3. Qlyksa ds fy, iks"kd rRo dh
vko;drk
;fn izkd`frd e`nk ij [ksrh djuk izkjE k fd;k tk;s
H
rks izk;% ;g ik;k tkrk gS fd ikS/ kksa dk fodkl ,oa
Qlyksa dh mit dqN o"kksZ rd larks"ktud jgrs gSa bldk
dkj.k ;g gS fd ,slh e`nk esa izkjE k esa ikS/
H kksa ds
fy, lH vko';d rRo i;kZIr ek=k esa ik;s tkrs gSa] ijUrq
kh
tSls& tSls Qlysa ckj& ckj mxkbZ tkrh gSa rks iks"kd
rRoksa dk 'kks"k.k gksrk jgrk gS ftlls e`nk esa iks"kd
rRoksa dh ek=k ?kVrh tkrh gSA blds dkj.k ikS/ kksa dh
o`f) ,oa Qlyksa dh mit ij izfrdqy izH kko iM+us yxrk
gSA tSls fdlh cSad ls fcuk tek fd;s yxkrkj #i;s fudkys
tk,sa rks ,d ,slk le; vk tk;sxk fd [kkrs esa 'kq# esa
pkgs fdruk gh / D;ksa u tek fd;k x;k gks] lkjk /
ku ku
lekIr gks tk;sxkA B ;gh n’kk feÍh ds iks"kd rRoksa
hd
dh gSA vr% ;g vko’;d gks tkrk gS fd Qlyksa ,oa vU;
dkj.kksa }kjk {kfr gq, iks"kd rRoksa dh iwfrZ [kkn ,oa
4. Qly dk mRiknu eq [ ;r % fe ê h dh
moZjk’kfDr ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
moZjk’kfDr dk fu / kkZj.k fe ê h esa
miyC / k iks"kd rRoksa dh ek = k ij
dh tkrh gSA fe ê h esa miyC / k
iks"kd rRoksa dh deh ds dkj.k
fuEufyf [ kr gSa &
• c <+ rh vkcknh dk Hkkstu iwjk djus
ds fy;s Qlyksa dk vf / kd mRiknu
• 'kq ) ,oa vf / kd iks"kd rRoksa dh
ek = k okys jklk;fud moZjdksa dk
vlarqfyr mi;ksx
• [ ksrh dk ;kaf = dj.k vf / kd gksus ds
dkj.k tkuoj ikyus dh izo ` fr dk de
gksuk
5. lesfdr iks"k.k izcU/ Qlyksa esa iks"kd
ku
rRo mi;ksx dh og rduhd gS ftlesa lH vko’;d
kh
iks"kd rRoksa dks larqfyr :i ls ikS/ kksa dks
miyC/ djk;k tkrk gS vkSj blesa izk;% jklk;fud
k
moZjdksa dk O;ogkj tSfod inkF kksZa ds lkF k
feykdj fd;k tkrk gSA jklk;fud moZjd ds iz;ksx ls
ikS/kksa dks flQZ ,d ;k nks iks"kd rRo tcfd tSfod
inkF kksZa esa lH kh vko’;d rRo de ek=k esa
miyC/ gksrs gSaA ijUrq vk;s fnu moZjdks dk
k
vH kko ,oa ewY;ksa esa o`f) gks jgh gS lkF ghk
budh mi;ksfxrk {kerk H de gksrh gSA vr%
kh
jklk;fud moZjd dks tSfod inkF kksZa ds lkF k
feykdj O;ogkj djus ls jklk;fud moZjd ij fuH kZjrk
esa deh] moZjd dh mi;ksfxrk {kerk esa o`f)
6. lesfdr iks"k.k izcU/ ds }kjk Ñf"k mRiknu esa
ku
moZjd dh [kir ,oa iwath dks cpkrs gq, vf/ mit ys
kd
ldrs gSaA bl izdkj vYi moZjd ds mfpr mi;ksx ls Hkh
vf/ mit izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA tSfod [kknksa dk
kd
izH kko yE le; rd jgrk gSA blls cyqvkgh feêh esa
cs
ikuh ,oa iks"kd rRoksa ds /kkj.k djus dh {kerk Hkh
c<+ tkrh gSA tSfod [kkn feêh dh lajpuk dks B hd
djrk gSA ;g feêh ds ftok.kqvksa dh la[;k esa H kh
o`f) djrk gSA
bl izdkj ge thok.kq [kkn] tSfod [kkn] Qly
vo'ks"k ,oa gjh [kkn dk iz;ksx moZjdksa ds lkF k
feykdj djsa rks vf/ ls vf/ ykH feysxkA
kd kd k
7. ikS/kksa ds fy, tks rR tks vko’;d ekus tkrs gSa vudk
o
fu.kZ; rhu fl)kUrksa ij fuHkZj djrh gS %
1 ;fn dksbZ rR ikS/
o kksa ds fy, vko’;d gS rks ml rR dh
o
deh ds dkj.k ikS/kksa dk thou pØ ,oa tuu izfØ;k iwjh
ugh gks ikrh gSA
2 fdlh vko’;d rRo dh deh dh iwfrZ dsoy mlh rRo ds }
