This my own e-book for business studies.

1. THE REVOLUTION OF
BUSINESS STUDIES FOR
ALL.
LOOKING AT THE BUSINESSWORLD
WITH A DIFFERENT EYE.
N.T SKOSANA.

2. 1
TABLE OF CONTENT.
CHAPTER ONE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS. PAGE
1.1 MICRO ENVIRONMENT…………………………………………………………..2-4.
1.2 MARKET ENVIRONMENTS…………………………………………………….5-6.
1.3 MACRO ENVIRONMENTS……………………………………………………..7
1.4 INTERRELATIONSHIPOFMICRO,MARKET AND MACRO…8-9
CHAPTER TWO BUSINESS SECTORS.
2.1 BUSINESS SECTORS………………………………………………….10
2.2 PRIMARY,SECONDARY ANDTERTIARY SECTOR…..10-11
2.3 FORMAL AND INFORMAL SECTORS………………………..12
2.4 PRIVATEANDPUBLIC SECTORS……………………………….13-14

3. 2
1.1 MICRO ENVIRONMENT.
LEARNING OUTCOMES.
• The various components and features of the micro business environment.
• An introduction to the eight business functions:
o the role and importance of the functions within the business
o the relationship between the business functions
• An in-depth exploration of the general management, administration, financing, purchasing and
public relations functions
• The concept of quality in relation to the various business functions
• The correlation between management and the success of the business in achieving its
objectives
We are all part of an environment. You are part of the school environment. There are
many aspects of the school environment that you can control, for example the number
of hours you spend on homework, sport and socialising with your friends. This is called
the school microenvironment. There are also aspects that you can only control to a
certain degree, such as how the other learners are going to treat you during the day.
This is referred to as the school market environment. However, some aspects cannot be
controlled by you at all, such as the school hours, subjects offered and dress code of
the school. This is known as the macro environment. This situation also applies to a
business, and during these three weeks we are going to explore the various challenges
that the entrepreneur has to deal with in the micro environment.
The internal environment of a business is referred to as the micro environment, which is
the environment within which the business carries out its activities. The micro
environment consists of various components, which are dynamic and contribute to the
business’s strengths and weaknesses. It is important to remember that the business
can control all aspects of the internal environment.

4. 3
Aspect of internal environment (micro environment)
The vision, mission statement, goals and objectives.
Businesses create the vision, mission statement, goals and objectives in the form of
written statements to describe what they hope to achieve and the specific ways in which
short-, medium- and long-term goals can be reached. The vision is a statement that
explains what a business aims to achieve taking into consideration its purpose. For
example, it could be ’to be the best supermarket in South Africa’. The mission explains
the reason for the business’s existence. Goals refer to specific objectives for a particular
period. When setting goals for a business it is important to apply the SMART principles,
namely that the goals must be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely.
Objectives are statements of reachable achievements that help the business to reach its
goals.
Organisational culture.
The culture of the business consists of the different beliefs, expectations and values
shared by everyone working for the enterprise. The culture determines how things are
done. For instance, in some businesses, such as advertising agencies, the culture is
rather informal. In such businesses, people may dress casually and work flexible hours.
In a bank, on the other hand, the staff are required to dress and act in a more formal
manner.
Organisational resources.
Resources are the means available to the business to help it run smoothly. Enterprises
need different types of resources, such as entrepreneurial, human, financial and natural
resources.
Management and leadership.
Workers can only be as effective as the leadership and management of the business.
Management is the process of achieving business goals through planning, organising,
leading and control. Leadership is the process of inspiring and guiding others to achieve
organisational goals. Leaders and managers should motivate their employees, and lead

5. 4
by example by being committed and hardworking. FOR MORE INFORMATION BASED
ON THIS TOPIC FOLLOW THIS LINK:
http:www.thutong.doe.gov.za/ResourceDownload.aspx?id=46212
AFTER GETTING MORE INFORMATION ON THE TOPIC. FOLLOW THE LINK FOR YOUR
ASSESSMENT.
LINK FOR ASSESSMENT: WHICH IS SUMMATIVE AND SELF MARKING:https://kahoot.it
THE GAME PIN IS :831872.
1.2 MARKET ENVIRONMENT.
LEARNING OUTCOMES.
• The different components of the market environment, including:

6. 5
o the market (consumers and customers)
o suppliers
o competitors
o intermediaries and other organisations
• Opportunities and threats faced by businesses.
The components of market environments.
The market environment sits outside the business. This means that it is external to the
business. However, the importance of the market environment is that the business can
affect the market environment as much as the business itself can be impacted by
components of this environment. The market environment consists of a number of
different components.

