Ingalls state of land- government and plenary presentation
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The document summarizes the Mekong State of Land report, which collates information on key land indicators in the Mekong region to inform policy and development priorities. It involved data collection and analysis at the country level, with regional comparative analysis and consultation. The report structure includes an introduction and sections on the land and people, land resource base, distribution of land resources, land governance, tenure security, and gender and land for each Mekong country. It finds the region is in a period of land transition, with agriculture declining as a share of GDP but the agricultural population declining more slowly. Crop diversity is concentrated in just six major crops, and countries vary in their approaches to formalizing land ownership and protecting customary tenure.
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Ingalls state of land- government and plenary presentation
- 1. Mekong State of Land © Justin Mott Micah Ingalls and Jean- Christophe Diepart Mekong Region Land Forum Bangkok, 27 May
- 2. Produced by: With funding from: Editing and supervision: Micah L. Ingalls and Jean-Christophe Diepart Mekong region: Micah L. Ingalls and Jean-Christophe Diepart Cambodia: Jean-Christophe Diepart and Thol Sem Lao PDR: Micah L. Ingalls, Thateva Saphanthong and Chanthaviphone Inthavong Myanmar: Tony Neil Thailand: Daniel Hayward Vietnam: Nhu Truong, Dang H. Vo and Dzung Nguyen Mapping: Chanthavone Phomphakdy and Rasso Bernhard Key technical contributions: Michael E. Epprecht, Vong Nanthavong, Cornelia Hett, Sinu Fogarizzu, Nicholas Tagliarino, and Phong A. Nguyen, Weerakan Kengkaj
- 3. Mekong State of Land: Background Scope and Purpose • Collation of available information on key land indicators • Decision-support system for policy and development priorities • Baseline for future monitoring • Assessment of data quality and availability • Country-level and regional comparison and processes Process • Data collection and analysis at country-level • Peer-review and country-consultation • Regional comparative analysis • Regional consultation (Mekong Land Forum- this week!) • Further country consultations?
- 4. TheLand andPeople Socio-economics Demographics GDP structure, employment, incidence of poverty, food insecurity and landlessness among rural and agricultural households Population dynamics, with a particular focus on the rural and agricultural population TheLand ResourceBase Land use & land cover Land use diversity and efficiency Land degradation Forest areas, annual and perennial crop area, and change over time for each (1996-2015), updated 2015 land use (FAO and SERVIR data) Land use efficiency, crop diversity, land intensification and irrigation Degradation indices from FAO Distributionof theLand ResourceBase Land Concessions Protected Areas, SEZ Agricultural distribution Concessions (by size, crop, and investor), Gini index of land with concessions Land allocated to Protected Areas, hydropower dams, Special Economic Zones, etc. No. of agricultural households, average size of holdings, Gini index of land Land Governance Land Governance Assessment Scoring MRLG Strategic Indicator Framework assessing multiple indicators producing country-level scoring Tenure Security Land titling Customary tenure Areas with land titles, areas under other forms of legally-recognized tenure Areas recognized under customary tenure or co-management Gender and land Women and female-headed HHs holding titles, titles jointly held by husbands and wives, other tenure security for women Structure of the State of Land Report
- 5. Structure of the State of Land Report (cont.) Myanmar Thailand Viet Nam Regional analysis Cambodia Lao PDR Introduction
- 6. Data sources: agricultural censuses (multiple) The Land and the People: Rurality and Poverty Data sources: Population and Housing censuses (multiple)
- 7. Share of agriculture in GDP Data sources: World Bank global database The Land and the People (cont.): An incomplete agrarian transition While the share of agriculture in GDP has declined, the agricultural population has declined much more slowly.
- 8. Cumulative change in agricultural land 1995-2015
- 9. The Land Resource Base: A land in transition Source: SERVIRSource: FAOSTAT
- 10. Crop Diversity 80% of the agricultural land in the Mekong is in just 6 crops: Rice and the boom crops
- 11. Distribution and area of boom crops
- 13. 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Cambodia Lao PDR Myanmar Thailand Vietnam Female Conjugal Male 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Cambodia Lao PDR Myanmar Thailand Vietnam Land Title Land Use Certificate Other legal document None Land tenure security But also customary tenure and non-State tenure security KNU- 40,000 land titles issued Titles on forest lands? Gender and land
- 14. Land Governance: Common themes across the Mekong • Gap between policy and practice • Formalization of land- all countries in process, but vary considerably • Key issues relate to state versus non-state land (forest-dwelling communities typically under-protected) • Indigenous Peoples and ethnic minorities recognized by under- protected • Land investments and SEZs
Editor's Notes
- Objectives and process of the SoL
- Structure of the SoL
- Agriculture nevertheless remains important, but this population is moving, and not just to the cities– still a need for land, and it’s not settled since populations continue to move
- Land Use Land Cover– these demographic and economic changes relate to major changes in land use and land cover
- Tenure security and tenure security for women, and some caveats
- Final remarks- risks, opportunities – and end here with some questions for the government participants.