1. Baking
By : Megan McGill
http://tlc.discovery.com/tv/dc-cupcakes/cupcake-photos-12.html
http://www.hotmomsclub.com/?p=7094
2. Thesis
• My interest in baking led me to researching some history
of baking, what it used to be like, and what its like today,
how baking can be used to teach, and the creativity you
can express through baking. I also wanted to use my love
for baking to help someone else out in some way, and also
show kids how baking is a fun way to learn important
skills and express their creativity which led me to making
baked goods to donate to the Upper Merion Senior
Center’s Spring Flea Market, and baking with the Little
Vikings here at the high school.
3. Why I Chose Baking
• Favorite hobby of
mine since I was
young
• Stress-Reliever
• Creative Outlet
• A way to make
others happy
4. Quote
"I figured if I was going to make the world a better place,
I'd do it with cookies."
Author: Ana Pascal, "Stranger than Fiction"
6. How Cupcakes
Got Started
baked in cups, or was it the quantity of ingredients?
http://www.boulderdowntown.com/_files/images/small-chocolate-cupcake.jpg
http://npinopunintended.wordpress.com/2010/03/20/against-the-cupcake/ Musser, George. “Cupcakes.” MAS Ultra - School Edition. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Dec. 2010.
7. History of Cakes
“Cake.” MasterFILE Premier. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Dec. 2010. <http:/.ebscohost.com//?hid>
. Stradley, Linda. “Cakes - History of Cakes.” Whats Cooking America. N.p., 2004. Web. 20 Dec. 2010.
8. Variations of Cakes and Names for Cake
http://www.tastespotting.com/features/that-chocolate-cake-recipe-scharffen-
berger
Stradley, Linda. “Cakes - History of Cakes.” Whats Cooking America. N.p., 2004. Web. 20 Dec. 2010.
9. When were Cakes Baked?
• Special
Occasions
• More wealthy,
more you will
consume
http://www.simplydevinecatering.com/wedding_cakes.htm
Stradley, Linda. “Cakes - History of Cakes.” Whats Cooking America. N.p., 2004.
Web. 20 Dec. 2010.
12. Cakes in America in 19th
Century
http://www.bettycrocker.com/recipes/heavenly-angel-food-cake/47fb0100-5df4-4dd4-b4e1-f5db1475954b
Stradley, Linda. “Cakes - History of Cakes.” Whats
Cooking America. N.p., 2004. Web. 20 Dec. 2010.
13. Early English Settlers and
Pies
Beard, James. James Beard's American Cookery. N.p.: Little, Brown and Company,
n.d
14. History Behind a
• Apple Pie • Pumpkin or Squash Pie
• Cherry Pie • Black Bottom Pie
• Rhubarb Pie • Gravel Pie
http://www.cooking-outdoors.com/february-20-is-national-cherry-pie-day/
“Pie.” History Reference Center. N.p., 2010. Web. 20 Dec. 2010.
<http:/.ebscohost.com//?hid>.
15. Pie Cont.
Beard, James. James Beard's American Cookery. N.p.: Little, Brown and Company,
n.d.
http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/2010/03/how_to_drive_a_mathematician_c.php
16. The Start of Cookies
"Grains of Truth about Cookies." Wheat Foods. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2011.
<http://www.wellnessproposals.com/nutrition/handouts/grains-fiber/
truth-about-cookies.pdf>.
17. The Start of Cookies
little cakes
"Grains of Truth about Cookies." Wheat Foods. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2011.
<http://www.wellnessproposals.com/nutrition/handouts/grains-fiber/
truth-about-cookies.pdf>.
18. The Start of Cookies
little cakes
keokje
"Grains of Truth about Cookies." Wheat Foods. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2011.
<http://www.wellnessproposals.com/nutrition/handouts/grains-fiber/
truth-about-cookies.pdf>.
19. The Start of Cookies
little cakes
keokje
cookie
"Grains of Truth about Cookies." Wheat Foods. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2011.
