Fruit set, fruit ripening, reproduction in Animals

1. Fruit Set, Fruit Ripening,
Reproduction in animals, Asexual
repro, Identical twins, Sexual
Reproduction
Date 26 Nov 2020

2. ›Fruit Set:
› Fruit set is the process in which flowers become fruit and
potential fruit size is determined. It occurs after pollen is
released from male flower parts (anthers), lands on
receptive female flower parts (stigmas), produces a tube
that grows to the ovules, and fertilizes eggs contained in
them.
› Hormone responsible for fruit setting:
› Auxin is the hormone which stimulates fruit setting.
› Pollen is actually a rich source of auxin
› Pollen also stimulates the style and ovary to produce
auxin.

3. ›Fruit Rippening:
› Conversion of non-edible fruit into edible fruit.
› Hormones responsible:
› Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Ethylene
› These are released from ovary and ripe seed after
fertilization takes place.
›FUNCTION:
1. Development of embryo
2.Store food in seed and sometimes in the pericarp(fruit
wall) for the embryo

4. Climacteric
A burst of respiratory activity to
generate energy for fruit ripening is
called climacteric.
PURPOSE:
Production of Ethane which helps in fruit
ripening.

5. REPRODUCTION IN
ANIMALS

6. › Animals produce both sexually and asexually.
› TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS:
Binary Fission,
Multiple Fission,
Budding in hydra
Parthenogenesis
Tissue Culture
Cloning
Identical Twins
Less common in
animals

7. ›ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION:
› PARTHENOGENESIS
› “Egg start to develop without fertilization”.
› Found in: Ants, bees and wasp.
›HAPLOID Parthenogenesis in BEES:
› Queen bee carrying male gametes or sperm lay unfertilized
eggs. The reason is it stores sperms in a pouch having a
valve controlling its opening and closing, therefore when
valve is open sperms from pouch leave pouch and fertilize
egg and those sperm which cannot cross the valve of pouch
stay in pouch and develop into haploid bees called as MALE
BEES.

8. › DIPLOID PARTHENOGENESIS IN APHIDS:
› In females egg producing cells undergo modified from of
meiosis in which the TOTAL NON-DISJUNCTION (no
separation) of chromosomes occur.
› The egg then without fertilization develop into young female
which is diploid.

9. ›Parthenogenesis in Plants:
ADVANTAGE OF PARTHENOGENESIS:
› It speeds up the rate of reproduction.

10. ›IDENTICAL TWINS:
› In higher vertebrates when embryo is two celled stage, the two
blastomeres, instead of remaining together may separate and after
this behave as two independent zygotes with identical genetic
makeup they are called identical twins.
› THEY ARE MADE IN RESULT OF MITOSIS(ASEXUALLY).
›FRANTERNAL TWINS OR TRIPLETS:

11. ›SEXUAL REPRODUCTION:
› “Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves a
complex life cycle in which a gamete (such as a sperm or egg cell)
with a single set of chromosomes (haploid) combines with another to
produce an organism composed of cells with two sets of
chromosomes (diploid)”.
› Fertilization: “The process which leads union of two
gametes”. It could be internal or external.
› (water serve as medium for sperm transfer)

12. ›OVIPAROUS ANIMALS:
› Sperms are lodged in female body.
› IN CASE OF BIRDS AND REPTILES which are OVIPAROUS eggs are
fertilized covered with shell and are released outside female body for
development.
› VIVIPAROUS ANIMALS:
› IN CASE OF MAMMALS which are VIVIPAROUS the egg is internally
fertilized and embryo develop inside mother’s body.
›OVOVIVIPAROUS:

13. VIVIPAROUS
OVOVIVIPAR
OUS