The presentation on ecosystem their types and population

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2. By
Muhammad Kashif & Muhammad younas(youni bhai)
BS Education 7th semester
University of Swat
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4.  Ecosystem
 Everything that exists in a particular environment
 The whole group of living and nonliving things that
make up an environment and affect each other
 Ecosystem is the basic functional unit of ecology.
The term ecosystem is coined form a Greek word
meaning study of home.
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5. TYPES OF ECOSYSTEM
Natural ecosystem
Natural ecosystems operate themselves under natural
conditions. Based on habitat types, it can be further
classified into three types.
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Terrestrial ecosystem is related to land.

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9. Aquatic
ecosystem is
further
classified into
two types
 (A)Fresh water ecosystem
 Running water ecosystems
 Examples Rivers, Streams
 (b) Standing water ecosystems
 Examples Pond, lake
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11. ATRUCTURE AND COMPONENTS OF
ECOSYSTEM
The term structure refers to
the various components. So the
structure of an ecosystem
explains the relationship
between the abiotic (non –
living) and the biotic (living)
components. An ecosystem has
two major components
•Biotic (living) components
•A biotic (non living) components
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13. Classification
biotic
components
The members
of biotic
components of
an ecosystem
are grouped in
to three based
on how they
get food.
•Producer
(plants)
•Consumer
(Animals)
•Decomposers
(Micro-
organisms)
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18.  Decomposers attack the dead bodies of
producers and consumers and decompose
them into simpler compounds
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21. Predation is when one
organism eats another
organism to obtain nutrients.
The organism that is eaten is
called the prey. Examples of
predation are owls that eat
mice, and lions that eats
goat, cow etc.
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Competition is when individuals or
populations compete for the same
resource, and can occur within or
between species. When organisms
compete for a resource (such as food
or building materials)

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27.  All elements, individuals, or units that meet
the selection criteria for a group to be
studied, and from which a representative
sample is taken for detailed examination.
The total of all populations is called a
universe
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28.  In biology or human geography, population
growth is the increase in the number of
individuals in a population.
 The population growth rate expresses the
change in population size as a factor of time.
Typically, both for human and non-human
populations, we want to know the average
annual growth rate. This gives us more
information than stating the exact
population growth for the entire time period,
and allows us to better predict future years
of growth or decline for the population.
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29.  The standard formula for calculating growth
rate is:
 Gr= N / t
 Here, Gr is the growth rate expressed as a
number of individuals. N is the total change
in population size for the entire time period,
also expressed as a number of individuals. t
is time, usually expressed in number of
years.
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30.  To calculate the overall growth rate, you
first have to figure out N. This is done by
subtracting the initial population (or P1)
from the current population, or the
population at the end of the time period you
are using (or P2). Therefore:
 N= P2 - P1
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31. Thank you
Any question
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