<http://www.wellnessproposals.com/nutrition/handouts/grains-fiber/
truth-about-cookies.pdf>.
20. The Accidental Chocolate
Chip Cookie
"Grains of Truth about Cookies." Wheat Foods. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2011.
<http://www.wellnessproposals.com/nutrition/handouts/grains-fiber/
truth-about-cookies.pdf>.
http://annies-eats.net/2008/09/08/thick-and-chewy-chocolate-chip-cookies/
21. Cookies Today
http://www.parentsconnect.com/parenting/kid/healthy-eating.html
http://fotobank.ru/image/FC04-3653.html
"Grains of Truth about Cookies." Wheat Foods. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2011.
<http://www.wellnessproposals.com/nutrition/handouts/grains-fiber/
truth-about-cookies.pdf>.
22. Baking Can Teach Kids...
• Math Skills
• Organization
• Patience
Hopkin, Margaret. "Cooking WIth Children." Extension.usu.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 2
Mar. 2011. <http://extension.usu.edu/Morgan/files/uploads/
Cooking%20with%20children%201.pdf>.
23. Baking can also teach
kids...
Hopkin, Margaret. "Cooking WIth Children." Extension.usu.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 2
Mar. 2011. <http://extension.usu.edu/Morgan/files/uploads/
Cooking%20with%20children%201.pdf>.
24. Baking can also teach
kids...
• Responsib
ility
• How to
follow
directions
Hopkin, Margaret. "Cooking WIth Children." Extension.usu.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 2
Mar. 2011. <http://extension.usu.edu/Morgan/files/uploads/
Cooking%20with%20children%201.pdf>.
25. Why Baking is “In” Again
http://tlc.howstuffworks.com/tv/cake-boss
http://tlc.discovery.com/tv/dc-cupcakes/
http://www.delish.com/cooking-shows/food-tv/duff-goldman-tricks-treats
http://www.foodnetwork.com/ace-of-cakes/index.html
26. Evolution of the stove
Both pictures are from American Cooking by Dale Brown, pg 194
Brown, Dale. Foods of the World American Cooking. Ed. Time Life Books. N.p.:
n.p., n.d. Print.
27. Acquiring the Skills and Creativity http://media.wiley.com/product_data/
excerpt/19/04700991/0470099119.pdf
28. Acquiring the Skills and Creativity http://media.wiley.com/product_data/
excerpt/19/04700991/0470099119.pdf
29. Betty Crocker?
http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2005/04/07_wurzerc_bettycrocker/histbetty.pdf - History of Betty Crocker
30. What Ingredients/recipes were first used
in baking
"Cake." MasterFILE Premier. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Dec. 2010. <http:/
web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?hid>
31. What Ingredients/Recipes
are most common today
http://66.240.36.3:81/cgi/block.cgi?URL=http://kysweettoothsisters.blogspot.com/&IP=192.168.1.2&CAT=WEBLOG&USER=115760
32. Baking as Stress Reliever
http://irresistibledisgrace.wordpress.com/2009/01/15/mitt-romney-an-expressive-analysis/ http://www.uvm.edu/llcenter/programs/1011/cakes.pdf - Cakes With a Cause
http://www.hostesswiththemostess.com/entertaining/article/kidsholidayideas
http://www.cakechannel.com/baby-shower-diaper-cake-recipe.html
33. Baking Used to Help
• Krietemeyer uses
baking skills to help
Others
• Norman girls bake
treats to help others
• Brave Billy baking to
help others
41. Class Activity
http://www.allthingscupcake.com/2010/03/03/cake-journal-cupcake-decorating/
http://www.neighborhood-kids.com/articles/2010/01/frugal-fun-for-birthday-parties-at-home/
42. Conclusio
“Do what makes you happy. Be with who makes you smile. Laugh as much as you breath and love as long as you live.”