7. 6
Customers and consumers
Your customers and consumers are important because they keep your business
afloat. The more customers you have, the better your business does.
This is simply because the more customers you have, the more money you
have flowing through your business. It is therefore important to fully understand
the needs of your customers and to satisfy these needs at all times in
order to ensure that the customers return to your business.
Suppliers
Suppliers are other important stakeholders in the running of your business.
Suppliers provide raw materials for you to manufacture your products or
What do I still need to know?
For more information follow the
link:www.thutong.doe.gov.za/ResourceDownload.aspx?id=46212
1.3 MACRO ENVIRONMENT.
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
. Components of macro environments.

8. 7
-Physical environments.
-Economic environment.
-Technological environments.
-Social,cultural and demographic environments
The major external and uncontrollable factors that influences an organisation’s decision
making, and affect its performance and strategies.
Natural/physical environment, economic environment, social, cultural and demographic
environment, the political and legal, the technological and the international Examples of
macro environment influences include competitors, changes in interest rates changes in
cultural tastes, disastrous weather, government regulations.
FOR MORE INFORMATION FOLLOW THE LINK Business Studies Key Concepts and
Principles Grade 10 - 12 - Thutong
After reading your content you have to complete the following quiz by following the link
below: socrative students. You will then click on student login, and the room name is
SKOSANA.
1.4 INTERRELATIONSHIP OF MICRO, MARKET AND
MACRO ENVIRONMENTS.
LEARNING OUTCOMES.
Identification and forecasting phenomena in the environment
Ongoing environmental scanning is essential for strategy formulation

9. 8
Enterprises continuously engage in identifying and forecasting opportunities and threats
Enterprises need to proactively or reactively respond to changing conditions in the
environment
Various sources of information are available to assist with scanning
SWOTs analysis for business environments.
Environmental conditions may be favourable or unfavourable:
. Strength.
Represent favourable ( positive) conditions in micro, market and macro environment.
The strong points of the environment.
. Weakness.
Represent the unfavourable (negative) conditions in the environments.
•Opportunity.
. Represents favourable (positive) conditions in micro, market, macro environments
.Advantageous to firm.
. Threat.
. Represents unfavourable (negative) conditions in
micro, market, macro environments
. Detrimental to firm.
FOR MORE INFORMATION FOLLOW THIS LINK:Business Studies Key Concepts and
Principles Grade 10 - 12 - Thutong.
FOR THE ASSESSMENT FOLLOW THE LINK:GOOGLE FOR
CHAPTER TWO BUSINESS SECTORS.
LEARNING OUTCOMES.
.Primary, secondary and tertiary sectors.

10. 9
. Public sectors and Private sectors.
. Formal and informal sectors.
2.1 BUSINESS SECTORS.
The business is a section of economy related to business and corporate organisations.
The business sector does not include individual or private households, government or
not-for-profit organizations.
Types of business sectors: Primary, secondary and tertiary sectors Public sectors and
Private sectors Formal and informal sectors
2.2 PRIMARY SECTOR.
The primary sector of the economy is the sector of an economy making direct use of
natural resources. This includes agriculture, forestry, fishing and mining. In contrast, the
secondary sector produces manufactured goods, and the tertiary sector produces
services.
SECONDARY SECTOR.
The secondary sector includes industries that produce a finished, usable product or are
involved in construction.
This sector generally takes the output of the primary sector and manufactures finished
goods or where they are suitable for use by other businesses, for export, or sale to
domestic consumers. This sector is often divided into light industry and heavy industry.
Many of these industries consume large quantities of energy and require factories and
machinery to convert the raw materials into goods and products. They also produce
waste materials and waste heat that may cause environmental problems or cause
pollution. The secondary sector supports both the primary and tertiary sector.
TERTIARY SECTOR

