علاقة النمط الهرموني ببداية إفراز اللبن في النعاج

1. ‫ه‬ُ ‫إ‬ ‫ب‬ُ ‫إ‬‫س‬ْ‫ُب‬ ‫ح‬َ‫س‬ ‫وح‬َ‫س‬ ‫ه‬ُ ‫إ‬ ‫ف‬َ‫س‬ ‫للح‬َّ‫ه‬ِ ‫ُهَف‬ ‫ل يح ا‬َ‫س‬‫ع‬َ‫س‬ ‫لح‬ْ‫ُب‬ ‫ك‬َّ‫ه‬‫و‬َ‫س‬ ‫ت‬َ‫س‬‫ي‬َ‫س‬ ‫نح‬ْ‫ُب‬ ‫م‬َ‫س‬ ‫و‬َ‫س‬ ‫ح‬‫ه‬ُ ‫إ‬ ‫ب‬ُ ‫إ‬‫س‬ْ‫ُب‬ ‫ح‬َ‫س‬ ‫وح‬َ‫س‬ ‫ه‬ُ ‫إ‬ ‫ف‬َ‫س‬ ‫للح‬َّ‫ه‬ِ ‫ُهَف‬ ‫ل يح ا‬َ‫س‬‫ع‬َ‫س‬ ‫لح‬ْ‫ُب‬ ‫ك‬َّ‫ه‬‫و‬َ‫س‬ ‫ت‬َ‫س‬‫ي‬َ‫س‬ ‫نح‬ْ‫ُب‬ ‫م‬َ‫س‬ ‫و‬َ‫س‬ ‫ح‬
‫ل‬ِّ ‫ك‬ُ ‫إ‬‫ل‬ِ ‫ُهَف‬ ‫ح‬‫لل‬َّ‫ه‬ُ ‫إ‬ ‫لح ا‬َ‫س‬ ‫ع‬َ‫س‬ ‫ج‬َ‫س‬ ‫دح‬ْ‫ُب‬ ‫ق‬َ‫س‬ ‫هح‬ِ ‫ُهَف‬‫ر‬ِ ‫ُهَف‬ ‫م‬ْ‫ُب‬ ‫أ‬َ‫س‬ ‫غح‬ُ ‫إ‬ ‫ل‬ِ ‫ُهَف‬‫لا‬‫ب‬َ‫س‬ ‫للح‬َّ‫ه‬َ‫س‬ ‫نح ا‬َّ‫ه‬ ‫إ‬ِ ‫ُهَف‬ ‫ح‬‫ل‬ِّ ‫ك‬ُ ‫إ‬‫ل‬ِ ‫ُهَف‬ ‫ح‬‫لل‬َّ‫ه‬ُ ‫إ‬ ‫لح ا‬َ‫س‬ ‫ع‬َ‫س‬ ‫ج‬َ‫س‬ ‫دح‬ْ‫ُب‬ ‫ق‬َ‫س‬ ‫هح‬ِ ‫ُهَف‬‫ر‬ِ ‫ُهَف‬ ‫م‬ْ‫ُب‬ ‫أ‬َ‫س‬ ‫غح‬ُ ‫إ‬ ‫ل‬ِ ‫ُهَف‬‫لا‬‫ب‬َ‫س‬ ‫للح‬َّ‫ه‬َ‫س‬ ‫نح ا‬َّ‫ه‬ ‫إ‬ِ ‫ُهَف‬ ‫ح‬
‫ا‬ً‫دار‬ْ‫ُب‬ ‫ق‬َ‫س‬ ‫ءح‬ٍ ‫ق‬ ‫ ي‬ْ‫ُب‬ ‫ش‬َ‫س‬‫ا‬ً‫دار‬ْ‫ُب‬ ‫ق‬َ‫س‬ ‫ءح‬ٍ ‫ق‬ ‫ ي‬ْ‫ُب‬ ‫ش‬َ‫س‬
“ ”‫العظيم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫صدق‬“ ”‫العظيم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫صدق‬
‫سورة‬‫سورة‬‫الطل ق‬‫الطل ق‬‫آية‬‫آية‬””33““

