Portfolio from Maviz Lu

PORTFOLIO
2001-2008
Maviz S.C. LU

CONTENTS
Excellent projects during the master programme (Delft, NL)
2007-08
Efficient urban planning in new energy era 4
--The approach of urban renewal by premise of large-scale
greenhouse gas reduction through a case study in Rotterdam

2007
Leiden station sea side lighting proposal 34

Preference projects from working practice (Shanghai, CN)
2003-05
46
Raw material office
On the surface of container 58

Excellent project in the university (Taichung, TW)
2001-02
In the process of symmetry 74

Chronology 106

2007-08
Efficient urban planning in new energy era
--The approach of urban renewal by premise of large-scale
greenhouse gas reduction through a case study in Rotterdam
An eight-month research project was developed based on energy use pattern in current urban
development in the Netherlands. The project on the one hand introduced the relationship between
spatial strategies and energy consumption pattern, on the other hand answered local solutions
through a master plan practice. The project as a pioneer planning pattern of energy sustainability has
been strongly commended by my memtor team. With the honor, a guide book as the end product
has been introduced through public lecture for educational purpose in TU Delft.

Mentors Dr. Ir. F.D. van der Hoeven
Dr. D. Sepulveda
Prof. Ir. C.A.J. Duijvestein

Introduction 1

—global warming, energy problems and urban development
2007-2008

In many countries, urban planning has been developed as one of the means to organize
and to integrate limited resources and spaces. The procedure of urban planning includes
consistent revisions, balancing social-economic development and many environmental
issues. Having been manifested in the thought, ‘sustainable development’, it is becoming 2
a main theme concerning the life of next generations.

Energy use is of particular importance among all the themes of sustainable
developments. Firstly, advancement of energy use impulses every jump of civilization.
For instance, the way that we use energy for cars and heating systems nowadays did not
exist a hundred years ago. Gradually the pursuit of economic growth and a better quality
of life is stimulating a permanent, increasing global energy demand. Secondly, energy
production and consumption (including heat and electricity production, oil refining as
well as use by households, services, industry and transport) cause considerable increasing
pressures on the environment. These pressures include the constant emission of gases
contributing to the greenhouse effect, waste generation, oil spills and other air pollutants.
In a great degree, these contribute to climate change, damage of natural ecosystems and
also the man-made environment. Moreover, these are the causes of adverse effects to
human health. Worldwide studies have provided scientific evidence that the increase of
greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere is largely of human origin. Furthermore, 3
it has a direct bearing on the climate change. Human activities represent sources of
greenhouse gas emissions mainly through conventional energy consumption, the burning
of fossil fuels.

The more that energy and climate problems become urgent, like two sides of the same
coin, climate solutions have been studied in many different fields. It is logical that energy
alternatives only come into existence with the understanding of how users consume
energy. However, the pertinence of specializing technologies and measures based on “
different horses for different courses” have been developed separately. As mentioned
in European Council in March 2007, nowadays weaknesses in the energy research and
innovation system are short of network connection, scattered and un-coordinated market
incentives, and scattered, fragmented and sub-critical research and innovation capacities.
Thus a muti-sectoral strategy and set plans are crucial joints in which technical innovation
and measurement can take place.

Scattered implementation in the realm of urban planning concerning energy and 4
climate alleviation can also be found in many research studies. ‘Means of saving
energy’ apply in a single target or a small scale. However, spatial strategies have
not yet been integrated with energy demand, which is easily proven by current
city plans from municipalities in the Netherlands. For example, the transit
plan and displacement of urban functions account for accessibility rather than
possible side-effects, both encourage car use. Since the Kyoto protocol world
conference in 1997, traffic density in the Netherlands has raised 15% (2005);
road networks increased 2,937 km from 2000 to 2004; and nearly 7 million cars
were registered in the Netherlands in 2005, a 10 percent increase from 2000
(CBS, 2006). The problems of urban transportation cannot be explained by any
single reason, but it is necessary to redefine spatial strategies especially when
we are facing the terrific pressure to limit the rise of global temperature within 2
°C. (the tipping point of a catastrophic climate.)

It appears that current reactions are too slow for the environmental
enhancement. One of the bottle-necks which has existed in the initial planning
levels is how to take care of mass sectors of urban environment and their
affiliation to the systematic energy chain. This includes some rising questions:

—What kinds of spatial strategies can minimize their contribution to
Green House Gas (GHG) emissions?
—What is the main task for the sustainable energy plan in urban
planning level and what is not?

