Navigating Identity and Access Management in the Modern Enterprise
04 Console input output-
1. Console Input / OutputConsole Input / Output
Reading and Writing to the ConsoleReading and Writing to the Console
Svetlin NakovSvetlin Nakov
Telerik CorporationTelerik Corporation
www.telerik.comwww.telerik.com
2. Table of ContentsTable of Contents
Printing to the ConsolePrinting to the Console
Printing Strings and NumbersPrinting Strings and Numbers
Reading from the ConsoleReading from the Console
Reading CharactersReading Characters
Reading StringsReading Strings
Parsing Strings to Numeral TypesParsing Strings to Numeral Types
Reading Numeral TypesReading Numeral Types
Various ExamplesVarious Examples
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3. Printing to the ConsolePrinting to the Console
Printing Strings, Numeral Types and ExpressionsPrinting Strings, Numeral Types and Expressions
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4. Printing to the ConsolePrinting to the Console
Console is used to display information in a textConsole is used to display information in a text
windowwindow
Can display different values:Can display different values:
StringsStrings
Numeral typesNumeral types
All primitiveAll primitive datadata typestypes
To print to the console use the classTo print to the console use the class ConsoleConsole
((System.ConsoleSystem.Console))
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5. The Console ClassThe Console Class
Provides methods for console input and outputProvides methods for console input and output
InputInput
Read(…)Read(…) – reads a single character– reads a single character
ReadKey(…)ReadKey(…) – reads a combination of keys– reads a combination of keys
ReadLine(…)ReadLine(…) – reads a single line of characters– reads a single line of characters
OutputOutput
Write(…)Write(…) – prints the specified– prints the specified
argument on the consoleargument on the console
WriteLine(…WriteLine(…)) – prints specified data to the– prints specified data to the
console and moves to the next lineconsole and moves to the next line
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6. Console.Write(…)Console.Write(…)
Printing more than one variable using aPrinting more than one variable using a
formatting stringformatting string
int a = 15;int a = 15;
......
Console.Write(a); // 15Console.Write(a); // 15
Printing an integer variablePrinting an integer variable
double a = 15.5;double a = 15.5;
int b = 14;int b = 14;
......
Console.Write("{0} + {1} = {2}", a, b, a + b);Console.Write("{0} + {1} = {2}", a, b, a + b);
// 15.5 + 14 = 29.5// 15.5 + 14 = 29.5
Next print operation will start from the same lineNext print operation will start from the same line
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7. Console.WriteLine(…)Console.WriteLine(…)
Printing more than one variable using aPrinting more than one variable using a
formatting stringformatting string
string str = "Hello C#!";string str = "Hello C#!";
......
Console.WriteLine(str);Console.WriteLine(str);
Printing a string variablePrinting a string variable
string name = "Marry";string name = "Marry";
int year = 1987;int year = 1987;
......
Console.Write("{0} was born in {1}.", name, year);Console.Write("{0} was born in {1}.", name, year);
// Marry was born in 1987.// Marry was born in 1987.
Next printing will start from the next lineNext printing will start from the next line
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8. Printing to the Console – ExamplePrinting to the Console – Example
static void Main()static void Main()
{{
string name = "Peter";string name = "Peter";
int age = 18;int age = 18;
string town = "Sofia";string town = "Sofia";
Console.Write("{0} is {1} years old from {2}.",Console.Write("{0} is {1} years old from {2}.",
name, age, town);name, age, town);
// Result: Peter is 18 years old from Sofia.// Result: Peter is 18 years old from Sofia.
Console.Write("This is on the same line!");Console.Write("This is on the same line!");
Console.WriteLine("Next sentence will be" +Console.WriteLine("Next sentence will be" +
" on a new line.");" on a new line.");
Console.WriteLine("Bye, bye, {0} from {1}.",Console.WriteLine("Bye, bye, {0} from {1}.",
name, town);name, town);
}}
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12. Reading from the ConsoleReading from the Console
Reading Strings and Numeral TypesReading Strings and Numeral Types
13. Reading from the ConsoleReading from the Console
We use the console to read information fromWe use the console to read information from
the command linethe command line
We can read:We can read:
CharactersCharacters
StringsStrings
Numeral types (after conversion)Numeral types (after conversion)
To read from the console we use the methodsTo read from the console we use the methods
Console.Read()Console.Read() andand Console.ReadLine()Console.ReadLine()
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14. Console.Read()Console.Read()
Gets a single character from the console (afterGets a single character from the console (after
[Enter] is pressed)[Enter] is pressed)
Returns a result of typeReturns a result of type intint
ReturnsReturns -1-1 if there aren’t more symbolsif there aren’t more symbols
To get the actually read character weTo get the actually read character we
need to cast it toneed to cast it to charchar
int i = Console.Read();int i = Console.Read();
char ch = (char) i; // Cast the int to charchar ch = (char) i; // Cast the int to char
// Gets the code of the entered symbol// Gets the code of the entered symbol
Console.WriteLine("The code of '{0}' is {1}.", ch, i);Console.WriteLine("The code of '{0}' is {1}.", ch, i);
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16. Console.ReadKey()Console.ReadKey()
