5. Pain medications
Indication
• Like other OTC
pain relievers,
acetaminophen
temporarily
relieves minor
aches and pains
due to
headache,
backache, the
common cold,
minor pain of
arthritis,
toothache,
premenstrual
and menstrual
cramps, and
muscular aches,
and temporarily
reduces fever.
contraindications
• caloric
undernutrition.
• acute liver
failure.
• liver problems.
• a condition
where the body
is unable to
maintain
adequate blood
flow called
shock.
• acetaminophen
overdose.
• acute
inflammation of
the liver due to
hepatitis C virus.
Side effects
• nausea,
stomach pain,
headache,
hoarseness, loss
of appetite,
itching, rash,
dark urine, clay-
colored stools
and swelling of
the face, throat,
tongue or limbs.
Dose
• For Children
chewables 1
tablet
• Children’s 5ml
• Infants 3.75 ml
TYLENOL® (acetaminophen)
6. Aspirin ® Indication
• Aspirin is
indicated for
temporary relief
of headache,
pain and fever of
colds, minor
pain of arthritis,
muscle pain,
menstrual pain,
and toothache
contraindications
• patients with
allergic to
ibuprofen and
NSAIDs
• patients with
asthma/ rhinitis /
nasal polyps
Side effects
• Abdominal or
stomach pain,
cramping, or
burning.
• black, tarry
stools.
• bloody or cloudy
urine.
• change in
consciousness.
• chest pain or
discomfort.
• convulsions,
severe or
continuing.
• decreased
frequency or
amount of urine.
• difficult
breathing.
Dose
• Normal dose
300 to 650 mg
orally every 4 to
6 hours as
needed
7. Nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• Advil ® (ibuprofen)
Indication
• Advil is used to
reduce fever and
treat pain or
inflammation
caused by many
conditions such
as headache,
toothache, back
pain, arthritis,
menstrual
cramps, or minor
injury
contraindications
• in patients with
salicylate
hypersensitivity
or NSAID
hypersensitivity
who have
experienced
asthma,
urticaria, or
other allergic
reactions
Side effects
• Nausea.
• Heartburn.
• Dizziness.
• Swelling in the
arms or legs.
• High blood
pressure.
• Kidney damage.
• Stomach ulcers
or bleeding
Dose
• 2-3 years 5ml
• 4-5 years 7.5ml
• 6-8 years 10 ml
• 9-11 15 ml
8. Aleve ®(naproxen sodium)
Indication
• indicated for
temporary relief
of minor aches
and pains and
reduction of
fever.
contraindications
• You should not
use naproxen if
you are allergic
to it, or if you
have ever had
an asthma
attack or severe
allergic reaction
after taking
aspirin or an
NSAID.
Side effects
• Upset stomach,
nausea,
heartburn,
headache,
drowsiness, or
dizziness may
occur
Dose
• Take one tablet,
caplet, gelcap or
liquid gel every 8
to 12 hours
while symptoms
last.
• Do not take for
more than 10
consecutive
days for pain or
3 days for fever
unless directed
by a doctor
9. Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers
Prozac ®(antidepressants)
Indication
• Acute and
maintenance
treatment of Major
Depressive
Disorder and
Acute and
maintenance
treatment of
obsessions and
compulsions in
patients with
Obsessive
Compulsive
Disorder (OCD)
contraindications
• Patients should
always check with
their doctors
before taking any
medication with
Prozac. Serious
drug interactions
include: NSAIDS,
aspirin and
warfarin: Drugs
that interfere with
hemostasis may
increase the risk
of gastrointestinal
bleeding when
taken with Prozac.
Side effects
• Feeling sick
(nausea)
• Headaches
• Being unable to
sleep
• Diarrhoea
• Feeling tired or
weak
Dose
• 10mg
• 20mg
• 40m
10. doxepin®
Indication
• Oral doxepin is
approved for the
following indications:
Treatment of
depression and/or
anxiety. Treatment of
depression and/or
anxiety associated
with different
conditions, including
alcoholism, organic
disease and manic-
depressive disorders.
