The Ring programming language version 1.8 book - Part 198 of 202

1. Ring Documentation, Release 1.8
• void glTexSubImage1D(GLenum target,GLint level,GLint xoffset,GLsizei width,GLenum format,GLenum
type,const GLvoid * data)
• void glTexSubImage2D(GLenum target,GLint level,GLint xoffset,GLint yoffset,GLsizei width,GLsizei
height,GLenum format,GLenum type,const GLvoid * data)
• void glTexSubImage3D(GLenum target,GLint level,GLint xoffset,GLint yoffset,GLint zoffset,GLsizei
width,GLsizei height,GLsizei depth,GLenum format,GLenum type,const GLvoid * data)
• void glTranslated(GLdouble x,GLdouble y,GLdouble z)
• void glTranslatef(GLfloat x,GLfloat y,GLfloat z)
• void glUniform1f(GLint location,GLfloat v0)
• void glUniform2f(GLint location,GLfloat v0,GLfloat v1)
• void glUniform3f(GLint location,GLfloat v0,GLfloat v1,GLfloat v2)
• void glUniform4f(GLint location,GLfloat v0,GLfloat v1,GLfloat v2,GLfloat v3)
• void glUniform1i(GLint location,GLint v0)
• void glUniform2i(GLint location,GLint v0,GLint v1)
• void glUniform3i(GLint location,GLint v0,GLint v1,GLint v2)
• void glUniform4i(GLint location,GLint v0,GLint v1,GLint v2,GLint v3)
• void glUniform1fv(GLint location,GLsizei count,const GLfloat *value)
• void glUniform2fv(GLint location,GLsizei count,const GLfloat *value)
• void glUniform3fv(GLint location,GLsizei count,const GLfloat *value)
• void glUniform4fv(GLint location,GLsizei count,const GLfloat *value)
• void glUniform1iv(GLint location,GLsizei count,const GLint *value)
• void glUniform2iv(GLint location,GLsizei count,const GLint *value)
• void glUniform3iv(GLint location,GLsizei count,const GLint *value)
• void glUniform4iv(GLint location,GLsizei count,const GLint *value)
• void glUniformMatrix2fv(GLint location,GLsizei count,GLboolean transpose,const GLfloat *value)
• void glUniformMatrix3fv(GLint location,GLsizei count,GLboolean transpose,const GLfloat *value)
• void glUniformMatrix4fv(GLint location,GLsizei count,GLboolean transpose,const GLfloat *value)
• void glUniformMatrix2x3fv(GLint location,GLsizei count,GLboolean transpose,const GLfloat *value)
• void glUniformMatrix3x2fv(GLint location,GLsizei count,GLboolean transpose,const GLfloat *value)
• void glUniformMatrix2x4fv(GLint location,GLsizei count,GLboolean transpose,const GLfloat *value)
• void glUniformMatrix4x2fv(GLint location,GLsizei count,GLboolean transpose,const GLfloat *value)
• void glUniformMatrix3x4fv(GLint location,GLsizei count,GLboolean transpose,const GLfloat *value)
• void glUniformMatrix4x3fv(GLint location,GLsizei count,GLboolean transpose,const GLfloat *value)
• void glUseProgram(GLuint program)
• void glValidateProgram(GLuint program)
• void glVertex2s(GLshort x,GLshort y)
• void glVertex2i(GLint x,GLint y)
1941

2. Ring Documentation, Release 1.8
• void glVertex2f(GLfloat x,GLfloat y)
• void glVertex2d(GLdouble x,GLdouble y)
• void glVertex3s(GLshort x,GLshort y,GLshort z)
• void glVertex3i(GLint x,GLint y,GLint z)
• void glVertex3f(GLfloat x,GLfloat y,GLfloat z)
• void glVertex3d(GLdouble x,GLdouble y,GLdouble z)
• void glVertex4s(GLshort x,GLshort y,GLshort z,GLshort w)
• void glVertex4i(GLint x,GLint y,GLint z,GLint w)