2. Zaghloul Ahmed Abd Almoneim KhedrZaghloul Ahmed Abd Almoneim Khedr
‫زغلولح أحمدح عبدح المنعمح خضر‬‫زغلولح أحمدح عبدح المنعمح خضر‬

3. Under supervision ofUnder supervision of
Prof. Dr.Prof. Dr.
Ibrahim Fatouh HassanIbrahim Fatouh Hassan
Professor of BiochemistryProfessor of Biochemistry
Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFaculty of Veterinary Medicine
Kafr El-Sheikh, Tanta UniversityKafr El-Sheikh, Tanta University
Prof. Dr.Prof. Dr.
Shawky Abd El-Hady MahmoudShawky Abd El-Hady Mahmoud
Professor of PhysiologyProfessor of Physiology
Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFaculty of Veterinary Medicine
Kafr El-Sheikh, Tanta UniversityKafr El-Sheikh, Tanta University
Dr.Dr.
Michel Fahmy SaadMichel Fahmy Saad
Assistant Professor of PhysiologyAssistant Professor of Physiology
Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFaculty of Veterinary Medicine
Kafr El-Sheikh, Tanta UniversityKafr El-Sheikh, Tanta University

5. duction ‫ح‬in ‫ح‬sheep ‫ح‬had ‫ح‬received ‫ح‬much ‫ح‬attention ‫ح‬in ‫ح‬Egypt ‫ح‬owing ‫ح‬to ‫ح‬theduction ‫ح‬in ‫ح‬sheep ‫ح‬had ‫ح‬received ‫ح‬much ‫ح‬attention ‫ح‬in ‫ح‬Egypt ‫ح‬owing ‫ح‬to ‫ح‬th
‫ح‬as ‫ح‬a ‫ح‬source ‫ح‬of ‫ح‬meat ‫ح‬and ‫ح‬wool. ‫ح‬Increasing ‫ح‬the ‫ح‬reproductive ‫ح‬effici ‫ح‬as ‫ح‬a ‫ح‬source ‫ح‬of ‫ح‬meat ‫ح‬and ‫ح‬wool. ‫ح‬Increasing ‫ح‬the ‫ح‬reproductive ‫ح‬effici
‫ح‬breeds ‫ح‬of ‫ح‬sheep ‫ح‬needs ‫ح‬some ‫ح‬identification ‫ح‬of ‫ح‬the ‫ح‬characteristic ‫ح‬cha ‫ح‬breeds ‫ح‬of ‫ح‬sheep ‫ح‬needs ‫ح‬some ‫ح‬identification ‫ح‬of ‫ح‬the ‫ح‬characteristic ‫ح‬cha
productive ‫ح‬cycle ‫ح‬including ‫ح‬some ‫ح‬hormonal ‫ح‬aspects ‫ح‬under ‫ح‬the ‫ح‬influeproductive ‫ح‬cycle ‫ح‬including ‫ح‬some ‫ح‬hormonal ‫ح‬aspects ‫ح‬under ‫ح‬the ‫ح‬influ
ent ‫ح‬factors.ent ‫ح‬factors.
eriparturient ‫ح‬period ‫ح‬particularly ‫ح‬describes ‫ح‬the ‫ح‬events ‫ح‬that ‫ح‬occurperiparturient ‫ح‬period ‫ح‬particularly ‫ح‬describes ‫ح‬the ‫ح‬events ‫ح‬that ‫ح‬occur