Editor's Notes
\n
\n
I have been baking since I was little, I have always enjoyed helping out in the kitchen. Baking was an outlet for me and was a fun way for me to relieve stress and express my creativity. My main interest was making birthday cakes so whenever one of my siblings, cousins, parents, friends or kids I baby-sit for had a birthday I would be making there cake. I would ask them what there favorite thing, or sport was and design a cake from there answers. I also loved baking because of the holidays, I make cakes, cookies, or cupcakes for every holiday, from Valentines Day through Christmas. And the main reason why I love to bake is because I can use the cookies and cakes I bake to make other people happy, and put a smile on their face. \n
This quote relates to me and this project because I love to bake, and I love to help people, so the perfect solution for me is to mesh those things together, to use my baking to help others out, which is what I did in my application.\n
Baking was done in an oven of stone, followed by an oven of brick, which were built into the house right beside the fireplace. First earthen pots and pans, and wooden plates were used, then followed by China, and pewter plates.\n
First known recipe which used the term, &#x201C;cupcake&#x201D;, appeared in an American cookbook in 1826. The cup in cupcake stands for the quantity of ingredients used in it, it was just a downsized english pound cake. However Lynne Oliver, of the Food Timeline website says that she found a recipe from 1796 where they were actually baked in cups, so it is hard to say exactly when cupcakes came to be.\n
- The most primitive began making cakes shortly after they discovered flour\n- Baking Utensils and directions have been perfected and simplified, that cake making is no longer a complicated process \n- Cake is made of the basic ingredients: flour, sugar, eggs, seasonings, some other liquid(oil, water etc.), and shortening\n- Early method of cake making was to add other ingredients to a portion of bread dough\n- Most cakes today rise with either baking soda, or baking powder, but sometimes beaten eggs\n\n
Medieval England - \n\nIn medieval England the cakes that were described in writings were not cakes that we make today, instead they were flour based sweet foods, as opposed to the description of bread, which is flour based un-sweetened food. There breads and cakes were very similar, and what they called cakes were just like smaller breads. The earliest examples were found among the remains of Neolithic villages where archaeologists found simple cakes that were made up of crushed grains, that were moistened, compacted and cooked on a hot stone. Today we have a modern version of that simple cake, which would be an oatcake, or biscuit. \n\nGreeks - the greeks called cakes plakous, from the word flat. There cakes were usually a combination of honey and nuts. The greeks also had a flat and heavy cake, which they called satura.\n\nRoman Period - name for cake was Placenta\n(Placenta was like a cheesecake)\nRomans - The romans called cake libum, and cakes were used as an offering to the gods\n\nTerms bread and cake became interchangeable, and they derive from Anglo Saxon Origin, and it is believed that cake was used to describe smaller breads\n\n\n
Cakes were mainly made for special occasions because the ingredients to make cakes were so expensive. So because of this the wealthier you were the more cake you would be able to eat on a frequent basis\n
By the middle of the 18th century yeast wasn&#x2019;t really being used anymore, because people started to favor beaten eggs as a raising agent in cakes. Once the cake mixture had as much air beaten in as possible it would be poured in to molds as simple as two tin hoops, or cake hoops, which were set on top of a cookie sheet or parchment paper. Our cake pans we know today evolved from these cake hoops.\n
Early American cooks on the east coast considered cakes a symbol of well being, and each part of the country had their favorite. By the 19th century, because of the Industrial Revolution, baking ingredients were more affordable, and available because of both mass production, and the railroads. Also leavening agents we use today were invented, both baking soda and baking powder. \n