• void glVertex4f(GLfloat x,GLfloat y,GLfloat z,GLfloat w)
• void glVertex4d(GLdouble x,GLdouble y,GLdouble z,GLdouble w)
• void glVertex2sv(const GLshort * v)
• void glVertex2iv(const GLint * v)
• void glVertex2fv(const GLfloat * v)
• void glVertex2dv(const GLdouble * v)
• void glVertex3sv(const GLshort * v)
• void glVertex3iv(const GLint * v)
• void glVertex3fv(const GLfloat * v)
• void glVertex3dv(const GLdouble * v)
• void glVertex4sv(const GLshort * v)
• void glVertex4iv(const GLint * v)
• void glVertex4fv(const GLfloat * v)
• void glVertex4dv(const GLdouble * v)
• void glVertexAttrib1f(GLuint index,GLfloat v0)
• void glVertexAttrib1s(GLuint index,GLshort v0)
• void glVertexAttrib1d(GLuint index,GLdouble v0)
• void glVertexAttrib2f(GLuint index,GLfloat v0,GLfloat v1)
• void glVertexAttrib2s(GLuint index,GLshort v0,GLshort v1)
• void glVertexAttrib2d(GLuint index,GLdouble v0,GLdouble v1)
• void glVertexAttrib3f(GLuint index,GLfloat v0,GLfloat v1,GLfloat v2)
• void glVertexAttrib3s(GLuint index,GLshort v0,GLshort v1,GLshort v2)
• void glVertexAttrib3d(GLuint index,GLdouble v0,GLdouble v1,GLdouble v2)
• void glVertexAttrib4f(GLuint index,GLfloat v0,GLfloat v1,GLfloat v2,GLfloat v3)
• void glVertexAttrib4s(GLuint index,GLshort v0,GLshort v1,GLshort v2,GLshort v3)
• void glVertexAttrib4d(GLuint index,GLdouble v0,GLdouble v1,GLdouble v2,GLdouble v3)
• void glVertexAttrib4Nub(GLuint index,GLubyte v0,GLubyte v1,GLubyte v2,GLubyte v3)
• void glVertexAttrib1fv(GLuint index,const GLfloat *v)
1942

3. Ring Documentation, Release 1.8
• void glVertexAttrib1sv(GLuint index,const GLshort *v)
• void glVertexAttrib1dv(GLuint index,const GLdouble *v)
• void glVertexAttrib2fv(GLuint index,const GLfloat *v)
• void glVertexAttrib2sv(GLuint index,const GLshort *v)
• void glVertexAttrib2dv(GLuint index,const GLdouble *v)
• void glVertexAttrib3fv(GLuint index,const GLfloat *v)
• void glVertexAttrib3sv(GLuint index,const GLshort *v)
• void glVertexAttrib3dv(GLuint index,const GLdouble *v)
• void glVertexAttrib4fv(GLuint index,const GLfloat *v)
• void glVertexAttrib4sv(GLuint index,const GLshort *v)
• void glVertexAttrib4dv(GLuint index,const GLdouble *v)
• void glVertexAttrib4iv(GLuint index,const GLint *v)
• void glVertexAttrib4bv(GLuint index,const GLbyte *v)
• void glVertexAttrib4ubv(GLuint index,const GLubyte *v)
• void glVertexAttrib4usv(GLuint index,const GLushort *v)
• void glVertexAttrib4uiv(GLuint index,const GLuint *v)
• void glVertexAttribPointer(GLuint index,GLint size,GLenum type,GLboolean normalized,GLsizei stride,const
GLvoid * pointer)
• void glVertexPointer(GLint size,GLenum type,GLsizei stride,const GLvoid * pointer)
• void glViewport(GLint x,GLint y,GLsizei width,GLsizei height)
• void glWindowPos2s(GLshort x,GLshort y)
• void glWindowPos2i(GLint x,GLint y)
• void glWindowPos2f(GLfloat x,GLfloat y)
• void glWindowPos2d(GLdouble x,GLdouble y)
• void glWindowPos3s(GLshort x,GLshort y,GLshort z)
• void glWindowPos3i(GLint x,GLint y,GLint z)
• void glWindowPos3f(GLfloat x,GLfloat y,GLfloat z)
• void glWindowPos3d(GLdouble x,GLdouble y,GLdouble z)
• void glWindowPos2sv(const GLshort * v)
• void glWindowPos2iv(const GLint * v)
• void glWindowPos2fv(const GLfloat * v)