kjk gks ldrh gS] vU; ls ughaA
3 dksbZ H rR rH vko’;d ekuk tkrk gS tc og rR
kh o kh o
ikS/kksa ds iks"k.k esa izR;{k Hkkx ysaA
mi;qZDr fl)kUrksa ds vuqlkj vko’;d iks"kd rRoksa dk
oxhZdj.k fuE #i ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA
u
izkF kfed ¼ewy½ rRo %& ukbVªkstu] QkL Qksjl]
iksVk’kA
f}rh;d ¼xkS.k½ iks"kd rR %& dSfYl;e] eSXuhf’k;e]
o
xa/ kdA
lw{e iks"kd rR %& tL rkack] cksjku] yksgk]
o rk]
10. Potato Plant in Sand Culture
Complete mineral nutrient
Growth normal; foliage healthy green
color.
Potato Plant in Sand nitrogen deficient
Culture leaf, pale green
Nitrogen deficiency and yellow
Growth severely tinted, contrasted
restricted, few stems; with left, normal
yellowing of older green leaf with
foliage. ample nitrogen
supply.
11. LQqj
;g ikS/ks ds fofHkUu fØ;kvksa dks laikfnr djrh gS
tSls dksf’ kdk foHkktu] vPNs tM+ dk fodkl ,oa le; ls
Qlyksa dk ,d leku:i ls idukA ;g ,-Mh-ih- ,oa ,-Vh-ih-
dk ?kVd gSA
•;g ikS/kksa dh o`f) fo'ks"kdj tM+ksa dh o`f) esa
vf/kd lgk;d gksrk gSA
•;g nyguh Qlyksa esa xzfUFk;ksa dks c<+krk gSA
•;g vf/kd dYyksa ds QwVus esa enn djrk gSA
•;g izdk'k la'ys"k.k esa lgk;d gksrk gSA
•dksf'kdk c¡Vokjs esa mi;ksxh gksrk gSA
•us=tu ds mi;ksx esa lgk;d gksrk gSA
LQqj dh deh ds y{ k.k loZizFke ikS/ks ds iqjkuh
ifÙk;ksa ij izdV gksrh gSA ifÙk;ksa dk gjk jax yky
jax esa cny tkrk gSA ikS/ks esa dYys de fudyrs gSaA
12. Phosphorus deficiency
Leaflets, lustreless green,
Growth thin, few stems;
marginal scorch and forward
leaflets marginal scorch,
curling of margins
older leaves shed.
13. iksVSf’k;e
ikS/ks esa fofHkUu fØ;kvksa dk laiknu bldh mifLFkfr esa
gksrh gSA tSls fofHkUu izdkj dh butkbe dh fØ;k’ khyrk dks c<+kuk]
dkcksZgkbMªsV ,oa izksVhu ds esVkcksfyTe esa Hkkx ysuk]
LVksesVk dks fu;af=r djuk ,oa ikuh dk ikS/kksa } kjk mfpr mi;ksx
djukA ;g ikS/ks dks chekjh ,oa dhM+s ds izdksi ls cpkrk gSA
•;g tM+ksa dks etcwrh iznku djrk gS rFkk lw[kus ls cpkrk gSA
•'kDdj vkSj LVkpZ ds lapj.k esa lgk;d gksrk gSA
•ikS/ks esa ikuh dh deh dks lgus esa enn djrk gSA
•;g ikS/ks esa izksVhu dk c<+krk gSA
•ikS/k dks fcekfj;ksa ds izfr lgu'khyrk iznku djrk gSA
•;g ikS/ks dks fxjus ls cpkrk gSA
bldh deh ls iqjkus ifÙk;ksa ds 'kh"kZ Hkkx ls ifÙk;ksa ds nksuks
fdukjs Hkwjs jax dk gks tkrk gSA tSls yxrk gS fd ifÙk;ksa dk
nksuks fdukjs ty x;k gksA blls ikS/ks dk fodkl /khek gks tkrk gSA
ikS/ks dk MaBy detksj gks tkrk gS ,oa fxjus dh izo`fr gks tkrh gSA
ikS/ks ij chekjh ,oa dhM+s dk izdksi c<+ tkrk gSA Qly dh de mit
gksrh gS ,oa vUu dk nkuk Hkh iq"V ugha fudyrk gSA
14. Growth tends to be "Bronzing" due to brown Leaflets bluish green,
squat and bushy; spotting, and scorching slight intervenal
leaflets bluish green of leaves. chlorosis and backward
and slight intervenal curling of margins;
chlorosis, marginal intervenal spotting,
scorch and brown marginal scorching
spots on under
surface.
