonin and Prolactin n Melatonin reduces DHEA at night, this reduction is achieved by inhibitory actions of Melatonin on production of Prolactin. n Prolactin secretion may be shown to specifically stimulate production of DHEA. n When Melatonin release is high, PRL is reduced, which reduces DHEA production.
  • 202. 202202 DHEA and Aging n Production peaks at around age 20, from then on, DHEA level decreases with age. By 65, output drops to 10 to 20 percent, by age 80, it plummets to less than 5 percent The lower DHEA,the greater the risk of death from age-related disease. A close correlation between higher DHEA levels and reduced risk of death from all causes. The men who survived had three times the DHEA levels of the men who died. DHEA has an anti glucocorticoids effects and acts as a potent stimulator of immune system Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 203. 203203 DHEA and Aging Low DHEA levels is a marker for many degenerative diseases and accelerated aging. The hormone has been implicated as a contributing factor in a host of health problems, including Alzheimer's disease, autoimmune disease and other immunological disorders, cancer, chronic fatigue syndrome, diabetes, heart disease, high cholesterol, memory problems, obesity, osteoporosis, and stress disorders. Still DHEA is a sexual hormone and its overexpression can be not advisable in people at risk for breast or prostate carcinomas Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 204. 204204 IL 6 and Aging n IL-6 .: ä Inhibits Hypophysal synthesis of TSH ä Induces at the level of the liver synthesis of pro inflammatory cytokines CRP n The age related increase of IL-6 during aging is also related with the fact that this cytokine is produced from visceral fat tissue, normally increasing with age n Cortisol and stress increase IL-6 secretion Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 205. 205205 IL - 6 n Previously associated with the acute phase response to trauma and infection, when the liver produces increased amounts of "acute phase proteins" which help to deal with bacterial infections, including C- reactive protein, mannan-binding lectin, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, ferritin, ceruloplasmin, alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha1-acid glycoprotein. n Recent work has shown that IL-6 is produced by exercising muscle, when it appears to have anti- inflammatory actions. It may be that IL-6 is involved in the adaptive response to pro-inflammatory signals, and that it may antagonise TNF-α rather than acting in a similar way. This could explain the generally beneficial effects of increased exercise on chronic inflammatory conditions.
  • 207. 207207 DHEA and IL-6 n Data indicate a functional link between DHEA and IL-6. n The increase in IL-6 production during the process of aging might be due to diminished DHEA
  • 208. 208208 Lactic acid n A low quantity of Lactic acid is stimulating the metabolism of the substance and helps regulating the Matrix’s pH , not allowing accumulation of toxins, gelification of medium …
  • 210. 210210 GUNA Matrix n Connective Tissue and Nervous Tissue Drainage ä Thuya 6-12-30-200 X ä Natrum sulphuricum 6-12-30-200 X n Connective Tissue Fluidification and Detoxication ä IL-6 4C, Hyaluronidase, Phenilalanine, Histidine, Tyrosine,Lactic acidum, Fucus vescicolosus n Cell Function Stimulation ä DL-Malicum , Natrum oxalaceticum, Natrum Pyruvicum n Immune Stimulation ä NADID, Ascorbic ac.,Trychynoil , DHEA n Stimulation of Tissues’ Trophism ä PRL, DHEA n Lymphatic Drainage ä Lymphatic vessel- Conjunctive tissue Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 212. 212212 Specific anti Aging Therapy n According to .: ä Diseases of the Patient ä Symptoms of the Patient ä Neurovegetative Outline ä Specific Modalities of Aging ä Family Hystory ä Specific Toxicological Hystory and Emuntorial Problems Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 213. 213213 PRM’S GENERAL REMEDIES n GUNA Lympho n GUNA Matrix n GUNA Cell n GUNA Fem n GUNA Male n MADE n GUNA Mood n GUNA Sport n GUNA Trauma n GUNA Arthro n GUNA Flam n GUNA Tonsils n GUNA React n GUNA Flu n GUNA Virus n EUBIOFLOR n CITOMIX n ANTI AGE Stress n ANTI AGE Skin n ANTI AGE Face n ANTI AGE Vein n GUNA Dizzy
  • 214. 214214 PRM’S SPECIFIC REMEDIES n Osteobios n Micox n GUNA TF Herpes n GUNA TF Candida n GUNA TF Papilloma n GUNA Sinus Nose spray n GUNA Rhino Nose spray n GUNA Throat n GUNA Cough n GUNA Allergy Prev n GUNA Allergy Treat n GUNA PMS n GUNA Bowel n GUNA Haemorroids n GUNA Digest n GUNA Stomach n GUNA Liver n GUNA Kidney n GUNA Diur n GUNA Sleep n GUNA Dermo n GUNA Addict 1 n GUNA Addict 2
  • 215. 215215 PRM’S REMEDIES OF AESTHETIC MEDICINE n MADE n OMEOFORMULA 1 n OMEOFORMULA 2 n OMEOFORMULA 3 n OMEOFORMULA 4 Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 217. 217217 Examples of Simplified Therapeutic Protocols with PRM - Section 5 -