Waits until a combination of keys is pressedWaits until a combination of keys is pressed
Reads a single character from console or aReads a single character from console or a
combination of keyscombination of keys
Returns a result of typeReturns a result of type ConsoleKeyInfoConsoleKeyInfo
KeyCharKeyChar – holds the entered character– holds the entered character
ModifiersModifiers – holds the state of [Ctrl], [Alt], …– holds the state of [Ctrl], [Alt], …
ConsoleKeyInfo key = Console.ReadKey();ConsoleKeyInfo key = Console.ReadKey();
Console.WriteLine();Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Character entered: " + key.KeyChar);Console.WriteLine("Character entered: " + key.KeyChar);
Console.WriteLine("Special keys: " + key.Modifiers);Console.WriteLine("Special keys: " + key.Modifiers);
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18. Console.ReadLine()Console.ReadLine()
Gets a line of charactersGets a line of characters
Returns aReturns a stringstring valuevalue
ReturnsReturns nullnull if the end of the input is reachedif the end of the input is reached
Console.Write("Please enter your first name: ");Console.Write("Please enter your first name: ");
string firstName = Console.ReadLine();string firstName = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("Please enter your last name: ");Console.Write("Please enter your last name: ");
string lastName = Console.ReadLine();string lastName = Console.ReadLine();
Console.WriteLine("Hello, {0} {1}!",Console.WriteLine("Hello, {0} {1}!",
firstName, lastName);firstName, lastName);
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20. Reading Numeral TypesReading Numeral Types
Numeral types can not be read directly from theNumeral types can not be read directly from the
consoleconsole
To read a numeral type do the following:To read a numeral type do the following:
1.1. RRead a string valueead a string value
2.2. Convert (parse) it to the required numeral typeConvert (parse) it to the required numeral type
int.Parse(string)int.Parse(string) – parses a– parses a stringstring toto intint
string str = Console.ReadLine()string str = Console.ReadLine()
int number = int.Parse(str);int number = int.Parse(str);
Console.WriteLine("You entered: {0}", number);Console.WriteLine("You entered: {0}", number);
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21. Converting Strings to NumbersConverting Strings to Numbers
Numeral types have a methodNumeral types have a method Parse(…)Parse(…) forfor
extracting the numeral value from a stringextracting the numeral value from a string
int.Parse(string)int.Parse(string) –– stringstring intint
longlong.Parse(string).Parse(string) –– stringstring longlong
floatfloat.Parse(string).Parse(string) –– stringstring floatfloat
CausesCauses FormatExceptionFormatException in case ofin case of errorerror
string s = "123";string s = "123";
int i = int.Parse(s); // i = 123int i = int.Parse(s); // i = 123
long l = long.Parse(s); // l = 123Llong l = long.Parse(s); // l = 123L
string invalid = "xxx1845";string invalid = "xxx1845";
int value = int.Parse(invalid); // FormatExceptionint value = int.Parse(invalid); // FormatException
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22. Reading Numbers from theReading Numbers from the
Console – ExampleConsole – Example
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static void Main()static void Main()
{{
int a = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());int a = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
int b = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());int b = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine("{0} + {1} = {2}",Console.WriteLine("{0} + {1} = {2}",
a, b, a+b);a, b, a+b);
Console.WriteLine("{0} * {1} = {2}",Console.WriteLine("{0} * {1} = {2}",
a, b, a*b);a, b, a*b);
float f = float.Parse(Console.ReadLine());float f = float.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine("{0} * {1} / {2} = {3}",Console.WriteLine("{0} * {1} / {2} = {3}",
a, b, f, a*b/f);a, b, f, a*b/f);
}}
23. Converting Strings toConverting Strings to
Numbers (2)Numbers (2)
Converting can also be done using the methods ofConverting can also be done using the methods of
thethe ConvertConvert classclass
Convert.ToInt32(string)Convert.ToInt32(string) –– stringstring intint
Convert.ToSingle(string)Convert.ToSingle(string)–– stringstring floatfloat
Convert.ToInt64(string)Convert.ToInt64(string)–– stringstring longlong
Internally uses the parse methods of the numeralInternally uses the parse methods of the numeral
typestypes
string s = "123";string s = "123";
int i = Convert.ToInt32(s); // i = 123int i = Convert.ToInt32(s); // i = 123
long l = Convert.ToInt64(s); // l = 123Llong l = Convert.ToInt64(s); // l = 123L
string invalid = "xxx1845";string invalid = "xxx1845";
int value = Convert.ToInt32(invalid); // FormatExceptionint value = Convert.ToInt32(invalid); // FormatException
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25. Error Handling when ParsingError Handling when Parsing
Sometimes we want to handle the errors whenSometimes we want to handle the errors when
parsing a numberparsing a number
Two options: useTwo options: use trytry--catchcatch block orblock or TryParse()TryParse()
Parsing withParsing with TryParse()TryParse()::
string str = Console.ReadLine();string str = Console.ReadLine();
int number;int number;
if (int.TryParse(str, out number))if (int.TryParse(str, out number))
{{
Console.WriteLine("Valid number: {0}", number);Console.WriteLine("Valid number: {0}", number);
}}
elseelse
{{
Console.WriteLine("Invalid number: {0}", str);Console.WriteLine("Invalid number: {0}", str);
}}
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28. Printing a Letter – ExamplePrinting a Letter – Example