• void glWindowPos2dv(const GLdouble * v)
• void glWindowPos3sv(const GLshort * v)
• void glWindowPos3iv(const GLint * v)
• void glWindowPos3fv(const GLfloat * v)
• void glWindowPos3dv(const GLdouble * v)
1943

4. Ring Documentation, Release 1.8
• void gluBeginCurve(GLUnurbs* nurb)
• void gluBeginPolygon(GLUtesselator* tess)
• void gluBeginSurface(GLUnurbs* nurb)
• void gluBeginTrim(GLUnurbs* nurb)
• void gluCylinder(GLUquadric* quad,GLdouble base,GLdouble top,GLdouble height,GLint slices,GLint stacks)
• void gluDeleteNurbsRenderer(GLUnurbs* nurb)
• void gluDeleteQuadric(GLUquadric* quad)
• void gluDeleteTess(GLUtesselator* tess)
• void gluDisk(GLUquadric* quad,GLdouble inner,GLdouble outer,GLint slices,GLint loops)
• void gluEndCurve(GLUnurbs* nurb)
• void gluEndPolygon(GLUtesselator* tess)
• void gluEndSurface(GLUnurbs* nurb)
• void gluEndTrim(GLUnurbs* nurb)
• const GLubyte * gluErrorString(GLenum error)
• void gluGetNurbsProperty(GLUnurbs* nurb,GLenum property,GLfloat* data)
• const GLubyte * gluGetString(GLenum name)
• void gluGetTessProperty(GLUtesselator* tess,GLenum which,GLdouble* data)
• void gluLoadSamplingMatrices(GLUnurbs* nurb,const GLfloat * model,const GLfloat * perspective,const
GLint * view)
• void gluLookAt(GLdouble eyeX,GLdouble eyeY,GLdouble eyeZ,GLdouble centerX,GLdouble cen-
terY,GLdouble centerZ,GLdouble upX,GLdouble upY,GLdouble upZ)
• GLUnurbs *gluNewNurbsRenderer(void)
• GLUquadric *gluNewQuadric(void)
• GLUtesselator* gluNewTess(void)
• void gluNextContour(GLUtesselator* tess,GLenum type)
• void gluNurbsCurve(GLUnurbs* nurb,GLint knotCount,GLfloat * knots,GLint stride,GLfloat * control,GLint
order,GLenum type)
• void gluNurbsProperty(GLUnurbs* nurb,GLenum property,GLfloat value)
• void gluNurbsSurface(GLUnurbs* nurb,GLint sKnotCount,GLfloat* sKnots,GLint tKnotCount,GLfloat*
tKnots,GLint sStride,GLint tStride,GLfloat* control,GLint sOrder,GLint tOrder,GLenum type)
• void gluOrtho2D(GLdouble left,GLdouble right,GLdouble bottom,GLdouble top)
• void gluPartialDisk(GLUquadric* quad,GLdouble inner,GLdouble outer,GLint slices,GLint loops,GLdouble
start,GLdouble sweep)
• void gluPerspective(GLdouble fovy,GLdouble aspect,GLdouble zNear,GLdouble zFar)
• void gluPickMatrix(GLdouble x,GLdouble y,GLdouble delX,GLdouble delY,GLint * viewport)
• GLint gluProject(GLdouble objX,GLdouble objY,GLdouble objZ,const GLdouble * model,const GLdouble *
proj,const GLint * view,GLdouble* winX,GLdouble* winY,GLdouble* winZ)
• void gluPwlCurve(GLUnurbs* nurb,GLint count,GLfloat* data,GLint stride,GLenum type)
1944

5. Ring Documentation, Release 1.8
• void gluQuadricDrawStyle(GLUquadric* quad,GLenum draw)
• void gluQuadricNormals(GLUquadric* quad,GLenum normal)
• void gluQuadricOrientation(GLUquadric* quad,GLenum orientation)
• void gluQuadricTexture(GLUquadric* quad,GLboolean texture)
• GLint gluScaleImage(GLenum format,GLsizei wIn,GLsizei hIn,GLenum typeIn,const void * dataIn,GLsizei
wOut,GLsizei hOut,GLenum typeOut,GLvoid* dataOut)
• void gluSphere(GLUquadric* quad,GLdouble radius,GLint slices,GLint stacks)
• void gluTessBeginContour(GLUtesselator* tess)
• void gluTessBeginPolygon(GLUtesselator* tess,GLvoid* data)
