its related to physics in transfer of heat

2. • Conduction can only take place within an object or
material, or between two objects that are in direct or
indirect contact with each other. Conduction takes
place in all forms of ponderable matter, such as
solids, liquids, gases and plasmas.

3. • Whether by conduction or by thermal
radiation, heat spontaneously flows from a
hotter to a colder body. In the absence of
external drivers, temperature differences decay
over time, and the bodies approach thermal
equilibrium.

5. • It is the transfer of internal energy by
microscopic diffusion and collisions of
particles or quasi-particles within a body
due to a temperature gradient.
• They include molecules, electrons,
atoms, and phonons. They transfer
disorganized microscopic kinetic and
potential energy, which are jointly
known as internal energy.

6. • conduction that happens when the temperature difference(s)
driving the conduction are constant, so that (after an
equilibration time), the spatial distribution of temperatures
(temperature field) in the conducting object does not change
any further. Thus, all partial derivatives of temperature with
respect to space may either be zero or have nonzero values,
but all derivatives of temperature at any point with respect to
time are uniformly zero. In steady state conduction, the amount
of heat entering any region of an object is equal to amount of
heat coming out (if this were not so, the temperature would be
rising or falling, as thermal energy was tapped or trapped in a
region).

7. • For example, a bar may be cold at one end and
hot at the other, but after a state of steady state
conduction is reached, the spatial gradient of
temperatures along the bar does not change
any further, as time proceeds. Instead, the
temperature at any given section of the rod
remains constant, and this temperature varies
linearly in space, along the direction of heat
transfer.

8. • The theory of relativistic heat conduction is a
model that is compatible with the theory of
special relativity. For most of the last century,
it was recognized that Fourier equation is in
contradiction with the theory of relativity
because it admits an infinite speed of
propagation of heat signals. For example,
according to Fourier equation, a pulse of heat
at the origin would be felt at infinity
instantaneously.

9. • The speed of information propagation is faster
than the speed of light in vacuum, which is
physically inadmissible within the framework
of relativity. Alterations to the Fourier model
provided for a relativistic model of heat
conduction, avoiding this problem.