Early English Settlers brought their love of pie with them. They made meat, game, fowl, fruit, and berry pies, and a variety of pastries. They also brought cream and custard pies, but they were listed in English cookbooks as pudding rather than pies. In the early nineteenth century in America pies were common breakfast dishes, and men of rural families got up early and did at least an hour of outside chores before breakfast, so that there was enough time to bake the pies. If winters were really cold than pies were made in large quantities and put out to freeze. The varieties of pies were limited to whatever supplies families had, but dried fruit was always available to the thrifty housekeeper. \n\n
Apple Pie - Apple PIe is very common in America however it actually originated in England around the late 1300&#x2019;s. The apple pies back then were very different because most didn&#x2019;t have sugar since it was scarce and expensive, and the crusts(pastry), or coffins as they called them weren&#x2019;t meant to be eaten, they were just meant as a container. Many old AMerican cookbooks didn&#x2019;t even have apple pie recipes because it was taken for granted that every american housewife had her own favorite version, or recipe. \n\nCherry Pies - &#x201C;Pie Cherry&#x201D; trees did well in cold or moderately warm climates, and they developed fruit quickly, so they were commonly grown in backyards, and the fruit was used for cherry pies, or canned and used as a tart jam\n\nRhubard Pie - rhubard was one of the first fresh garden products of the season in cold climates, and was such a favorite for pie making that in many old cookbooks rhubarb pie was called, the pie plant pie. It was assumed that homemakers knew how to make this pie so there weren&#x2019;t many recipes in old cookbooks, but were found in diaries of early american life. \n\nPumpkin or squash pie - In the eighteenth century this pie was called a pudding because it was a one-crust pie. Yankees(northerners) preferred this pie made with pumpkin, however southerners preferred it made with sweet potatoes. Spices were not included in this pie until clipper ships made them a more common commodity. And for the sweetening in this pie, sorghum or molasses were used until white and brown sugar took over\n\nBlack bottom Pie - recipes for this pie began appearing at the turn of the century, and it was a common party dessert\n\nGravel Pie - this was a recipe that was spread throughout the country by the Pennsylvania dutch, and is typically eaten in pennsylvania dutch homes as a coffee cake\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Pies of the Romans - pies of the romans were made for occasions like banquets in the days of the empire, and were elaborate almost like showpieces.\n\nPies in England -\n14th Century - In the 14th century in England common pies were meat and fish pies.\n16th Century - fruit pies(called tarts by the english) were common in the 16th century\n\nPuritans - Mince pie was an important part of the christmas festivities, however some puritans called it &#x201C;superstitious&#x201D; pie, because they were in protest of what seemed to them to be a pagan manner of celebrating a holy feast. \n\nEnglish Settlers - English settlers in North America kept there taste and love for pie, and adapted it to their new conditions on their new land by making pumpkin and cranberry pies.\n
Cookies were originally called, little cakes, and made with sweet dough in single sized servings, and were eaten out of hand. The word cookie comes from the dutch word, keokje, which means little cake. And the Dutch were the first to popularize cookies in the United States.\n\nIn the 19th century the british took a liking to these cookies and incorporated them into their daily tea service, and called them biscuits. \n\n\n\n
Cookies were originally called, little cakes, and made with sweet dough in single sized servings, and were eaten out of hand. The word cookie comes from the dutch word, keokje, which means little cake. And the Dutch were the first to popularize cookies in the United States.\n\nIn the 19th century the british took a liking to these cookies and incorporated them into their daily tea service, and called them biscuits. \n\n\n\n
Cookies were originally called, little cakes, and made with sweet dough in single sized servings, and were eaten out of hand. The word cookie comes from the dutch word, keokje, which means little cake. And the Dutch were the first to popularize cookies in the United States.\n\nIn the 19th century the british took a liking to these cookies and incorporated them into their daily tea service, and called them biscuits. \n\n\n\n