‫ح‬perior ‫ح‬to ‫ح‬and ‫ح‬following ‫ح‬parturition, ‫ح‬complex ‫ح‬synchronous ‫ح‬hos ‫ح‬perior ‫ح‬to ‫ح‬and ‫ح‬following ‫ح‬parturition, ‫ح‬complex ‫ح‬synchronous ‫ح‬ho
es ‫ح‬occur ‫ح‬during ‫ح‬these ‫ح‬periods. ‫ح‬These ‫ح‬hormones ‫ح‬regulate ‫ح‬lactoes ‫ح‬occur ‫ح‬during ‫ح‬these ‫ح‬periods. ‫ح‬These ‫ح‬hormones ‫ح‬regulate ‫ح‬lacto
rition, ‫ح‬postpartum ‫ح‬milk ‫ح‬production ‫ح‬and ‫ح‬reproductive ‫ح‬performance.rition, ‫ح‬postpartum ‫ح‬milk ‫ح‬production ‫ح‬and ‫ح‬reproductive ‫ح‬performance.
ancy ‫ح‬and ‫ح‬lactation ‫ح‬stages ‫ح‬produce ‫ح‬great ‫ح‬overload ‫ح‬on ‫ح‬the ‫ح‬animal ‫ح‬systancy ‫ح‬and ‫ح‬lactation ‫ح‬stages ‫ح‬produce ‫ح‬great ‫ح‬overload ‫ح‬on ‫ح‬the ‫ح‬animal ‫ح‬syst
s ‫ح‬including ‫ح‬liver. ‫ح‬s ‫ح‬including ‫ح‬liver. ‫ح‬
‫ح‬neutrient ‫ح‬ ‫ح‬requirements ‫ح‬at ‫ح‬the ‫ح‬end ‫ح‬of ‫ح‬pregnancy ‫ح‬are ‫ح‬about ‫ح‬75% ‫ح‬ ‫ح‬neutrient ‫ح‬ ‫ح‬requirements ‫ح‬at ‫ح‬the ‫ح‬end ‫ح‬of ‫ح‬pregnancy ‫ح‬are ‫ح‬about ‫ح‬75% ‫ح‬
n ‫ح‬the ‫ح‬non ‫ح‬pregnant ‫ح‬animals ‫ح‬of ‫ح‬the ‫ح‬same ‫ح‬weightin ‫ح‬the ‫ح‬non ‫ح‬pregnant ‫ح‬animals ‫ح‬of ‫ح‬the ‫ح‬same ‫ح‬weight..
tion ‫ح‬even ‫ح‬imposes ‫ح‬a ‫ح‬great ‫ح‬demand, ‫ح‬lactose ‫ح‬production ‫ح‬alone ‫ح‬needs ‫ح‬abtion ‫ح‬even ‫ح‬imposes ‫ح‬a ‫ح‬great ‫ح‬demand, ‫ح‬lactose ‫ح‬production ‫ح‬alone ‫ح‬needs ‫ح‬ab
ucose ‫ح‬per ‫ح‬day ‫ح‬for ‫ح‬sheep ‫ح‬with ‫ح‬twin ‫ح‬lambsucose ‫ح‬per ‫ح‬day ‫ح‬for ‫ح‬sheep ‫ح‬with ‫ح‬twin ‫ح‬lambs..
igh ‫ح‬demand ‫ح‬for ‫ح‬energy ‫ح‬in ‫ح‬multiple ‫ح‬pregnant ‫ح‬sheep ‫(ح‬carrying ‫ح‬more ‫ح‬tigh ‫ح‬demand ‫ح‬for ‫ح‬energy ‫ح‬in ‫ح‬multiple ‫ح‬pregnant ‫ح‬sheep ‫(ح‬carrying ‫ح‬more ‫ح‬t
‫ح‬towards ‫ح‬the ‫ح‬end ‫ح‬of ‫ح‬pregnancy ‫ح‬and ‫ح‬hormonal ‫ح‬dysregulation ‫ح‬of ‫ح‬f ‫ح‬towards ‫ح‬the ‫ح‬end ‫ح‬of ‫ح‬pregnancy ‫ح‬and ‫ح‬hormonal ‫ح‬dysregulation ‫ح‬of ‫ح‬
hydrate ‫ح‬metabolism ‫ح‬have ‫ح‬been ‫ح‬considered ‫ح‬as ‫ح‬the ‫ح‬most ‫ح‬important ‫ح‬pathydrate ‫ح‬metabolism ‫ح‬have ‫ح‬been ‫ح‬considered ‫ح‬as ‫ح‬the ‫ح‬most ‫ح‬important ‫ح‬pat
s ‫ح‬leading ‫ح‬to ‫ح‬clinical ‫ح‬ketosiss ‫ح‬leading ‫ح‬to ‫ح‬clinical ‫ح‬ketosis..