Treatment of
psychotic depressive
disorders with
associated anxiety.
contraindications
• overactive thyroid
gland
• manic-depression
• suicidal thoughts
• alcohol use disorder
• closed angle
glaucoma
• heart attack within
the last 30 days
• torsade's de pointes,
a type of abnormal
heart rhythm
• prolonged QT interval
on EKG
• abnormal heart
rhythm
• abnormal EKG with
QT changes from
birth
Side effects
• nausea.
• vomiting.
• weakness or
tiredness.
• dizziness.
• increase in pupil size.
• dry mouth.
• mouth sores.
Dose
• The dose of this
medicine will be
different for different
patients. Follow your
doctor's orders or the
directions on the
label. The following
information includes
only the average
doses of this
medicine. If your
dose is different, do
not change it unless
your doctor tells you
to do so.
11. Antihistamines
• Cetirizine ®(second-generation antihistamine)
Indication
• is indicated for
treating
seasonal
allergies in
adults and
children two
years and
older.
Cetirizine is
also safe to
use in the
geriatric
population.
contraindications
• Cetirizine is
contraindicated
in those
patients with a
known
hypersensitivity
to it or any of
its ingredients
or hydroxyzine.
Side effects
• headaches.
• dry mouth.
• feeling sick
(nausea)
• feeling dizzy.
• diarrhoea.
• sore throat.
• sneezing or
blocked and
runny nose
Dose
• 5 to 10 mg
orally once a
day
12. Antimicrobials
Penicillin®(Beta lactams)
Indication
• indicated in the
treatment of
moderately
severe infections
in both adults and
pediatric patients
due to penicillin-
G-susceptible
microorganisms
that are
susceptible to the
low and persistent
serum levels
common to this
particular dosage
form in the
indications listed
below.
contraindications
• include a previous
history of severe
allergic reactions
or penicillin and
its derivatives. is
also
contraindicated in
patients who have
had Stevens-
Johnson
syndrome after
administering
penicillin or a
penicillin
derivative.
Side effects
• nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, rash,
abdominal pain,
and urticarial.
muscle spasms,
fever, chills,
muscle pain,
headache,
tachycardia,
flushing,
tachypnea, and
hypotension.
Dose
• The usual dose is
33.3 to 87.5
milligrams (mg) per
kilogram (kg) (15.1 to
39.8 mg per pound) of
body weight, injected
into a vein or muscle
every four to six hours
13. ZOVIRAX® (acyclovir)
Indication
• are indicated
for the
treatment of
herpes simplex
virus infections
of the skin and
mucous
membranes
including initial
and recurrent
genital herpes
contraindications
• is
contraindicated
for patients
who develop
hypersensitivity
or who are
hypersensitive
to acyclovir,
valacyclovir or
any other
components of
the
formulations of
ZOVIRAX®
Side effects
• Numbness or
tingling of the
hands or feet.
• Leg pain.
• Sore throat.
• Skin rash.
• Dizziness or
weakness.
Dose
• 800 mg every
4 hours orally,
5 times daily
for 7 to 10
days.
14. Statins
Indication
• is a prescription
medicine used to
lower levels of
"bad" cholesterol
(low-density
lipoprotein or
LDL) and to
increase levels
of “good”
cholesterol
(high-density
lipoprotein or
HDL) and to
lower triglycerin
as well as to
reduce the risk
of stroke and
heart attacks.
contraindications
• include those
with active liver
disease,
including those
who have
elevated hepatic
enzymes,
pregnancy, and
women who may
become
pregnant or who
are
breastfeeding.
Side effects
• muscle weakness in
your hips, shoulders,
neck, and back;
trouble lifting your
arms, trouble
climbing or standing;
or.
liver problems--loss
of appetite, stomach
pain (upper right
side), tiredness,
itching, dark urine,
clay-colored stools,
jaundice (yellowing
of the skin or eyes).
Dose
• The usual
dosage range is
5 to 40 mg/day
Zocor®(simvastatin)
15. Lipitor ® (Atorvastatin)
Indication
• LIPITOR is indicated:
As an adjunct to diet
to reduce elevated
total-C, LDL-C, apo
B, and TG levels and
to increase HDL-C in
adult patients with
primary
hypercholesterolemia
(heterozygous familial
and nonfamilial) and
mixed dyslipidemia
(Fredrickson Types
IIa and IIb)
contraindications
• in patients who
consume substantial
quantities of alcohol
and/or have a history
of liver disease.