Sometime in the 1930&#x2019;s an innkeeper in Massachusetts, Ruth Wakefield, ran out of nuts while she was making cookies, and substituted baking chocolate, by breaking it into chunks,and adding it into the cookie batter, and the Toll House Chocolate Chip Cookie was born. The cookie was named the Toll House Cookie after the Inn Ruth served it in. \n
Cookies are consumed in 95.2 percent of U.S. households. Americans alone consume over 2 billion cookies a year, or 300 cookies for each person annually.\n\n
Baking can be a great tool to use to teach kids all kinds of skills. They learn math skills from measuring ingredients, counting how many eggs they have cracked, and filling the pan with the batter half way. \nBaking can also teach kids organization and planning skills because they can look at the recipe before and figure out what they need, and how much of it they need, how many bowls and utensils they need to get out, and who is going to do what job.\nAnd baking also teaches patience because they have to wait for the cookies to finish baking, or the cookie dough to finish cooling\n \n
Baking teaches responsibility to kids because they are given tasks or jobs to do, so they learn that they have to finish what they were asked to do, and they have to clean up afterwards\nAlso baking can teach kids how to follow directions, since they need to follow a recipe, and they have to know which step is next\n\n
Shows like Cake Boss on TLC, DC Cupcakes on TLC, and Ace of Cakes on The Food Network have made home baking more popular. Buddy Valastro on the Cake Boss has shown the viewers that a simple thing like putting fondant on your cake could make it look like a professional cake, and Ace of Cakes was the first show in a while to really show people how cakes can be made into just about anything. Duff Goldman, on Ace of Cakes has made cakes that look like cars, the beach, dogs, castles, just about anything. And a recent show that is on TLC, DC Cupcakes follows two sisters who run Georgetown Cupcakes, in Washington, D.C. They don&#x2019;t show viewers how to make awesome cakes, instead they make amazing cupcakes. The show, Cake Boss, has become so popular that so many people are visiting Buddy Valastro&#x2019;s bakery, Carlo&#x2019;s Bakery, that people wait in a line outside the bakery for hours, just to get in. I have been to Carlo&#x2019;s Bakery myself, in Hoboken, New Jersey, and my family and I waited outside the bakery for over two hours. \n
The picture on the right was the &#x201C;hottest&#x201D; thing in cookware, when it came out in the 1911 Sears, Roebuck catalogue. It was a coal burner, and it was made of cast iron,and it had a warming plate on the top, which was commonly used to boil, or heat water. And the picture on the left is a picture of a porcelain gas range, and this one was in the 1924 Sears catalogue. WHat the one on the left was able to do, which was an improvement from the previous forms of stoves, was that it could keep a kitchen cleaner and cooler than the other ones. After these came &#x201C;the counters that cook&#x201D;, which were of course counter top stoves. \n
When it comes to baking, you of course first bake your cakes, or cupcakes, or whatever, but when It comes to decorating what you have baked you really have to be creative. There are so many holidays and birthdays that occur throughout the year, which are great opportunities to express ypur creativity through baking, and make something that looks and tastes great! Bakers can even be referred to as a &#x201C;culinary artist&#x201D;, which is because baking is an art form. Through the process of baking, decorating, and serving a cake your personal creativity is expressed. Before you decorate a cake, or cupcakes, you have to decide on a flavor, and then you have to figure out once it is baked how you are going to decorate it. You either come up with a design in your head, or you draw it out. Then when you actually decorate it you decide how you carve the cake, what colors you are going to mix, and use, and any extra piping or candy details you are going to put on it. And lastly you also add your creative touch when you decide how to display/serve your cake. ANd when decorating and baking a cake you can make it very simple or very complex, depending on what direction you want to go with the