7. SoSo
The ‫ح‬aim ‫ح‬of ‫ح‬this ‫ح‬study ‫ح‬is ‫ح‬to ‫ح‬through ‫ح‬a ‫ح‬light ‫ح‬on ‫ح‬The ‫ح‬aim ‫ح‬of ‫ح‬this ‫ح‬study ‫ح‬is ‫ح‬to ‫ح‬through ‫ح‬a ‫ح‬light ‫ح‬on ‫ح‬
some ‫ح‬hormonal ‫ح‬changes ‫ح‬which ‫ح‬occur ‫ح‬during ‫ح‬some ‫ح‬hormonal ‫ح‬changes ‫ح‬which ‫ح‬occur ‫ح‬during ‫ح‬
periparturient ‫ح‬period ‫ح‬and ‫ح‬also ‫ح‬the ‫ح‬variations ‫ح‬periparturient ‫ح‬period ‫ح‬and ‫ح‬also ‫ح‬the ‫ح‬variations ‫ح‬
occur ‫ح‬between ‫ح‬single ‫ح‬and ‫ح‬twins ‫ح‬bearing ‫ح‬ewes. ‫ح‬occur ‫ح‬between ‫ح‬single ‫ح‬and ‫ح‬twins ‫ح‬bearing ‫ح‬ewes. ‫ح‬

9. The ‫ح‬present ‫ح‬study ‫ح‬was ‫ح‬carried ‫ح‬The ‫ح‬present ‫ح‬study ‫ح‬was ‫ح‬carried ‫ح‬
ononAnimaAnima
Eleven ‫ح‬mature ‫ح‬crossbred ‫(ح‬Rahmany ‫ح‬x ‫ح‬Romanofe)Eleven ‫ح‬mature ‫ح‬crossbred ‫(ح‬Rahmany ‫ح‬x ‫ح‬Romanofe)
pregnant ‫ح‬ewespregnant ‫ح‬ewes
Aged ‫ح‬from ‫ح 5ح –ح 3ح‬yearsAged ‫ح‬from ‫ح 5ح –ح 3ح‬years
They ‫ح‬givesThey ‫ح‬gives
6 ‫ح‬twin6 ‫ح‬twin
4 ‫ح‬Single4 ‫ح‬Single
One ‫ح‬freeOne ‫ح‬free
‫ح‬or ‫ح‬twin ‫ح‬lambs ‫ح‬are ‫ح‬included ‫ح‬in ‫ح‬this ‫ح‬study ‫ح‬ ‫ح‬or ‫ح‬twin ‫ح‬lambs ‫ح‬are ‫ح‬included ‫ح‬in ‫ح‬this ‫ح‬study ‫ح‬

10. CollectionofCollectionof
Blood samples were collected everyBlood samples were collected every
1515daysdays
duringpregnancyduringpregnancy
1010&&2020daysdays
beforelampingbeforelamping
DayDayofof
lampinglamping
1010&&2020daysdays
afterlampingafterlamping
Each blood sample divided into 2 tubesEach blood sample divided into 2 tubes
*Glucose*Glucose
*Ketonebodies*Ketonebodies
*Progesterone*Progesterone
Oestradiol:17Oestradiol:17ββ
*T*T33
*T*T44
PlasmaPlasma
SerumSerum

11. MethodMethod
(A)Hormonalassayofprogesteronea(A)Hormonalassayofprogesteronea
(B)(B)**DeterminationofserumtriiodothyroniDeterminationofserumtriiodothyroni
**Determinationofthyroxin(TDeterminationofthyroxin(T44))
(C)Biochemicalanalysis(C)Biochemicalanalysis
ucoseoxidasemethodsucoseoxidasemethods
rdingtoordingtoTrinder(1969)Trinder(1969)
QuantitativemethodQuantitativemethod
DeterminationofDeterminationof
glucoseglucose
DeterminationofDeterminationof
ketonebodiesketonebodies
ByBy
ByBy