• void gluTessEndContour(GLUtesselator* tess)
• void gluTessEndPolygon(GLUtesselator* tess)
• void gluTessNormal(GLUtesselator* tess,GLdouble valueX,GLdouble valueY,GLdouble valueZ)
• void gluTessProperty(GLUtesselator* tess,GLenum which,GLdouble data)
• void gluTessVertex(GLUtesselator* tess,GLdouble * location,GLvoid* data)
• GLint gluUnProject(GLdouble winX,GLdouble winY,GLdouble winZ,const GLdouble * model,const GLdou-
ble * proj,const GLint * view,GLdouble* objX,GLdouble* objY,GLdouble* objZ)
• void glDisable(GLenum cap)
1945

6. CHAPTER
RESOURCES
In this section you will find resources about the language
110.1 Ring Language Website
For news about the language check the website
http://ring-lang.net
http://ring-lang.sf.net
110.2 Ring Group
For questions use the Ring Group (English)
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/ring-lang
110.3 Source Code
Ring is Free-Open Source (MIT License)
Source Code : https://github.com/ring-lang/ring
110.4 Arabic Resources
• Arabic Tutorials by Sara Hamdy
URL : https://ringprogramming4arab.wordpress.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%8A-
2/
• Arabic Tutorials by Ahmed Hassouna (YouTube)
URL : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VIHMyrEilw&list=PLHIfW1KZRIfl6KzfLziFl650MmThnQ0jT
• Arabic Tutorials by Alaa Mohamed (YouTube)
URL : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSv5rJp6snw&list=PLgc0fyJgivssosIJu4kJGk5avIjaMzYHK
• Arabic Tutorials by Mahmoud Fayed (Facebook (Live) + YouTube)
URL : https://github.com/ring-lang/ring/blob/master/developers/Arabic/README.md
1946

7. Ring Documentation, Release 1.8
110.5 Contact the Authors
Ring Team : http://ring-lang.sourceforge.net/team.html
110.5. Contact the Authors 1947

8. INDEX
3D Cube and Texture
Using RingOpenGL and RingAllegro for 3D Graph-
ics, 609
Access List Items by String Index
Lists, 237
Access Objects Using Braces
Object Oriented Programming, 318
Access String Letters
Strings, 241
Accessing the class attributes from braces inside class
methods
Scope Rules, 763
Add Items
Lists, 231
addattribute()
Reflection and Meta-programming, 348
AddDays()
Date and Time, 250
Adding code to the generated code
Code Generator, 867
Adding Hyperlink to QLabel
Desktop and Mobile Development, 662
addmethod()
Reflection and Meta-programming, 348
Analog Clock
Applications developed in little hours, 7
Animate Class
Game Engine for 2D Games, 512
Animate Events
Game Engine for 2D Games, 523
Animation
Game Engine for 2D Games, 517
Animation and Functions
Game Engine for 2D Games, 518
Anonymous and Nested Functions
Functional Programming, 333
Application Class
Web Development (CGI Library), 466
Applications
How to contribute?, 166
Applications developed in little hours
Analog Clock, 7
Calculator Application, 11
FetchStockData Application, 4
Fifteen Puzzle Game 2, 5
Google API Shortener Application, 6
Innovative, 20
Introduction, 1
Practical, 21
Quotes about Ring, 1
Samples in this book, 14
Squares Puzzle Game, 9
TicTacToe Game, 8
Video-Music-Player Application, 10
Werdy Application, 13
Windows StartUp Manager Application, 12
apppath()
Stdlib Functions, 355
Arabic Resources
Resources, 1946
Arithmetic Operations
Performance Tips, 808