  • 218. 218218 Hypertension in Aged People n More than half of all 65 aged persons suffer from hypertension. In many, only the systolic blood pressure will be elevated. This is often referred to as isolated systolic hypertension. Treating high systolic blood pressure in older patients significantly decreases the risks for stroke, heart attack and cardiovascular death. n Most people have essential hypertension, which has no identifiable cause. Some think it may be due in part to a genetic predisposition. The probability of developing this condition increases with age. In the last few decades, the risk for high blood pressure has increased because of a decline in healthy life styles. In fact, nine out of 10 persons are at risk for developing hypertension after age 50. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 221. 221221 Senile Dementia n Dementia affects one out of 20 people over the age of 65 and one out of five over the age of 80. n Over 700,000 people in the UK have dementia. More than half have Alzheimer's Disease. n Although there are many different forms of dementia, the thing they all have in common is that they progressively damage the brain. In most cases the key symptom of dementia is serious memory loss, but others include losing track of the time, getting lost in familiar places and changes in behaviour. Additionally, people with dementia are likely to lose their ability to reason clearly, and may find making decisions very hard. Dementia can also cause personality changes, which can be particularly distressing for those who care for a person with the illness. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 223. 223223 Senile Depression n Depression affects about one out of eight people over 65. Older people are, in fact, more likely to have mild depression than any other age group. This is not because older age is inherently depressing, but because depression is often a side effect of physical illness and other knocks like bereavement. Whatever lies behind it, depression can seriously affect quality of life, not only for patients but also for their partners and families. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 224. 224224 Guna Awareness 6X 12X 3X Suis-Organs 4C NT3 NT4 Melatonin HormonCitokines Minerals Lobo temporalis Lobo frontalis Rana bufo Silicea Cicuta virosa Cuprum metallicum Aurum metallicum Lachesis Zincum metallicum Homeopathic remedies Va Zn Fe Cr Ca Mb Acido folico Vitamina B12 Trimetilglicina Ubichinon Catalyst Vitamins Ossitocina TRH Hormones BDNF Neuro transmitter Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 228. 228228 Metabolic Syndrome n Metabolic syndrome increases with aging, and this relation is outlined. n Generally in the elderlies, an increase in fat level and a decrease in skeletal muscle amount are observed. The consumption of sugar decreases by the decrease in muscle amount, and insulin resistance increases. n Various adipocytokines are secreted from fat cells by the increase of visceral fat to increase insulin resistance. There are some reports that when the secretion of TNF-.ALPHA. is increased, insulin resistance increases, and others which support the hypothesis that the lowering of mitochondria function is related to the insulin resistance by aging. On the other hand, there is a report that adiponectine, an adipocytokine with insulin sensitivity potentiation and anti-arteriosclerotic action, which is decreased by visceral fat storage and increased by body weight loss, increases with aging. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 231. 231231 Malnutrition of Aging n Food intake declines throughout the life span. This physiologic anorexia of aging is caused in part by alterations of stomach-fundus compliance and release and activity of cholecystokin. n The decline in Testosterone in males results in elevated leptin levels that increase the anorexia. n There is also evidence that cytokines play a role in the pathogenesis of anorexia and sarcopenia, thus accelerating the development of frailty in older persons. n Numerous treatable causes of anorexia and weight loss exist. Depression is the most commonly diagnosed cause of pathologic weight loss in elder persons. Ivo BIANCHI M.D. ©
  • 234. 234234 Osteoporosis n Osteoporosis is a loss of bone density among aging adults that can cause painful fractures, disability and deformity. n Osteoporosis affects both sexes but is more frequent among women. It is estimated that about one out of four women and one out of eight men over the age of 50 in Canada have osteoporosis. n Bones are constantly being renewed naturally. But with age, this process becomes less efficient, and bone mineral density is lost.