13. Serumprogesteronelevel(ng/ml)ofsingleandtSerumprogesteronelevel(ng/ml)ofsingleandt
Weeks of pregnancyWeeks of pregnancy SingleSingle TwinTwin
11stst 0.910.91 ±± 0.040.04 ii AA 0.950.95 ±± 0.050.05 hh AA
33rdrd 1.81.8 ±± 0.040.04 hh AA 1.61.6 ±± 0.250.25 ghgh AA
55thth 2.492.49 ±± 0.330.33 gg AA 2.862.86 ±± 0.060.06 jj AA
77thth 3.53.5 ±± 0.050.05 ff AA 3.613.61 ±± 0.050.05 ee AA
99thth 4.334.33 ±± 0.20.2 dd AA 4.454.45 ±± 0.220.22 dd AA
1111thth 4.784.78 ±± 0.470.47 dd AA 4.584.58 ±± 0.250.25 dd AA
1313thth 5.845.84 ±± 0.460.46 cc AA 6.576.57 ±± 0.320.32 cc AA
1515thth 6.246.24 ±± 0.070.07 bcbc BB 7.267.26 ±± 0.060.06 bb AA
1717thth 11.2911.29 ±± 0.380.38 aa BB 12.3612.36 ±± 0.320.32 aa AA
1919thth 11.6911.69 ±± 0.140.14 aa BB 12.4512.45 ±± 0.290.29 aa AA
2020thth 1.101.10 ±± 0.050.05 ii AA 1.491.49 ±± 0.200.20 ghgh AA

14. fsingleandtwinsbearingewesduringpregnancyfsingleandtwinsbearingewesduringpregnancy
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Weeks of pregnancy
Progesterone(ng/ml)
Single Twin
11stst
33rdrd
55thth
77thth
99thth
1111thth
1313thth
1515thth
1717thth
1919thth
2020thth

15. Serumprogesteronelevel(ng/ml)intheperipartSerumprogesteronelevel(ng/ml)intheperipart
Period from parturitionPeriod from parturition SingleSingle TwinTwin
2 days before parturition2 days before parturition 0.930.93 ±± 0.080.08 abab AA 0.870.87 ±± 0.070.07 bcbc AA
1 day after parturition1 day after parturition 0.630.63 ±± 0.040.04 dd AA 0.560.56 ±± 0.030.03 dd AA
7 days after parturition7 days after parturition 0.70.7 ±± 0.040.04 cdcd AA 0.70.7 ±± 0.080.08 cdcd AA
10 days after parturition10 days after parturition 0.880.88 ±±0.060.06 bcbc AA 1.091.09 ±± 0.060.06 aa AA
15 days after parturition15 days after parturition 1.051.05 ±± 0.040.04 abab AA 1.081.08 ±± 0.020.02 aa AA

16. l)intheperiparturientperiodofpregnantewesl)intheperiparturientperiodofpregnantewes
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
Period from parturition
Preprogesterone(pg/ml) Single Twin
2daysbefore2daysbefore
parturitionparturition
1dayafter1dayafter
parturitionparturition
7daysafter7daysafter
parturitionparturition
10daysafter10daysafter
parturitionparturition
15daysafter15daysafter
parturitionparturition

17. Serumestradiol-17Serumestradiol-17ββ(E2)level(pg/ml)insingl(E2)level(pg/ml)insingl
duringpregnancypduringpregnancy
Weeks of pregnancyWeeks of pregnancy SingleSingle TwinTwin
11stst
37.3637.36 ±±0.630.63 gg AA 36.336.3 ±± 0.50.5 jj AA
33rdrd
36.136.1 ±± 0.690.69 gg AA 37.1337.13 ±± 0.750.75 jjjj AA
55thth
38.4638.46 ±± 0.420.42 gg AA 39.2639.26 ±± 0.490.49 hihi AA
77thth
37.6637.66 ±± 0.380.38 gg AA 39.639.6 ±± 0.780.78 hh AA
99thth
42.3342.33 ±± 0.660.66 ff BB 44.444.4 ±± 0.540.54 gg AA
1111thth
52.352.3 ±± 0.830.83 ee BB 55.355.3 ±± 11 dd AA
1313thth
58.3358.33 ±± 0.720.72 dd BB 63.6363.63 ±± 0.950.95 ee AA
1515thth
68.2668.26 ±± 0.570.57 cc BB 79.479.4 ±± 0.520.52 dd AA
1717thth
75.375.3 ±±0.980.98 dd BB 87.4587.45 ±± 1.211.21 cc AA
1919thth
74.4674.46 ±± 1.071.07 bb BB 93.4393.43 ±± 0.950.95 aa AA
2020thth
78.478.4 ±± 0.540.54 aa BB 90.890.8 ±± 0.810.81 bb AA

18. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Weeks of pregnancy
Estrogen(pg/ml) Single Twin
11stst
33rdrd
55thth
77thth
99thth
1111thth
1313thth
1515thth
1717thth
1919thth
2020thth
/ml)insingleandtwinsbearingpregnantewes/ml)insingleandtwinsbearingpregnantewes
gpregnancyperiodgpregnancyperiod

19. SerumEstrogenlevel(pg/ml)inperiparturiSerumEstrogenlevel(pg/ml)inperiparturi
bearingpregnantbearingpregnant
Period from parturitionPeriod from parturition SingleSingle TwinTwin
2 days before parturition2 days before parturition 572572 ±± 6.936.93 aa BB 976976 ±± 26.0126.01 aa AA
1 day after parturition1 day after parturition 300300 ±± 5.785.78 cc BB 346346 ±± 14.4514.45 ee AA
7 days after parturition7 days after parturition 414414 ±± 4.844.84 dd AA 4.204.20 ±± 5.785.78 dd AA
10 days after parturition10 days after parturition 540540 ±± 5.495.49 abab BB 670670 ±±10.9810.98 bb AA
15 days after parturition15 days after parturition 545545 ±± 37.5737.57 abab AA 511511 ±± 3.783.78 cc AA

20. 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
Period from parturition
Preproestrogene(pg/ml) Single Twin
2daysbefore2daysbefore
parturitionparturition
1dayafter1dayafter
parturitionparturition
7daysafter7daysafter
parturitionparturition
10daysafter10daysafter
parturitionparturition
15daysafter15daysafter
parturitionparturition
inperiparturientperiodofsingleandtwinsinperiparturientperiodofsingleandtwins
ngpregnantewesingpregnantewes

21. SerumTSerumT33(ng/dl)ofsingleandtwin(ng/dl)ofsingleandtwin
Weeks of pregnancyWeeks of pregnancy SingleSingle TwinTwin
11stst 64.3664.36 ±± 1.331.33 gg AA 63.6463.64 ±± 0.980.98 jj AA
33rdrd 66.266.2 ±± 0.980.98 gg AA 67.1667.16 ±± 0.50.5 jj AA
55thth 65.1365.13 ±± 0.980.98 gg BB 77.1677.16 ±± 6.336.33 ee AA
77thth 66.9666.96 ±± 0.910.91 gg AA 68.068.0 ±± 6.946.94 jj AA
99thth 79.279.2 ±± 0.40.4 jj AA 82.5382.53 ±± 0.720.72 ee AA
1111thth 91.5391.53 ±± 0.500.50 ee BB 103.56103.56 ±± 2.352.35 cdcd AA
1313thth 98.3398.33 ±± 0.520.52 dd BB 110.03110.03 ±± 1.471.47 bcbc AA
1515thth 104.23104.23 ±± 1.061.06 cdcd AA 107.33107.33 ±± 1.611.61 bcbc AA
1717thth 113.56113.56 ±± 0.630.63 bb BB 126.16126.16 ±± 2.022.02 aa AA
1919thth 124.2124.2 ±± 2.162.16 aa BB 132.2132.2 ±± 4.164.16 aa AA

22. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Weeks of pregnancy
T3(ug/dl) Single Twin
11stst
33rdrd
55thth
77thth
99thth
1111thth
1313thth
1515thth
1717thth
1919thth
2020thth
ngleandtwinsbearingpregnantewesngleandtwinsbearingpregnantewes

23. SerumTSerumT44((µµg/dl)ofsingleandtwinsbeg/dl)ofsingleandtwinsbe
Weeks of pregnancyWeeks of pregnancy SingleSingle TwinTwin
11stst 4.34.3 ±± 0.170.17 ff AA 4.54.5 ±± 0.20.2 ff AA
33rdrd 4.74.7 ±± 0.340.34 ff AA 4.564.56 ±± 0.230.23 ff AA
55thth 5.55.5 ±± 0.20.2 ee AA 5.65.6 ±± 0.170.17 ee AA
77thth 6.46.4 ±± 0.110.11 dcdc AA 5.865.86 ±± 0.370.37 dede AA
99thth 6.566.56 ±± 0.280.28 bcdbcd AA 6.766.76 ±± 0.230.23 abcabc AA
1111thth 6.436.43 ±±0.280.28 cdcd AA 6.536.53 ±± 0.170.17 bcdbcd AA
1313thth 6.766.76 ±± 0.310.31 abcabc AA 6.866.86 ±± 0.370.37 abcabc AA
1515thth 7.37.3 ±± 0.150.15 abab AA 6.836.83 ±± 0.230.23 abcabc AA
1717thth 7.467.46 ±± 0.20.2 aa AA 7.167.16 ±± 0.170.17 abcabc AA
1919thth 7.437.43 ±± 0.170.17 aa AA 7.067.06 ±± 0.140.14 abcabc AA