16. Calcium deficiency
Growth fairly good; bushy appearance; young
leaflets small, slightly chlorotic, forward roll
and marginal scorch. This plant failed to form
tubers of appreciable size
Field plant. Bushy growth Field view showing calcium
Top: calcium omitted, tubers
habit, thin shoots, small deficiency induced by
dwarfed and useless;
terminal leaves and heavy potassic manuring
bottom: complete mineral
scorched leaflets. on acid soil
nutrient, tubers normal
17. eSxuhf'k;e
•;g DyksjksfQy dk ,d vo;o gSA
•blds fcuk dksbZ ikS/kk gjk ugha jg ldrkA
•;g ok;q ls dkcZu MkbvkDlkbM ysdj iÙkksa } kjk
'kdZjk ds fuek.kZ esa lgk;rk djrk gSA
•;g chtksa esa QkLQksjl ds LFkkukUrj.k esa
egRoiw.kZ dk;Z djrk gSA
bldks dHkh vf/kdrj mu vEyh; ,oa cyqbZ feêh;ksa esa
gksrh gS] tgkWa eSxfuf’ k;e vklkuh ls fuNkfyr gks
tkrs gSaA bldh deh iwjkus iRrksa ij 'kq: gksrh gSA
blesa f’ kjkvksa dks NksM+ dj ifRr;ksa ihyh iM+us
yxrh gS ftls vUrj & f’ kjk gfjrek gkzl jgrs gSA
18. Field view. Leaves pale green,
Potato Leaf
central intervenal chlorosis
Magnesium deficiency
followed by necrosis and
Central intervenal necrosis pattern
withering.
19. xa/ kd
nygu ,oa rsygu Qly dks bldh fo'ks"k vko’ ;drk gksrh gSA ;g
ikS/ks esa izksVhu tSls fllVhu] fllVkbu ,oa ehfFk;ksuhu dk
fuekZ.k djrh gSA ljlksa rsy ,oa I;kt esa >kaliu blh xa/kd ds dkj.k
gksrh gSA
•izksVhu dk ,d egRoiw.kZ ÄVd gksus ds dkj.k xa/kd ikS/kksa
ds fy, vR;Ur vko’ ;d gksrk gSA
•DyksjksfQy ds fuek.kZ esa lgk;d gksrk gSA
•blls I;kt rFkk yglqu vkfn ewy dUn okyh Qlyksa dh mit esa
o`f) gksrh gSA
•ikS/kksa esa lqxfU/kr rsyksa ds fuekZ.k esa ,d vko’ ;d rRo
gksrk gSA
•rsyguh Qlyksa esa rsy dh o`f) esa bldk egRoiw.kZ dk;Z gSA
ikS/ks esa xa/kd dh deh ds y{ k.k us=tu dh deh ls feyrs& tqyrs
gSaA bldh deh ls loZizFke ikS/ks dh uohu ifÙk;k¡ ihys jax dh
gks tkrh gS vkSj us=tu Mkyus ds ckotwn Hkh ;g y{ k.k cuk jgrk
gSA ikS/ks dk fodkl :d tkrk gSA nyguh Qlyksa dh tM+ksa esa
bldh deh ls Bhd ls xk¡B ugh curh gS vkSj ikS/kksa esa us=tu dk
fLFkjhdj.k Hkh de gks tkrk gSA
20. Whenever the S status of growing plants drops
below the critical level required, visual symptoms
of S deficiency start appearing on the plant. The
appearance of such symptoms indicates a serious
condition because crop yields can decrease even
without the appearance of such symptoms.
<----- Tomato plant with S (L), without S (R)