Active liver disease or
unexplained
persistent
transaminase
elevations
Side effects
• Feeling sick (nausea) or
indigestion. Stick to simple
meals and do not eat rich
or spicy food.
• Headaches. Make sure
you rest and drink plenty
of fluids. Nosebleed
• Sore throat.
• Cold-like symptoms, such
as a runny nose, blocked
nose or sneezing
• Constipation or farting
(flatulence)
• Diarrhoea.
Dose
• 10 mg to 80 mg once
daily
16. Proton Pump Inhibitors
• Pantoprazole®
Indication
• Pantoprazole for
injection is
indicated for
short-term
treatment (7-10
days) of patients
having gastro
esophageal reflux
disease (GERD)
with a history of
erosive
esophagitis, as an
alternative to oral
medication in
patients who are
unable to continue
taking
pantoprazole
delayed-release
tablets
contraindications
• Pantoprazole is
contraindicated in
patients with a
history of
hypersensitivity to
the drug itself,
components of the
formulation,
and/or other Benz
imidazole PPIs,
including
omeprazole,
lansoprazole,
rabeprazole,
esomeprazole, or
dexlansoprazole.
Side effects
• headache
• nausea.
• vomiting.
• gas.
• joint pain.
• diarrhea.
• dizziness.
Dose
• The dose of this
medicine will be
different for
different patients.
Follow your
doctor's orders or
the directions on
the label. The
following
information
includes only the
average doses of
this medicine. If
your dose is
different, do not
change it unless
your doctor tells
you to do so.
17. Cardiovascular Medications
• Zestril® (ACE inhibiters)
Indication
• Zestril is
indicated for the
treatment of
hypertension in
adult patients
and pediatric
patients 6 years
of age and older
to lower blood
pressure.
Lowering blood
pressure lowers
the risk of fatal
and non-fatal
cardiovascular
events, primarily
strokes and
myocardial
infarctions
contraindications
• ZESTRIL is
contraindicatedin
patients who are
hypersensitive to
this product and
in patients with a
history of
angioedema
related to
previous
treatment with
an angiotensin
converting
enzyme inhibitor
and in patients
with hereditary
or idiopathic
Angioedema
Side effects
• a light-headed
feeling, like you
• might pass out;
fever, sore throat
• high potassium-
nausea, weakness,
tingly feeling, chest
pain
Dose
• tablet
• 2.5mg 5mg
• 10mg 20mg
• 30mg
• 40mg
• oral solution
1mg/mL
(Qbrelis)
18. DiovanⓇ(valsartan)
Indication
• is indicated for
the treatment of
hypertension, to
lower blood
pressure in
adults and
pediatric patients
six years of age
and older.
Lowering blood
pressure
reduces the risk
of fatal and
nonfatal
cardiovascular
events, primarily
strokes and
myocardial
infarctions
contraindications
• low amount of
sodium in the
blood.
• high levels of
potassium in the
blood.
• low levels of a
type of white
blood cell called
neutrophils.
• renal artery
stenosis. low
blood pressure
Side effects
• high potassium;
• headache,
dizziness, feeling
light-headed;
• flu symptoms,
tiredness;
• cough
• stomach pain,
diarrhea;
Dose
• tablet
• 40mg
• 80mg
• 160mg
• 320mg
19. Antiretrovirals
• VIREAD(Tenofovir)
Indication
• VIREAD is
indicated for the
treatment of
chronic hepatitis
B virus (HBV) in
adults and
pediatric
patients 2 years
of age and older
weighing at
least 10 kg
contraindications
• low amount of
phosphate in
the blood.
increased blood
acidity due to
high levels of
lactic acid.
Franconia
syndrome, a
condition of the
kidneys
resulting in
excessive
urination, thirst
and vomiting.
acute kidney
failure
Side effects
• stomach pain,
nausea, vomiting.
• diarrhea;
• fever, pain;
Dose
• tablet
• 150mg
• 200mg 250mg