Arithmetic Operators
Operators, 197
Ascii()
Data Type, 258
Assert()
Eval() and Debugging, 284
Assignment Operators
Operators, 198
attributes()
Reflection and Meta-programming, 345
Better Call Command
What is new in Ring 1.2?, 144
Better Cards Game
What is new in Ring 1.8?, 49
Better Code Generator For Extensions
What is new in Ring 1.8?, 50
Better Code Generator for Extensions
What is new in Ring 1.1?, 154
What is new in Ring 1.5?, 95
Better Documentation
What is new in Ring 1.1?, 154
What is new in Ring 1.7?, 56
1948

9. Ring Documentation, Release 1.8
Better Documentation Generator for Extensions
What is new in Ring 1.5?, 96
Better Form Designer
What is new in Ring 1.8?, 48
Better Functions
What is new in Ring 1.2?, 141
Better Loop|Exit Command
What is new in Ring 1.3?, 135
Better Natural Language Programming Support
What is new in Ring 1.1?, 146
Better Objects Library
What is new in Ring 1.5?, 82
Better Performance
What is new in Ring 1.8?, 39
Better Quality
What is new in Ring 1.2?, 144
What is new in Ring 1.5?, 104
Better Ring Compiler and VM
What is new in Ring 1.8?, 50
Better Ring For Android
What is new in Ring 1.6?, 61
Better Ring Notepad
What is new in Ring 1.2?, 141
What is new in Ring 1.3?, 131
What is new in Ring 1.5?, 73
What is new in Ring 1.6?, 64
What is new in Ring 1.7?, 55
Better Ring VM
What is new in Ring 1.7?, 56
Better Ring2EXE
What is new in Ring 1.7?, 56
Better RingQt
What is new in Ring 1.2?, 141
What is new in Ring 1.3?, 127
What is new in Ring 1.4?, 122
What is new in Ring 1.5?, 80
What is new in Ring 1.6?, 66
What is new in Ring 1.7?, 55
What is new in Ring 1.8?, 49
Better RingREPL
What is new in Ring 1.6?, 67
Better RingVM
What is new in Ring 1.6?, 67
Better RingZip
What is new in Ring 1.7?, 56
Better Scripts for building Ring
What is new in Ring 1.6?, 63
Better StdLib
What is new in Ring 1.3?, 135
What is new in Ring 1.4?, 120
What is new in Ring 1.5?, 76
What is new in Ring 1.6?, 67
Better Trace Library
What is new in Ring 1.7?, 54
Better WebLib
What is new in Ring 1.4?, 120
What is new in Ring 1.5?, 77
binarydigits()
Stdlib Functions, 364
Bitwise Operators
Operators, 198
BraceError() Method
Natural Language Programming, 408
BraceExprEval Method
Natural Language Programming, 407
BraceStart and BraceEnd Methods
Natural Language Programming, 406
Branching
Control Structures, 200
Control Structures - Second Style, 207
Control Structures - Third Style, 210
BreakPoint
The Trace Library and the Interactive Debugger, 845
Building From Source Code
Building using CMake, 164
Building using Fedora Linux, 160
Building using MacOS X, 162
Building using Microsoft Windows, 156
Building using Ubuntu Linux, 158
Introduction, 155
Building Games For Android
Building the project, 559
Download Requirements and Update the Android
SDK, 558
Introduction, 557
Project Folder, 558
Building RingQt Applications for Mobile
Comments about developing for Android using
RingQt, 738
Download Requirements, 736
Install Qt for Android, 736
Introduction, 735
Update the Android SDK, 736
Using Ring2EXE, 739
Building standalone console application
Distributing Ring Application using Ring2EXE, 814
Building the Cards Game for Mobile using RingQt