This projetc was produced after eight-months research concerning spatial
strategies and energy consumption. Through a master plan practice and relative
research support, we hope to answer the questions above. The intention of this
guide is to denote how to use fewer sectors to create large-scale GHG reduction
by the means of urban planning. The strategies included in this project mainly
focus on the housing and transport sectors which account for almost 50% of the Figure 1
Source: F.D. van der Hoeven, TU Delft
energy consumption in the Netherlands. They are the essentials in every urban Figure 2
plan. The approach used for the housing sector is also applicable for buildings Source: RAND Europe, 2007
with other functions. Figure 3
The map presence of nitrogen dioxide, an important precursor in the production of ground-level ozone.
Rotterdam region produced great NO2 and CO2 (map below) emissions.
Source:KNMI/FMI/NIVR/Nasa, 2005
Figure 4
Dutch energy consumption trends and end users

5
2007-2008

Figure 5

The role of urban planning in new energy era: Urban planning in new energy era ought to aware that energy adaptation be counted as separated items of spatial
transformation. Proper urban plan or urban renewal plan can provide favorable environments to optimize energy saving measures. And in instrument package, integrated programs concerning spatial planning and
energy saving should be included.

Infrastructure, existing and new
I Site introduction 6

Infrastructure, existing and new

1.1 Energy use scale and GHG emission in Rotterdam
Rotterdam is the second city of the Netherlands, the biggest port in Europe, the
economic, social and cultural center of the Rijnmond ('Rhine Estuary') region
and the industrial heart of the Netherlands. On the one hand, a year by year
expansion plan of Rotterdam port successfully guaranteed economic growth;
on the other hand, industrial cluster has resulted in a great amount of GHG
emissions. The Rijnmond region has become one of the highest NO2 and CO2
concentrated area in Europe as a result of maritime and road transport, energy
production, import of energy carriers and industrial activities (Figure 3,7).

Energy use in Rijnmond is significant, amounting to approximately one seventh
of the total energy use in the Netherlands. Rotterdam port releases three times
more CO2 than city area based on the data in 2005. It was assumed the port
emission would increase more than 80% CO2 by 2025, and the city would rise to Existing motorway New city highway
Existing motorway New city highway
To increase capacity of national track t.b.v PR (park and travel) location 1000 +
To increase capacity of national track t.b.v PR (park and travel) location 1000 +

30% more, if there is no proper control.
stedenbaan and HSL
Broaden motorway Undergroud city highway stedenbaan and HSL
Broaden motorway Undergroud city highway
Centre-landscape (existing + new) bicycle routes
Centre-landscape (existing + new) bicycle routes
Study new IC station
New motorway Light rail / Metro
Study new IC station
New motorway Light rail / Metro
Study new stedenbaa station Centre boulevard (existing + new)
Study new motorway New light rail

The 2006 ‘Rotterdamse Energy-Programma’ (REP, Rotterdam Energy Programme)
Study new stedenbaa station Centre boulevard (existing + new)
Study new motorway New light rail
Existing city highway HSL / Betuwe line Study third city bridge City boulevard (existing + new)
Existing city highway HSL / Betuwe line Study third city bridge City boulevard (existing + new)

and the ROM -Rijnmond/R3 programme gives Rotterdam a head start in the 7
management of energy and climate concerns. The mission includes utilization of
industrial excess heat for residences, driving a leading project of energy saving
and energy innovations, and approaching large-scale energy saving measures. In
2007, Rotterdam Energy and Climate Programme has set the ambition to further
develop Rotterdam into a CO2-free city and first-rate energy port: ‘the world
capital of CO2 free energy’. This ambition is expressed in the target of a 50%
reduction in CO2 by 2025, relative to 1990, for the city as well as for the port.

It is a great challenge for the Rotterdam region concerning GHG reduction
because of it’s important role in transporting gate and energy carriers to all
of Europe. However Rotterdam Energy and Climate Program has shown the
reaction and determination at the municipality level to deal with energy
correlated problems. There is a need for embodiment of solutions upon different Figure 6
disciplines which can be developed and integrated in detail for fulfillment of the Motorway extension and enlargement transport plan in Stadsvisie Rotterdam 2030. Source: Gemeente
Rotterdam, 2007
set target. Hereby this project can also be seen as a follow up, especially at the
Figure 7
urban planning level. High concentration of NO2 was along the motorway, car artery and shipping road in Rotterdam, 2005.
Source: URBIS, 2005