24. 0
2
4
6
8
10
Weeks of pregnancy
T4(ug/dl) Single Twin
11stst
33rdrd
55thth
77thth
99thth
1111thth
1313thth
1515thth
1717thth
1919thth
2020thth
andtwinsbearingewesduringpregnancyandtwinsbearingewesduringpregnancy

25. Bloodacetonelevel(m.mol/L)inpreparBloodacetonelevel(m.mol/L)inprepar
Period from parturitionPeriod from parturition SingleSingle TwinTwin
4 weeks before parturition4 weeks before parturition 0.370.37 ±± 0.020.02 dd AA 0.510.51 ±± 0.10.1 dd AA
3 weeks before parturition3 weeks before parturition 0.720.72 ±± 0.070.07 cc AA 0.850.85 ±± 0.030.03 bcbc AA
2 weeks before parturition2 weeks before parturition 0.950.95 ±± 0.050.05 abab AA 1.091.09 ±± 0.050.05 aa AA
Week ofWeek of parturitionparturition 0.940.94 ±± 0.020.02 abab AA 1.081.08 ±± 0.050.05 aa AA

26. 0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Period from parturition
Ketonebodies(m.mol/L) Single Twin
4weeksbefore4weeksbefore
parturitionparturition
3weeksbefore3weeksbefore
parturitionparturition
2weeksbefore2weeksbefore
parturitionparturition
WeekofWeekof
parturitionparturition
.mol/L)inpreparturientperiodinewes.mol/L)inpreparturientperiodinewes

27. Serumglucoselevel(mg/dl)ofpregnanteweSerumglucoselevel(mg/dl)ofpregnantewe
(inthepreparturient(inthepreparturient
Period from parturitionPeriod from parturition SingleSingle TwinTwin
4 weeks before parturition4 weeks before parturition 59.3359.33 ±±1.451.45 aa AA 50.050.0 ±± 1.521.52 aa AA
3 weeks before parturition3 weeks before parturition 39.3339.33 ±± 1.451.45 bb AA 35.035.0 ±± 1.151.15 bb AA
2 weeks before parturition2 weeks before parturition 32.3332.33 ±± 0.870.87 cc AA 26.026.0 ±±0.280.28 cc AA
Week ofWeek of parturitionparturition 26.026.0 ±± 0.570.57 dd BB 23.023.0 ±± 0.870.87 cc AA

28. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Period from parturition
Glucose(mg/dl) Single Twin
4weeksbefore4weeksbefore
parturitionparturition
3weeksbefore3weeksbefore
parturitionparturition
2weeksbefore2weeksbefore
parturitionparturition
WeekofWeekof
parturitionparturition
fpregnantewesonemonthbeforeparturitionfpregnantewesonemonthbeforeparturition

