The fire at Mantralaya, the government headquarters in Mumbai, broke out on the 4th floor on June 21, 2012. Five people died from smoke inhalation and burns, while 14 others were injured. The fire spread to the 5th and 6th floors, destroying important government records and departments. An investigation found the fire was likely caused by a short circuit in the air conditioning system. A structural audit found the building structure was still sound. However, the fire spread due to a lack of fire safety measures mandated by law, such as sprinklers, smoke detectors, and a communication line to the fire brigade. Lessons from the incident highlighted the need for all government buildings to strictly follow fire safety codes and have disaster

1. The Mantralaya Fire, Mumbai
21st June, 2012
A Case Study
BIHAR STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
2nd Floor, Pant Bhawan, Patna -800001

2. The Incident
The fire broke out in Mantralaya at approximately 2.40 PM on 21st of June 2012.
Preliminary reports suggest that the fire broke out on the 4th Floor of the Main building of
Mantralaya causing 5 deaths, rendered 14 people injured, caused immense damage to the
building and loss of important government records.
Rescue Operation
BEST (agency that supplies electricity to Mantralaya) switched off the electrical supply to the
building immediately. The Fire Brigade announced a Brigade Call and 21 fire engines, 17 water
jets, 10 Jumbo tankers, 3 ambulances and 4fire engines with hydraulic platforms were made
available at the site for rescue purpose. Hospitals were alerted to be in readiness in case of any
eventualities. Two helicopters of the Indian Navy were pressed into service to evacuate those
trapped inside the building but returned without any success as nobody could be found on the
terrace of the building in south Mumbai. Contingents of the anti-terror force-Force One and
Quick Response Teams of Mumbai police assisted the fire brigade in trying to bring the blaze
under control. On a given day, Mantralaya sees approximately 3000 employees and equal
number of visitors. On the unfortunate day, as soon as the fire broke out, approximately 4000
people were immediately evacuated through different exits in the building. A total of 65 persons
who could not be evacuated earlier were rescued by the Fire Brigade.
Casualties
There were 5 deaths in total. The deceased were suffocated and charred to death. 14 persons
were partially or seriously injured. The major causes of injury were minor burns, suffocation,
inhalation of toxic gases and fracture. The injured were admitted to the city hospitals. Some were
shifted to CCU while others were discharged after treatment.
Property Damage
The fire which had broken out on the 4th floor, spread to the 5th and subsequently to the 6th floor
of the Mantralaya. Different Departments had sustained different degrees of damages.

3. One of the worst affected departments is the Relief, Rehabilitation and Disaster Management
Department. Not only the chamber of the relief commissioner was gutted, but also the nerve
center of Disaster Management that is the EOC was totally charred by the unprecedented inferno.
The Government was quick to commence the Disaster Management coordination activities from
a temporary EOC located in the nearby office space i.e. Barrack no 08.
Photo showing the property destroyed inside the building
Some of the worst affected departments were Home, Revenue and Forest, Urban Development,
General Administration and Relief and Rehabilitation. Besides this, there were many other
departments that were partially destroyed. They included even the office of Hon’ble CM and
Hon’ble Dy CM.
The Cause
The cause of fire is still being investigated. But some of the sources claim that the fire broke out
because of short circuit followed by explosion in the air conditioning system. The investigation
is still on and the Fire Brigade Services will be submitting a detailed report in a week’s time.

4. Structural Safety Audit done by NDMA & PWD
 A team led by Prof Ravi Sinha, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay and a team
from the National Disaster Management Authority undertook a rapid structural safety
audit.
 They inspected the building on June 23, 2012 and expressed the opinion that no major
structural damage has been caused to the structure of the building which still remains
sound and safe .all structural columns and beams are safe.
 The treatment required involves re-electrification, removal of newly added steel
structures on 7 floor, and inclusion of fire safety features like fire resistant coating to
partitions electric ducts and insertion of concrete blocks between office spaces to stop
spread of fire,
The Loophole
In its final report on the Mantralaya fire, the Mumbai fire brigade is likely point out that the
government’s failure to implement the Maharashtra Fire Prevention and Life Safety Measure
Act, 2006, in its own headquarters, is one of the main reasons for the disaster.
Fire brigade officials, who met on Sunday to discuss their 12-hour-long operation and their audit
report, stated, “During our operation, we realized that nothing mandated in the Act had been
followed. There was not even a hotline between Mantralaya and the fire brigade, which could
have alerted us immediately,” (HT, June 25th). They also added that government had failed to
install and maintain fire-fighting equipment such as smoke detection system, analogue
addressable fire alarm arrangement, fire extinguishers, sprinklers, hose reel and tank storing
adequate water, which were made mandatory by the Act. Under the Act, the fire brigade is
responsible for ensuring that all important buildings follow the guidelines. But it has no
jurisdiction over Mantralaya, which is the responsibility of the public works department.
The fire went uncontrollable because of the lack of a disaster control plan and huge volumes of
wood and paper in the offices. The excessive use of wooden partitions in the building acted as
fuel to the fire thus raging it beyond anyone’s control.

5. Lessons Learned
The following lessons can be learned from the mishap at Mantralaya.
1. All the government buildings, hospitals, offices etc. should strictly follow the Fire Code
and Byelaws1.
2. There needs to be a proper maintenance of all the firefighting equipment within the
building.
3. All the establishments mentioned above need to have proper fire and electrical safety
audit.
4. A proper Disaster Communication channel is a must and it should be tested from time to
time so as to respond efficiently in the Platinum Minutes2 and thus minimize the losses.
5. Government should make it mandatory for all the government buildings, hospitals,
offices etc. to have an Office Disaster Management Plan and a Business Continuity Plan
and there should be regular testing of the plans to as to keep it updated.
6. Since data is very crucial, there should be data backup best practices adopted so as to
secure the digital data by methods such as mirroring or tape-vaulting.
7. There needs to be proper training given to the employees and staffs and mock-drills need
to be conducted at regular intervals.
8. The Emergency Operation Centre (EOC) should be multi hazard resistant and there
should be alternative sites planned for the same in case there is any failure of primary
EOC.
Conclusion
It was very unfortunate and tragic that the seat of power of Maharashtra was gutted in a fire.
Though it did not cause many human deaths (compared to the number of people trapped inside
the building at the time of fire), it caused huge property damage, loss of important government
records and valuable data. Besides this, it revealed the darker side of preparedness against fire
that Mantralaya was unprepared for. The Mantralaya, the most powerful administrative and
legislative system in the state, failed to comply with the Maharashtra Fire Prevention and Life
1
Fire Code and Byelaws such as firefighting shaft, width of stair cases, evacuation strategies, structural safety and
services, firefighting equipment and their maintenance etc.
2
The first 10 minutes immediately after disaster

6. Safety Measure Act, 2006. Non-implementation of the act, weak emergency management
system, non-maintenance of firefighting system such as alarm, smoke detectors, sprinklers, hose
pipe etc. aggravated the fire response. Also, the disaster communication channel was not
effective as there was no hotline between the Mantralaya and Fire brigade and this delayed the
response by 20 minutes.
Sources: HT, ToI, Deccan Chronicle Mumbai edition published between 22nd and 26th June, Status Report
published by R&R cell on 26th June, 1800 Hrs., Photo Courtesy: Deccan Chronicle, Mumbai Ed, 22nd
June.