1.2 Problems and potential in a local level
The Energy and Climate Program has to be realized locally and applied in good sequence. The large restructuring sites normally inherit certain urban problems
which have been concluded in the evaluation process. These problem sites have gained the opportunity to change in large scales physically. They also have
2007-2008

a good potential to be included in the energy and climate program, which means to integrate with more environmental thinking in initial planning phases.
Pendrecht which is one of the large restructuring areas in the plan was chosen as the illustrated site in this project (figure 8). The choice was narrowed down
by local energy use pattern in the transport and housing sector. Site analysis concerning the energy use pattern in Pendrecht can be summarized in two points:

- Rotterdam is the one of low bicycle use rate municipalities in the Netherlands (figure 9). It’s transport mode, especially in short distance movement
(5km), has potential to be improved greatly. Pendrecht does not have sufficient public transportation provision, and very low bicycle use, therefore
substantiating the necessity for improvement.
- Postwar social housing, without updating, consumes two times more energy for heating compared to the housing which was built in 2000.
Pendrecht, as a well-known postwar social housing area, could be a prime candidate to adopt housing renovation options, with cost-effective strategies.
It would allow Rotterdam to explore the possibility of large scale energy savings in the housing sector.

8 9

Charlois

Pendrecht

Figure 8
Left: large restructuring area in Rotterdam south. Source: Gemeente Rotterdam, 2006. Right: public transportation provision (10 minutes walking
catchment area).
Figure 9
Comparing transport mode in Amsterdam and Rotterdam.
10

1.3 Brief history of Pendrecht 10

Pendrecht belongs to sub-municipality Charlois and is a six thousand
dwelling neighborhood on the south edge of Rotterdam. It is bordered
by highway A15, cargo railway Betuwelijn, Waalhaven, and Zuiderpark
(the biggest city park in Rotterdam). After the bombing of the inner city
of Rotterdam in 1940, Pendrecht was assigned by the municipality of
Rotterdam to relieve the housing shortage. In 1947, the design for the
new residential district Pendrecht was created by urban architecture
Charlotte Ida Anna Beese. The concept was to create an ideal society, an
inseparable entity, meaning a well-functioning community. Pendrecht
was designed to fulfill necessary living demands for inhabitants: shops,
schools, churches, a community hall, etc. The plan was composed of
stamp pattern housing blocks, one commercial and social core and a
quadrant canal system (figure 10). For a certain period, the time which
pursued a modernized version, international style and new life in
suburbia, Pendrecht was a model district in the Netherlands and even
internationally. It was called Lotte Stam-Beese style.

After 1964, increasing unemployment and decreasing population in
Rotterdam occurred as a result of the transfer of industry composition
and social change. Confronting the tide of emigration and competition
from new built area, Pendrencht gradually lost its crown of the housing
market. Decreasing district population resulted in housing vacancies and
local economy degradation. Large and empty semi-public courtyards,
isolated district position, unconnected road layouts furthered the
problem of social security. Pendrencht home values dropped dramatically
so it became the area for low income migration. In Sep 2004, the ‘Vital
Pendrecht’ program was offered as a solution to resist the downward
reputation of Pendrecht through education and local upgrades. In ‘
Rotterdam Implementation Plan of Urban Project’ (Uitvoeringsplan
Stedelijke Projecten, 2003), Pendrecht was also approved for a large
restructuring plan to take place from 2006 to 2010 to improve the
physical living quality.
Figure 10
Pendrecht 2007. The plan in 1950 presented the stamp pattern housing blocks in Pendrecht, the
commercial core is in the center of the district. The central sqare and some housing have been
rebuilt (photo above). Postwar social housing is still dominant housing povision in Pendrecht, their
condition as photo below.
11

11
II. Defining six spatial values which related to
energy use pattern
2007-2008

Large scale greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction would not be fulfilled
without optimal process of initial program, action plan, measures
and their implementation. Initial program and action plan can only be
realized with the support or the performance of government power.
Evaluation and implementation measures in general are given by different
stakeholders in one project with different intentions. Evaluation measures
are made for monitoring and administration purposes; they evaluate
direct effects after the planning stage or completion of the project. For
example, most of sustainable indicators which minister evaluating process
for government have strong characteristics of monitoring. Implementing
measures means the method to execute plans in practice. These kind
of measures, relying on thematic assessment, mainly deal with local
conditions and project demands. Urban renewal normally takes place
under neighborhood scale. The focus on this section is to reveal what the
efficient implementing measures are, concerning GHG reduction in urban
renewal process.

Corresponding to global warming, sustainable energy measures in urban
planning level, especially when they meet existing urban context, can be
related to six spatial values in housing and transport sectors. Three of
them as below influence the choice of transport modes (figure11), and
transport modes present different levels of GHG emissions (figure12-15).