30. resentstudywasdesignedtoinvestigatethehormonalchangeswhicresentstudywasdesignedtoinvestigatethehormonalchangeswhic
gpregnancy,pre-parturientandpostparturientperiodandthedigpregnancy,pre-parturientandpostparturientperiodandthedi
ensingleandtwinsbearingewes.ensingleandtwinsbearingewes.
esultsshowedthatprogesteronelevelshadnosignificantvarianceesultsshowedthatprogesteronelevelshadnosignificantvariance
bearingsingleandthosebearingtwinsduringtheperiodfrom1bearingsingleandthosebearingtwinsduringtheperiodfrom1stst
eekofpregnancywhileprogesteronehormonerecordedsignificanteekofpregnancywhileprogesteronehormonerecordedsignificant
escarryingtwinsthanthatcarryingsinglefetusintheperiodbetweeescarryingtwinsthanthatcarryingsinglefetusintheperiodbetwee
eekofpregnancy.eekofpregnancy.
2020thth
weektill15dayafterparturition,progesteroneshowednosigweektill15dayafterparturition,progesteroneshowednosig
es.es.
oestradiol-17oestradiol-17ββshowedasignificantincreasefromthe1showedasignificantincreasefromthe1stst
weektill2weektill2
gnancyandalsosignificantdecreaserecordedduringthetwoweeegnancyandalsosignificantdecreaserecordedduringthetwowee
ritioninbothewescarryingsingleandtwins.ritioninbothewescarryingsingleandtwins.
adiol-17adiol-17ββshowedthanthatcarryingsingle.showedthanthatcarryingsingle.
glucoselevelshowedsignificantdecreaseduringthelastweeksofprglucoselevelshowedsignificantdecreaseduringthelastweeksofpr
hewescarryingsingleandthosecarryingtwins.hewescarryingsingleandthosecarryingtwins.
lucoselevelsintwinsbearingewesrecodedsignificantlylowerglucoslucoselevelsintwinsbearingewesrecodedsignificantlylowerglucos
aredwithsinglebearingewes.aredwithsinglebearingewes.

31. othyronine(Tothyronine(T33)measurementshowednosignificantdifferenceini)measurementshowednosignificantdifferenceini
inewebearingsingleorthosecarryingtwinsduringthefirstweekinewebearingsingleorthosecarryingtwinsduringthefirstweek
fpregnancy.fpregnancy.
1111thth
weekstill19weekstill19thth
weeksofpregnancyTweeksofpregnancyT33showedasignificantincrshowedasignificantincr
ngletwinsbearingewes.ngletwinsbearingewes.
ebodiesshowedsignificantincreaseinpregnantewesfromthe17ebodiesshowedsignificantincreaseinpregnantewesfromthe17thth
ww
ition.ition.
ver,ketonebodiesshowedsignificantlyhigherlevelsintwinsbearinver,ketonebodiesshowedsignificantlyhigherlevelsintwinsbeari
osecarryingsinglefetus.osecarryingsinglefetus.
regnantewesinourstudyTregnantewesinourstudyT33hormoneincreasedfromthebeginninhormoneincreasedfromthebeginnin
periodtillparturition.periodtillparturition.
moneshowednosignificantdifferencesinitslevelintwinscarryinmoneshowednosignificantdifferencesinitslevelintwinscarryin
osecarryingsinglefetusduringtheperiodfromfirstweektill9osecarryingsinglefetusduringtheperiodfromfirstweektill9thth
ncywhileduringtheperiodfrom11ncywhileduringtheperiodfrom11thth
weektill19weektill19thth
weekofpregnaweekofpregn
inewescarryingtwinsshowedsignificantincreasecomparedwitinewescarryingtwinsshowedsignificantincreasecomparedwit
gsinglefetus.gsinglefetus.
inehormone(Txinehormone(T44)measurementshowednonsignificantincreasei)measurementshowednonsignificantincreasei
gtwinsthanthosecarryingsinglefetusduringthewholepegtwinsthanthosecarryingsinglefetusduringthewholepe
ncyalthoughitshowedcontinuousincreasefromthebeginningncyalthoughitshowedcontinuousincreasefromthebeginning
enttillthetimeofparturitioninallpregnantewes.menttillthetimeofparturitioninallpregnantewes.

33. ururresultsshowedthatinagroupofpregnaresultsshowedthatinagroupofpregna
itoringthehormonalprofileofprogesterone,itoringthehormonalprofileofprogesterone,
thyroxinecanbetakenasawaytopredictthenuthyroxinecanbetakenasawaytopredictthenu
fromthe11fromthe11thth
to17to17thth
weekofpregnancy.weekofpregnancy.
oreover,oreover,progesteroneandestradiolinadprogesteroneandestradiolinad
oseandketonebodieslevelsinthelastwoseandketonebodieslevelsinthelastw
nancycanbetakenasawaytopredictthenancycanbetakenasawaytopredictthe
urition.turition.

34. Dr. Medhat KamalDr. Medhat Kamal
01277232060127723206