Presentation from Data Center World in 2010 outlining the efficiency benefits of 400/415VAC Power Distribution from the UPS to IT loads.

1. 400V: The New Frontier for
Power Distribution in the Data
Center
Presenters:
Fred Miller
Director – Product Management & Marketing
Richard Draper
Product Manager - Cyberex

2. U.S. Data Center Power Trends
2006 2011
61 billion kilowatt-hours 100 billion kilowatt-hours
$4.5 billion in cost $7.4 billion in cost
Historical energy use Future energy
use projection
EPA Suggestions:
• Eliminate idle equipment
• Virtualize
• Consolidate
• Improve Infrastructure
Source: 2007 EPA Report on Server and Data Center Efficiency

3. Typical U.S. Data Center Power Distribution System
MV- 480V Online UPS 1,000A STS 300kVA PDU 400A RPP Processors
Transformer 480V 480V 480-208/120V 208/120V 120V
Losses: Losses: Losses: Losses: Losses: Losses:
3% 6% 0.5% 4% 0.5% 18%
Total Estimated Power Losses: 32%

4. Typical U.S. Data Center Power Distribution System
MV- 480V Online UPS 1,000A STS 300kVA PDU 400A RPP Processors
Transformer 415V 4 Pole 415V 415/240V 240V
Eliminated
Losses: Losses: Losses: Losses: Losses:
3% 6% 0.5% 0.5% 15%
Total Estimated Power Losses: 25%

5. Typical U.S. Data Center Power Distribution System
STS PDU PDU PDU
RPP
UPS
RPP
XFMR
RPP
UPS
RPP
STS PDU PDU PDU

6. Typical U.S. Data Center Power Distribution System
STS PDU PDU PDU
RPP
UPS
PDU Savings
Cost: $18,000 RPP
Qty. 6 = $108,000
Space: 4’x4’, or 16 ft2
Qty. 6 = 96 ft2
XFMR
Weight: 2,800 lbs.
Qty. 6 = 16,800 lbs.
Cooling: 24,566 BTU/hr.
RPP
Qty. 6 = 147,396 BTU/hr.
12.3 refrigeration tons
UPS
RPP
STS PDU PDU PDU

7. The New Frontier - 415/240V
• The typical server power supply operates in a range of 100 to 240 volts.
• They can be connected phase-to-neutral (120V) or phase-to-phase (208V) in a
208/120V system.
• Server power supplies are more efficient at higher voltages.
• A feeder designed for 208/120V can deliver twice the power if operated at 415/240V.
• Load formerly connected phase-to-phase at 208V are connected phase-to-neutral at
240V.
A A
240V
120V
AD
LO
5V
41
8V
20
N N
B C B C
Current Standard (208/120V) Emerging Standard (415/240V)

8. The New Frontier - 415/240V
The Increasing Power
Density of Data Center
Feeders

9. 208/120V Panelboard Capacities
225A
225A 208/120V
208/120V
1L 1N
1L PS N
PS
1G
1L 1G G
G
42 ckt. PB
42 ckt. PB
PER CIRCUIT (120V, 20A, 1P)
PER CIRCUIT (208V, 20A, 2P)
63.2kW 1920 watts 63.4kW
3328 watts
3 Conductors (1L, 1N, 1G)
3 Conductors (2L, 1G)
64.8 kW per panel max (225A)
64.8 kW per panel max (225A)
33 circuits at max load
19 circuits at max load
225A
208/120V
1L
1L PS 1G
PS G
1L PS
42 ckt. PB
PER CIRCUIT (208V, 20A, 3P)
5760 watts 63.4kW
4 Conductors (3L, 1G)
64.8 kW per panel max (225A)
11 circuits at max load