  • 236. 236236 Guna Flam Suis-OrgansHomeopathic remedies 4X 6X Citricum acidum Natrum pyruvicum Copper gluconate Ferrum phosphoricum Phytolacca decandra Hepar sulphuris calcareum Belladonna Colon 30X 12X 200X Aconitum napellus Apis mellifica 3X Hyphophysis Bryonia alba Pyrogenium Beta Endorphin Pineal gland Catalysts 4C Interleukin 10 Anti Interleukin 1 alpha Melatonin Transforming Growth factor 1 beta HormonesCitokines Trace element Neuro transmitter
  • 237. 237237 BenignProstate Hypertrophia n Testosterone is reduced by the enzyme 5-a-reductase to DHT which is then thought to be the real culprit. The argument between the use of Saw Palmetto, Pygeum and Pumpkin seeds vs Proscar are both directed at blocking this enzyme. Strangely, DHT is most important for sexual vigor, so blocking this step may have some unintended consequences! n On the other hand, Testosterone is also converted into estradiol by aromatase (producing the aromatic ring). This occurs increasingly with age in the liver but most importantly ... in the fat stores. n Now you see the connection. As we age, and frequently gain increasing fat stores, we are feeding the aromatase connection, increasing our estradiol levels and if this theory holds, increasing the promotion of prostate disease. n It also raises the interesting possibility, that we find absent in all other discussions (although certainly not proven), that blocking the 5-a-reductase step may actually exacerbate the problem by further increasing estrogen levels which is the initiator of the problem to begin with.
  • 239. 239239 Guna Prostate Staphysagria 6X 12X Zn Clematis Chimaphila umbellata Baryta carbonica Conium 30X 200X Agnus castus 3X Suis-Organ Homeopathic remedies Sabal serrulatum Herbal remedies Thuja Digitalis Selenium Ferrum picrinicum Prostata Mineral 4C Interleukin 10 Interleukin 2 Melatonin Transforming Growth factor beta HormonesCitokines Interferon gamma
  • 240. 240240 Constipation of the Elderly n Approximately 20 million people in the western world suffer from chronic constipation. Sufferers are from all walks of life, but constipation is particularly prevalent amongst the aged, paraplegics of the lower limbs, and the chronically ill. Free-Lax is the world's first natural, non-drug, non-invasive, non-habit- forming constipation relief device.
  • 242. 242242 Guna Bowel Amino acid Suis-Organs Homeopathic remedies 4X 6X Skatolum Cholecalciferol Niacin Thiaminum hydrochloricum Rhamnus frangula AloeCarduus marianus Chelidonium majus Alumina Bryonia Colon 10X 8X 12X Natrum carbonicum Kali carbonicum 2X Rectum Nux vomica Taraxacum officinale Pantothenic acid 30X Vitamins Rheum Herbal remedies Collinsonia canadensis
  • 244. 244244 SIDE EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPY IN THE ELDERLY n Chemotherapy drugs are made to kill fast- growing cells, but because these drugs travel throughout the entire body, they can affect normal, healthy cells, too. Damage to healthy tissue causes side effects. n It's uncertain whether chemotherapy may be less well tolerated by elderly patients. Some issues in aging patients, such as multiple medications and other medical problems, may complicate cancer treatment. A study showed, however, that elderly cancer patients who are not suffering from medical complications can receive the same benefits and levels of toxicity as younger patients.
  • 245. 245245 SIDE EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPY IN THE ELDERLY