11. 10
The tertiary sector of the economy (also known as the tertiary service sector or the
service industry). The service sector consists of the "soft" parts of the economy, i.e.
activities where people offer their knowledge and time to improve productivity,
performance, potential, and sustainability, which is termed as affective labor. The basic
characteristic of this sector is the production of services instead of end products.
Services (also known as "intangible goods") include attention, advice, access,
experience, and discussion. The production of information is generally also regarded as
a service, but some economists now attribute it to a fourth sector, the quaternary sector.
FOR MORE INFORMATION FOLLOW THE LINK:Business Studies Key Concepts and
Principles Grade 10 - 12 - Thutong
2.3 FORMAL AND INFORMAL SECTORS.
INFORMAL SECTOR.
The informal sector, informal economy is the part of an economy that is neither taxed,
nor monitored by any form of government. Unlike the formal economy, activities of the
informal economy are not included in the gross national product (GNP) and gross
domestic product (GDP) of a country.
FORMAL SECTOR.
The formal sector consists of the businesses, enterprises and economic activities that
are monitored, protected and taxed by the government.
FOR MORE INFORMATION WATCH THE FOLLOWING VIDEO:FORMAL AND
INFORMAL SECTOR.
2.4 PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTOR.
PRIVATE SECTORS.

12. 11
The private sector is the part of the economy, sometimes referred to as the citizen
sector, which is run by private individuals or groups, usually as a means of enterprise
for profit, and is not controlled by the State (areas of the economy controlled by the
state being referred to as the public sector).
EXAMPLE OF BUSINESSES OWNED BY PRIVATE SECTORS.
Sole proprietors, Partnerships, Public companies and Private companies
PUBLIC SECTOR.
The public sector is the part of the economy concerned with providing various
governmental services. The composition of the public sector varies by country, but in
most countries the public sector includes such services as the military, police,
infrastructure (public roads, bridges, tunnels, water supply, sewers, electrical
grids,telecommunications, etc.), public transit, public education, along with health care
and those working for the government itself, such as elected officials. The public sector
might provide services that a non-payer cannot be excluded from (such as street
lighting), services which benefit all of society rather than just the individual who uses the
service.
EXAMPLES OF STATE OWNED COMPANIES.
SA Post Office, Transnet 20, Sasol and Eskom
FOR MORE INFORMATION WATCH THE FOLLOWING VIDEO:public and private
sector - Findeen.com
After you have watched the video, you have a summative assessment to do you have to
read and understand the content in chapter two then do you assignment which follows.
There is also a link for the rubric of the assignment that you have to follow when doing
the assignment.
For you assessment follow this link:authentic assessment. The task is will be marked out
of 25.

13. 12
THE LINK FOR THE RUBRIC: RUBRIC
THE CYCLE OF RAW MATERIAL WITHIN THE THREE SECTORS.
The cycle of a product
in all three business
sectors
FOR YOU FINAL ASSESSMENT YOU ARE NOW REQUIRED TO DO YOUR OUR SUMMARY IN A
FORM OF A MIND MAP ABOUT THE WHOLE BOOK USING THE FOLLOWING LINKBubbl.us |
brainstorm and mind map online: click on start brainstorming without signing AFTER THAT USE
YOUR SUMMARY TO WRITE A BOOK REPORT. The marks: 25 marks.
THE ASSESSMENT WILL BE ASSESSED USING THE FOLLOWING RUBRIC: RUBRIC
REFERENCE LIST.
[1] Gallup C. - Emotional economy-the sure way to success - Alfa Publishing House, Bucharest,
2007, p. 159
[2] Smith, P. - Marketing Communications, Second Edition, Kogan Page, London, 1993, p.188
[3] Kotler, Ph. - Marketing Management, Publishing Theory, Bucharest, 1998, p 218

14. 13