10. 415/240V Panelboard Capacities
400A
225A 415/240V
415/240V
1L 1N
1L 1N PS N
PS N
1G
1G G
G
42 ckt. PB
42 ckt. PB
PER CIRCUIT (240V, 20A, 1P)
PER CIRCUIT (240V, 20A, 1P)
126.7kW 3840 watts 161.3kW
3840 watts
3 Conductors (1L, 1N, 1G)
3 Conductors (1L, 1N, 1G)
230.4 kW per panel max (400A)
129.6 kW per panel max (225A)
42 circuits at max load
33 circuits at max load
400A 400A
415/240V 415/240V
1L 1N 1L 1N
PS N PS N
1G 1G
G G
42 ckt. PB 42 ckt. PB
PER CIRCUIT (240V, 30A, 1P) PER CIRCUIT (240V, 50A, 1P)
5760 watts 9600 watts
3 Conductors (1L, 1N, 1G)
229.6kW 3 Conductors (1L, 1N, 1G)
230.4kW
230.4 kW per panel max (400A) 230.4 kW per panel max (400A)
40 circuits at max load 24 circuits at max load

11. What About The Neutral?
• Deriving the neutral close to the load: once a requirement; is now manageable
– Advanced circuit management helps keep loads balanced
– Power factor-corrected power supplies almost eliminate triplen harmonics
– 4 pole circuit breakers
– 4 pole switching using 4 pole static switches
• Things to consider about longer 4 wire feeders
– Coordination of single phase faults
– Harmonics

12. What About The Neutral?
• The neutral is likely to be derived further from the load in a 415/240V distribution
scheme.
• Large scale data centers with long 4 wire feeders need to consider the behavior of
the neutrals.
WHITE SPACE WHITE SPACE
400A
FDR
N 225A 225A 400A
FDR FDR FDR
400A
FDR
225A 225A
FDR FDR
400A
N FDR
225A 225A
FDR FDR 400A
FDR
225A 225A 400A
FDR FDR FDR
400A
FDR
400A
N FDR
208/120V 415/240V

13. What About The Neutral?
• Some US applications of 415/240V distribution will be different from traditional
European applications because of physical scale.
WHITE SPACE
400A 400A
FDR FDR
400A 400A
FDR FDR
400A 400A
FDR FDR
400A 400A
FDR FDR
400A 400A
FDR FDR
400A 400A
FDR FDR
400A 400A
FDR FDR
400A 400A
FDR FDR
415/240V

14. What About The Neutral?
4P
3P N
N
4 POLE
3 POLE STATIC
STATIC SWITCH
SWITCH
IF SIMILAR SOURCES ARE IN
CLOSE PROXIMITY AND THEIR IF SOURCES ARE DISIMILAR AND
NEUTRALS ARE DERIVED AT THE SEPARATED BY DISTANCE A 4
SAME POINT, A 3 POLE STATIC POLE STATIC SWITCH MAY BE
SWITCH MAY BE USED. REQUIRED.

15. The Need For Metering
"If you can not measure it, you can not improve it."
- Lord Kelvin
Within a 400V Power Distribution Scheme:
• Load Balancing is now more critical. Consider the behavior of the neutral.
– 415/240V feeder neutrals are likely to be long
– Current in the neutral is minimized when the loads are balanced across the phases
General Best Practices for Metering:
• Metering Enables:
– Capacity Planning & Load Balancing
– Interruption root cause analysis
– Usage data to make efficiency improvements
• Use in new distribution and upgrade existing systems with retro-fit options
• To avoid disruption, leverage replaceable metering components when possible
• Leverage the power of management software

16. Summary - System Comparison
Efficiency Ancillary
Component 208/120V 415/240V
Improvement Savings
Facility Transformer 97% 97% - -
Online UPS 94% 94% - -
Static Switch 99.5% 99.5% - -
Cost, cooling,
Power Distribution Unit 96% Removed 4%
space, weight
50% weight
Power Cables - - - reduction & 20%
cost reduction
Remote Power Panel 99.5% 99.5% - -
Processor Operation 82% 85% 3% -
TOTAL 7%

17. 400V: The New Frontier for Power Distribution in the Data Center
QUESTIONS?
4 Pole SuperSwitch3 400V RPP Retro-Fit Metering Options
FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT US AT WWW.TNBPOWERSOLUTIONS.COM/CYBEREX