Distributing Ring Application using Ring2EXE, 816
Building the Form Designer for Mobile using RingQt
Distributing Ring Application using Ring2EXE, 818
Building the project
Building Games For Android, 559
Building the Weight History Application for Mobile using
RingQt
Distributing Ring Application using Ring2EXE, 817
Building using CMake
Building From Source Code, 164
Building using Fedora Linux
Index 1949

10. Ring Documentation, Release 1.8
Building From Source Code, 160
Building using MacOS X
Building From Source Code, 162
Building using Microsoft Windows
Building From Source Code, 156
Building using Ubuntu Linux
Building From Source Code, 158
Calculator Application
Applications developed in little hours, 11
What is new in Ring 1.5?, 72
Call Functions
Functions - First Style, 217
Functions - Second Style, 221
Functions - Third Style, 225
callgc()
Low Level Functions, 822
Calling a function sharing the name with a method in the
current class
Scope Rules for Functions and Methods, 775
Calling Functions and Methods
Performance Tips, 809
Can I connect to dbase/harbour database?
Frequently Asked Questions, 912
Can Ring work on Windows XP?
Frequently Asked Questions, 914
capitalized()
Stdlib Functions, 358
cfunctions()
Reflection and Meta-programming, 338
CGI Support
Command Line Options, 803
Change Focus
Desktop and Mobile Development, 697
Change Language Keywords
Syntax Flexibility, 777
Change Language Operators
Syntax Flexibility, 778
Change the ’=’ operator to ’is’
Natural Language Programming, 404
Change the Ring Keyword ’And’
Natural Language Programming, 402
Change the Ring Operator ’+’
Natural Language Programming, 403
Change: Basic Extensions are separated from RingVM
What is new in Ring 1.4?, 115
changestring()
Stdlib Functions, 367
Char()
Data Type, 258
ChDir() Function
System Functions, 280
Check Character
Data Type, 253
Check Data Type
Data Type, 252
Check Parameters Count
Extension, 854
Check Parameters Type
Extension, 855
Classes and Objects
Object Oriented Programming, 316
Classes and their Methods to use the default events
Desktop and Mobile Development, 727
classes()
Reflection and Meta-programming, 342
classname()
Reflection and Meta-programming, 344
Clean Natural Code
Natural Language Programming, 409
Clearerr()
Files, 270
Client Example
RingLibuv, 502
Client Example - Using Classes
RingLibuv, 505
clock()
Date and Time, 248
Close Window Event
RingLibSDL, 496
ClosPerSecond()
Date and Time, 248
Code Generator
Adding code to the generated code, 867
Comments in configuration file, 869
Configuration file, 865
Configuration file for the Allegro library, 870
Configuration Files Examples, 884
Constants Type, 870
Defining Constants, 868
Determine Structure Members Types, 868
Enum and Numbers, 869
Executing code during code generation, 869
Filtering using Expressions, 869
function prototype, 865
Introduction, 864
Prefix for Functions Names, 867
Qt configuration file, 874
Register New Functions, 868
Static Methods, 883
Threads Support, 872
Using configuration file that wrap C++ library, 874
Using the tool, 865
Wrap structures, 867
Wrapping C++ Classes, 873
CodeEditor Class
RingQt Classes Reference, 932
Command Line Options
Index 1950