1. TMJ

2. • 1. This is the articulation between the condylar heads
of the mandible and the anterior part of the
glenoidfossa.
•
2. The principle that the nerve supplying a joint also
supplies both the muscle that move the joint and the
skin covering the articular insertion of those muscles
• 3. Type of joint of TMJ
• 4. Receptor of Specific mechanics of Proprioception in
the TMJ that function as dynamic mechanoreceptors
which accelerate movements during reflexes.
• 5. The fibers of the two portions of the Masseter are
continuous at their insertion. True or False.

3. • 6. Fill in the blank. The posterior fibers of
Temporalis muscle ______ the mandible.
• 7. Other name of pterygoideusexternus and
its innervations
• 8. It is the movement of the mandible to the
right and left during mastication
• 9. It is the position of the mandible with
maximum intercuspation of teeth
• 10. What muscles are involved in the right and
lateral movement of the jaw?

4. • 11. It is a developmental disturbance which
causes Failure on the development of
Mandibularcondyle.
• 12. Characterize the important structural changes
happened in the collagen bundles in TMJ
• 13. What happened in synovial fluid when there
is arthritis in TMJ?
• 14. What layer does the growth center occur in
the condyle of the mandible?
• 15. What ligament associated with the
Temporomandibular Joint does protect the
external auditory meatus in posterior movement
of the condyle of the mandible?

5. • 16. What important substance does the
articular capsule contain?
• 17. What is the lateral boundary of the
glenoidfossa?
• 14. TRUE or FALSE: The development of the
TMJ begins at 16 weeks in the utero.
• 15- 16. Give the two regions of mesenchymal
cells and the structures that arise from them.

6. Answers
• 1. Temporomandibular Joint
• 2. Hilton’s Law
• 3. Synovial sliding-ginglymoid joint articulation
• 4. Pacinian corpuscles
• 5. TRUE
• 6. RETRACTS
• 7. Lateral Pterygoid, Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
• 8. Bennet movement
• 9. Centric occlusion
• 10. Lateral pterygoid and Medial pterygoid
• 11. Aplasia of Condyle
• 12. Collagen bundles become thin, fragile, and separated from each other
• 13. Synovial fluid is reduced in amount and becomes thicker in viscosity
• 14. Layer of Hyaline Cartilage
• 15. (Lateral) Temporomandibular Ligament
• 16. Synovial Fluid/ Synovial Membrane
• 17. Root of the ZygomaticBone
• 18. Lateral mandibular Ligament
• 19. Synovial fluid
• 20. Root of zygomatic process of the temporal bone

7. Oral Mucosa

8. • 1.-4. Name the layers of the oral epithelium.
• 5.-7. Name the layers of the oral mucosa.
• 8. What is the principal cell in the lamina propria
of oral mucosa, which is responsible for the
elaboration and turnover of both fiber and
ground substance, and that is also important in
maintaining tissue integrity?
• 9. What is the connective tissue supporting the
oral epithelium that has these two layers: a
superficial papillary and a reticular layer?
•
• 10. It is part of the oral mucosa and at the same
time, the most peripheral part of the tooth
supporting apparatus.

9. • 11. It appears as a line that marks the connection between the attached
gingiva and the alveolar mucosa.
• 12. It is a fusiform mucosal mass that forms the midline of the palate and
represents the fusion area of the palatine processes in the hard palate.
• 13. A systemic disease in the oral mucosa that is manifested by a magenta-
colored tongue.
• 14. It is the inflammation of the gums.
• 15. It is the serious and advanced stage of gum disease, which includes
bone loss.
• 16. What type of lining mucosa is lined by a
thin, orthokeratinized, stratified squamous epithelium?
• 17. It lines the lateral wall of the gingival sulcus and is continuous with the
occlusal end of junctional epithelium apically and with the oral gingival
epithelium occlusally.
• 18. It is a shallow groove between the tooth surface and
the free gingiva that extends around the circumference of the tooth.
• 19. It is the epithelial part of the free gingival not visible from the outside
which forms a collar around the neck of tooth on the cervical enamel.
• 20. It is the part of gingiva that is attached to the teeth and alveolar bone.

10. Answers
• 1. Stratum basale/ Germinativum
2. Stratum spinosum/ Prickle-cell layer
3. Stratum granulosum/ Granular layer
4. Stratum corneum/ Superficial layer
• 5. Oral epithelium
6. Lamina propria
7. Submucosa
• 8. Fibroblast
• 9. Lamina propria
• 10. Gingiva
• 11. Mucogingival junction
• 12. Media raphe
• 13. Pernicious Anemia
• 14. Gingivitis
• 15. Periodontitis
• 16. Vermillion zone of the lips
• 17. Sulcular epithelium
• 18. Gingival sulcus
• 19. Junctional epithelium
• 20. Attached gingiva

11. Chapter 13

12. 1. Disease which is caused by the disturbance in the development of the
enamel during matrix formation. Enamel Hypoplasia
2. Cells directly involved during shedding . Odontoclast
3. Because human possess two dentitions, they are considered ______.
Diphyodont
4. Another term for shedding. Exfoliation
5. Movements made by the tooth after it has reached its functional position
in the occlusal plane. Posteruptive
6. Form of cell death. Apoptosis
7. This canal occurs where the roof of the alveolar crypt of the permanent
tooth is not complete. Gubernacular Canal
8. Made by deciduous and permanent tooth germs before they begin to
erupt. Preeruptive Phase
9. Set of dentition between the ages 6 months and 2 years. Primary teeth
10. It is the lateral bodily movement of the teeth on both sides of the mouth
toward the midline of the arch. Mesial Drift