Framework of movement
Provision of transport alternatives
Land-use characteristics
Another three values deal with energy consumption in housing renewal
plan (figure16-18):
Proportion of different types of building
Tendency point of improvement
Design urban structure with high climatic quality
Figure 11
They guide the process of (renewal) master plan to partake, to assist and Three spatial planning values influencing (20-30%) the
to optimize GHG reduction in accordance with their range of application. choice of transport modes and travel demand, which
related to GHG emissions in local level.
1

Figure 12 13
Transport pattern of Pendrecht, from graphic map--analysis: 10 minutes biking catchment area and connected
urban function. It shows deficient bicycle path inside of community.
Figure 13-14
Transport pattern of Pendrecht, from graphic map--analysis: Pendrecht is surrounded by high speed city roads
on the north and west sides with a four-lane road on the east side although the road stops at the border
of Penfrecht. The south side is fully blocked by the infrastructure cluster: metro track, cargo train track and
motorway. Except the road on west side, which is the one of artery for the city, the others are just for local traffic
yet have full scale of city road. Parking space is sufficiently arranged within every housing block and at the road
sides. Pendrecht was purposely designed for an easy-car-use life style.

12
14

1

15 16
3 values for energy consumption in housing renewal plan:
3 values for energy consumption in housing renewal plan:
2007-2008

Proportion of different types building
Proportion of different types ofof building

Energy performance on
housing—district level

Amount (dwelling) : 00 1
Figure 15 Land use character:Main living functions were configured from north to south along the 1% 1% %
middle axis of Pendrencht. Metro station does not directly connect to the core commercial areas. Energy performance EPC .0 EPC1.0 EPC0.

Figure 16 Energy performance on housing—district level
There were 6018 dwellings in Pendrecht in 2006. The proportion of building age in Pendrecht as Below left: Energy demands vs. housing types
follows: 51% of the housing was built between 1954 to1960, 14% of new housing replacement
Below right: The change of housing occupation number through years and its assumption.
was completed after 2000, 35% of old housing will be further replaced by new housing before
2010. Energy performance of the housing which was built after 1996 has been regulated by the
standard of policy tool EPC: EPC 1.0 after 2000 and EPC 0.8 after 2006.

Figure 17 Potential and tendency analysis
This part of the analysis provides backup to decision making and strategies in the urban renewal
project. It includes a feasibility study for two schemes of development: new housing replacement
and old housing renovation. Several integrated issues such as comparison of energy related
technology, adaptation options and policy tendency in the Netherlands are covered.
Schemes of development I -- new housing replacement
The cost of new building is expected to increase because of tighter standards for energy
performance from policy trends in the Netherlands. The new housing in 2020 is expected to be
CO2 neutral (gross zero energy consumption). Energy efficient housing requires higher initial cost
for construction.
Schemes of development II -- old housing renovation Reference: PHI,Passive House Institute, 2005
Old housing adaptation would be relatively inexpensive based on the total investment because of
the concept of material reuse and life cycle extension versus new development. New construction
takes 2.5 times the investment to save 1Kwh heat versus old housing renovation which averages a
40% energy saving, including the process of demolishment (J.Douglas,2006; J.F.M. van der Waals,
2001).
1

€€
17 18

€€
Potential Potential and tendency analysis
and tendency analysis
Analysis climatic quality of urban structure
€
Potential and tendency analysis
€
Indoor solar access was evaluated from solar hour map.
cost-effective , € f 1k h h t reduction
t ff ti for 1kwh heat d ti
-
t ff Old € f 1k
cost-effective: ,New= 1: .h h t reduction
ti for 1kwh heat d ti
-
Old : New= 1: . source: J. Douglas, Building adaptation, 00

source: J. Douglas, Building adaptation, 00
- policy tendency: necessity of low or zero-carbon houses
- policy tendency: necessitynew building or zero-carbon houses
Energy efficiency requirements to of low
00 EPC 0.
011 EPC 0.
Energy efficiency requirements to new building
01 EPC 0.
00 EPC 0. EPC 0
00
011 EPC 0.
Source: VROM, 00
01 EPC 0.
00 EPC 0

Source: VROM, 00

Analysis climatic quality of urban structure
Schemes of development II -- old housing renovation
Outdoorand outdoor passive solar access from solar shadow map.
Indoor solar access was evaluated
- feasible in cost and time — old housing refurbishment
Systematic for refurbishment
Standard full
refurbishment
Saving* time

? 20y

? 10y Insulation of
IC
all walls

45%
% 5-
5 Insulation of
I l ti f
IB Standard full
one wall
10y
energetic
Boiler,
30% 5y refurbishment
Tube insulation
IA
I
Ceiling insulation
Thermostatic valves