cake. \nhttp://www.anytimesweets.com/gallery.php,http://www.frostingsbyjudy.com/cakes-boys/single-gallery/2135650,http://cbailey.co.uk/gallery2/main.php?g2_itemId=185,http://www.urban-vibe.ca/food/car-cake/,http://www.flickr.com/photos/takesthecakeperth/page5/,http://66.240.36.3:81/cgi/block.cgi?URL=http://chefmommy-brandao.blogspot.com/2010/04/butterfly-cupcakes.html&IP=192.168.1.2&CAT=WEBLOG&USER=115760,http://66.240.36.3:81/cgi/block.cgi?URL=http://loveanddestroy.deviantart.com/art/Pokeball-cake-88988086&IP=192.168.1.2&CAT=EXART&USER=115760, http://www.ratemycakes.com/cakes.php?id=1331900421,http://www.flickr.com/photos/charleyscakes/4816863761/,http://www.cakeadelic.co.uk/2009/06/06/cake-details/birthday/ballet-shoes-birthday-cake/,http://www.flickr.com/photos/31085139@N08/3111744604/,http://66.240.36.3:81/cgi/block.cgi?URL=http://www.google.com/imgres?q=guitar+cake&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&sa=N&tbm=isch&tbnid=RG9OmaMhSevhPM:&imgrefurl=http://blog.pinkcakebox.com/grooms-guitar-cake-3-2008-07-19.htm&ei=QOecTdbcIMeCgAfK67GeBw&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=438&oei=QOecTdbcIMeCgAfK67GeBw&page=1&tbnh=100&tbnw=164&start=0&ndsp=19&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0&tx=94&ty=55&biw=1183&bih=617&IP=192.168.1.2&CAT=WEBLOG&USER=115760,http://www.flickr.com/photos/60325207@N06/page2/,http://www.miamispecialtycakes.com/Cake-Samples.html,http://www.flickr.com/photos/wickedcakesaustin/3390503666/,http://www.chefsuccess.com/f7/belle-cake-please-help-64565/,http://www.flickr.com/photos/carmonmiddleton/3909207047/,http://groomsadvice.com/2010/01/28/10colts-and-saints-grooms-cakes/\n
Betty Crocker has been associated and a symbol of General Mills&#x2019; since 1921. Betty was actually not a real person, but Betty has been identified with helpfulness, trustworthiness, and quality. Betty was created when The Washburn Crosby Company, which was a forerunner of General Mills, received thousands of questions about baking, so &#x201C;Betty Crocker&#x201D; was created as a signature on every response, to the questions. Crocker was chosen to honor a popular employee of the company, who had recently retired, William G. Crocker. And Betty was just chosen as a friendly name. In 1924 the company launched a radio show, &#x201C;The Betty Crocker Cooking School of the Air.&#x201D; In the 1920&#x2019;s it was time for Betty Crocker to have an identity so there was a drawing done of her, and ever since then her portrait has been updated seven times.\n
Fruit, sugar, spices, eggs, shortening, and flour were common ingredients used in baking in early America. Before that oats were used to make oatcakes. Early cakes were made from many eggs, brandy, or wine. Salt was also used, and it was imported, or was used in an evaporated state from the sea rocks. \n
Today in baking recipes you will most commonly find, some sort of sugar(either white or brown), eggs, oil or butter, vanilla(or some extract), flour, baking soda, or baking powder, salt, and sometimes milk or water. These take car of the levener, and sweetener.\n
Baking can help relieve stress, by taking a break from all your worries and school, and work, and is a fun way to refresh your mind. You can express your creativity, and enjoy the delightful aroma. \n
\n
Early Life Baking:\n-Early baking was done in first stone ovens, then brick ovens, which were built into the house next to the fire place\n- Earthen pots and pans were used, then china, then pewter plates/dishes\n- In early American Life spices and sugar were imported goods, and wild berries, nuts, and herbs were used, and could be found out in the wild, for exampe: strawberries, water, leeks, onions, plums, and rasberries.\n\n
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I worked with the Little Vikings, who come to the high school, on baking, and decorating baked goods. I talked with them about measurements, ingredients, the actual baking of baked goods in the oven, and ways we can decorate baked goods. They all had a chance to make icing, and color the icing, and use it to decorate cupcakes. The also rolled out cookie dough, and made cut out cookies, and decorated them. \n
At home I made various recipes from different time periods. I made different pies, cookies, cupcakes, and Cakes. I worked with various ingredients, and tried some new techniques, and I also got t use my creativity to decorate, and serve them.\n
Everyone has the name of someone else in the class on their desk. In a minute you will be decorating a cupcake for them, with the icing, and decorations I have brought. You will have five minutes to decorate your cupcake, and then everyone will deliver the cupcake they decorated to the name of the person on your desk. \n