13. 11. Physiologic process resulting in the elimination of deciduous dentition.
Shedding
12. Plays an important role in maintaining tooth position. Periodontal
Ligament
13. Type of cell that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen
Fibroblast
14. A phase that begins when tooth reaches the occlusal plane and continues
its functions. Functional Phase
15. Actual movement of the tooth towards the occlucal plane. Active Eruption
16. Another term for primary teeth. Deciduous Teeth
17. Gubernacular cord is composed of central strand of epithelium derived
from ________ Dental Lamina
18. For deciduous molar, root ________ commences on the inner surface
where the permanent premolars initially develop. Resorption
19. The occurrence when the tooth breaks out from the crypt. Eruption
20. Path of eruption of succedaneous tooth is _______ to the axis of the
deciduous tooth. Lingual

14. Answers
1. Enamel Hypoplasia
2. Odontoclast
3. Diphyodont
4. Exfoliation
5. Post eruptive
6. Apoptosis
7. Gubernacular canal
8. Preeruptive phase
9. Primary Teeth
10. Mesial Drift
11. Shedding
12. Periodontal Ligament
13. Fibroblast
14. Functional Phase
15. Active Eruption
16. Deciduous Teeth
17. Dental Lamina
18. Resorption
19. Eruption
20. Lingual

15. Chapter 10

16. • QUESTIONS:
• 1. The ruffled border of the osteoclasts demarcates what zone?
Zone of resorption
• 2. They are known as the “housekeeper” of the bone? Osteocytes
• 3. Most important function of the osteoblast-osteocyte complex?
Prevent hypermineralization of the bone
• 4. It is found between two bony plates. Spongiosa
• 5. It lines the walls of the socket. Alveolar bone proper
• 6. Outer bony plate which is the outside wall of maxilla and
mandible. Cortical Plate
• 7. Also known as tooth dependent bony structures? Alveolar
Process
• 8. Part of the alveolar process that widens when there is a loss of
masticatory function? Bone Marrow Spaces
• 9. T/F: In movement of the teeth, there is always resorption of bone
on the tense side, while there is compensatory growth of bone or
apposition on the pressure side. False
• 10. The basic unit of the bone tissue? Osteon

17. • 11. This method of ossification uses a cartilage predecessor to form
the bone tissue. Endochondral bone formation
• 12. Give 2 structures that form a network of blood vessels providing
a pathway for the nutrients for the osteocytes. Haversian Canals
and Volkmann’s Canals
• 13. This is the removal of both organic and inorganic materials from
the bone. Bone Resorption
• 14. The development of this part of the mandible is marked by a
rapid growth. Ramus of the Mandible
• 15. From which Pharyngeal Arch Cartilage does the mandible come
from? First Branchial Arch or First Pharyngeal Arch or Meckel’s
cartilage
• 16. What are the two centers of ossification of the Premaxilla?
Palate-ficial center and Prevomerine center or Paraseptal center
• 17. What is the future structure formed due to the pattern of bone
deposition or direction of ossification of the Maxilla proper? What
does it transmit? Infraorbital groove; Infraorbital nerve

18. Answers
1. Zone of resorption
2. Osteocytes
3. Prevent hypermineralization of bone
4. Spongiosa
5. Alveolar bone proper
6. Cortical plate
7. Alveolar process
8. Bone marrow spaces
9. False
10. Osteon
11. Endochondral bone formation
12. Volkmann’s Canal &Haversian Canal
13. Bone Resorption
14. Ramus of the mandible
15. First Pharyngeal Arch or Meckel’s Cartilage
16. Paraseptal center
17. Infraorbital groove/ infraorbital nerve

19. Chapter 12

20. What two parts of the oral cavity are devoid of minor salivary glands?
• Gingival, anterior hard palate
• What type of saliva does the labial gland secrete?
• Mixed type
• What type of epithelium lines the intercalated ducts?
• Low cuboidal epithelium
• What is the product secreted by mucous cells containing high carbohydrate content?
• Mucin
• What is the lining epithelium of striated ducts?
• Columnar epithelium
• What is the disease of the salivary gland characterized by the formation of calculi along the ducts?
• Sialolithiasis
• What is the virus causing mumps?
• Paramyxovirus
• What is the gland whose primordial arises first from the oral mucosa?
• Parotid gland
• True or False: The saliva contains lysozymes which help in degradation of bacterial cell wall.
• True
• Mixed saliva is secreted by what glands?
• Submandibular and sublingual glands

21. • What is the complex fluid found lubricating the mucosa and teeth of the oral cavity?
• Saliva
• Where does the Wharton’s duct drain its secretions?
• Sublingual papilla
• What are the ducts of the sublingual gland that drain directly into the sublingual fold?
• Ducts of Rivinus
• During the resting flow of saliva, what is the percentage contribution of the submandibular gland?
• 60%
• What are the two parts of the conventional functional unit of salivary glands?
• Parenchyma and stroma
• This is the ability of the saliva to constantly flush food debris from interproximal spaces of the
teeth.
• Lavaging
• This is the defensive component of the saliva that is capable of removing clumps of bacteria.
• Immunoglobulin A
• What is the ideal pH of the oral cavity? 6.5-6.8pH
• Which duct opens opposite the upper second molar?
• Stensen’s duct
• What are the structures found capping the mucous cells of submandibular glands?
• Serous demilunes