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Console.Write("Enter person name: ");Console.Write("Enter person name: ");
string person = Console.ReadLine();string person = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("Enter company name: ");Console.Write("Enter company name: ");
string company = Console.ReadLine();string company = Console.ReadLine();
Console.WriteLine(" Dear {0},", person);Console.WriteLine(" Dear {0},", person);
Console.WriteLine("We are pleased to tell you " +Console.WriteLine("We are pleased to tell you " +
"that {1} has chosen you to take part " +"that {1} has chosen you to take part " +
"in the "Introduction To Programming" " +"in the "Introduction To Programming" " +
"course. {1} wishes you good luck!","course. {1} wishes you good luck!",
person, company);person, company);
Console.WriteLine(" Yours,");Console.WriteLine(" Yours,");
Console.WriteLine(" {0}", company);Console.WriteLine(" {0}", company);
30. Calculating Area – ExampleCalculating Area – Example
Console.WriteLine("This program calculates " +Console.WriteLine("This program calculates " +
"the area of a rectangle or a triangle");"the area of a rectangle or a triangle");
Console.Write("Enter a and b (for rectangle) " +Console.Write("Enter a and b (for rectangle) " +
" or a and h (for triangle): ");" or a and h (for triangle): ");
int a = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());int a = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
int b = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());int b = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
Console.Write("Enter 1 for a rectangle or 2 " +Console.Write("Enter 1 for a rectangle or 2 " +
"for a triangle: ");"for a triangle: ");
int choice = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());int choice = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
double area = (double) (a*b) / choice;double area = (double) (a*b) / choice;
Console.WriteLine("The area of your figure " +Console.WriteLine("The area of your figure " +
" is {0}", area);" is {0}", area);
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32. SummarySummary
We have discussed the basic input and outputWe have discussed the basic input and output
methods of the classmethods of the class ConsoleConsole
Write(…)Write(…) andand WriteLine(WriteLine(……))
Used to write values to the consoleUsed to write values to the console
Read(…)Read(…) andand ReadLine(ReadLine(……))
Used to read values from the consoleUsed to read values from the console
Parsing numbers to stringsParsing numbers to strings
int.Parse(…)int.Parse(…),, double.Parse(…)double.Parse(…), …, …
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34. ExercisesExercises
1.1. Write a program that readsWrite a program that reads 33 integer numbers frominteger numbers from
the console and prints their sum.the console and prints their sum.
2.2. Write a program that reads the radiusWrite a program that reads the radius rr of a circleof a circle
and prints its perimeter and area.and prints its perimeter and area.
3.3. A company has name, address, phone number, faxA company has name, address, phone number, fax
number, web site and manager. The manager hasnumber, web site and manager. The manager has
first name, last name, age and a phone number.first name, last name, age and a phone number.
Write a program that reads the information about aWrite a program that reads the information about a
company and its manager and prints them on thecompany and its manager and prints them on the
console.console.
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35. Exercises (2)Exercises (2)
4.4. Write a program that reads two positive integerWrite a program that reads two positive integer
numbers and prints how many numbersnumbers and prints how many numbers pp existexist
between them such that the reminder of the divisionbetween them such that the reminder of the division
byby 55 isis 00 (inclusive). Example:(inclusive). Example: p(17,25)p(17,25) == 22..
5.5. Write a program that gets two numbers from theWrite a program that gets two numbers from the
console and prints the greater of them. Don’t useconsole and prints the greater of them. Don’t use ifif
statements.statements.
6.6. Write a program that reads the coefficientsWrite a program that reads the coefficients aa,, bb andand cc
of a quadratic equationof a quadratic equation aaxx22
+b+bxx+c=0+c=0 and solves itand solves it
(prints its real roots).(prints its real roots).
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36. Exercises (3)Exercises (3)
7.7. Write a program that gets a numberWrite a program that gets a number nn and after thatand after that
gets moregets more nn numbers and calculates and prints theirnumbers and calculates and prints their
sum.sum.
8.8. Write a program that reads an integer numberWrite a program that reads an integer number nn
from the console and prints all the numbers in thefrom the console and prints all the numbers in the
interval [interval [11....nn], each on a single line.], each on a single line.
9.9. Write a program to print the first 100 members ofWrite a program to print the first 100 members of
the sequence of Fibonaccithe sequence of Fibonacci: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21,: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21,
34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, …34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, …
10.10. Write a program to calculate the sum (with accuracyWrite a program to calculate the sum (with accuracy
of 0.001): 1 + 1/2 - 1/3 + 1/4 - 1/5 + ...of 0.001): 1 + 1/2 - 1/3 + 1/4 - 1/5 + ...
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