*estimated effect on consumption in kWh/m²
p

Stamp pattern of post-war housing
Source: Dr. Georg Wagener-Lohse,
CEBra - Centre for Energy Technology Brandenburg, Cottbus

1

Figure 18 19
Indoor and outdoor solar access: With good orient ation the need for auxiliary heating and
cooling is reduced, resulting in lower energy bills and reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
- Properly adopting low or zero carbon energy technology
2007-2008

Orientation for passive heating is about using the sun as a source of free home heating. Poor
orientation can exclude winter sun, and cause overheating in summer by allowing low angle
east or west sun to strike glass surfaces. Sites running N-S are ideal because they receive good
access to southern sun with minimum potential for overshadowing by neighboring houses. In the
summer, neighboring houses can provide protection from low east and west sun.

Most of the flats in Pendrecht are facing E-W with east or west facing glass area in each living unit.
Configuring renovation for the interior space can increase market value but may not influence
the solar access or passive heating. Instead, re-configuring the layout of the building block has
potential to decrease overshadowing area from neighboring building.

Sunlight also influences the quality and use of public space for outdoor activities. Semi-public
court yards or public squares should not be placed on the north sides of building. The distance
between the house and any building development to the south should be maximized. Building on
the North boundary can be useful to increase the amount of south facing outdoor space. The will
avoid compromising the solar access of neighbors by overshadowing. The public space within the
building blocks of Pendrecht has reasonable sun hours: 50% sunlight area for three hours in winter Tip
and seven hours in summer. The general problem of public space in postwar housing, alike in this
case, is the unfinished character of the district: a lot of ideas and planned facilities, like stores and A subsidy scheme f
b id h for
spaces for sport and recreation were not realized because of lack of finances. existing housing:
- solar water heaters,
Figure 19 - heat pumps
pp
Case studies—costing and information among low- and zero-carbon technologies: Available low- - solar panels
and zero-carbon technologies and their comparison in costing and CO2 reduction effect.

Figure 20
Case studies— reasonable energy saving range for old housing
refurbishment: Three to four layer flats are the main type of social housing in Pendrecht;
but a small amount of apartments are over seven layers. Thus low rise and high rise flats are
studied as the target group concerning energy saving in housing refurbishment. Five cases with
diverse project scales were collected from four Europe countries. They achieved 28% to over 50%
energy reduction by adopting different energy saving schemes with reasonable pay-back period.
They presented good practices in different aspects, which are economic feasibility and gain good
market value after adaptation. The comparison proved that pay-back period has been shortened
year by year because the increase of energy cost and depreciation of energy technologies.

1

III. Urban renewal master plan
3.2 Land use plan
2007-2008

With the premise of large-scale GHG reduction, an urban renewal master
Land use character which can influence a 20-30% variation of travel demand
plan has to widely adopt a ‘Three-step-strategy’ to encourage and
and transport mode choice would be modified. Transit-oriented development
maximize a sustainable living style by:
(TOD) (figure 22) was taken as a sustainable land use model for design. Land use
avoiding unnecessary use, character in Pendrecht would be tuned to work with the transport framework, to
using renewable sources, and reduce transport demand and increase market value. Two lots near a transit stop
using limited sources carefully. were included in the redeveloping plan strategy. The potential of three lots can
be found by their location: the lot A and B near the metro station Slinge which
Daily travel can become more efficient by means of urban planning. The will become the terminal of Randstad Rail in 2009 merit attention on regional
proposal for Pendrecht is first to remodel the local transport network by level. Redeveloping old housing in lot A and B will attract regional housing
assigning priority to pedestrian and cyclists. Guaranteeing the safety of buyers and will stimulate joint development of the surrounding area (figure 24).
pedestrian and cyclists is a necessary prerequisite for promoting walking Timeworn metro square and facilities can be renovated at the same time for the
and cycling as a daily mode of transport. sake of improving living quality and encouraging green movement.

3.1 Adjusting the local traffic network The lot C close by the local commercial center will also profit from a new tram
connection plan (figure 25). The location provides good market potential for the
According to the design principle of friendly pedestrian and cyclists housing renewal plan and can be synergistically developed with a new tram stop,
use, the traffic system in Pendrecht would have the following proposed public space and bicycle path.
changes (figure 23):
Local commercial core (shops, cafés) and social amenities (school, Two existing high rise buildings which are located at the gate way of Pendrecht as
association) with projected safe and comfort access for pedestrians landmarks in the past can be converted to office use. They will be the showcase
and cyclists. Attractive public spaces are planned along the artery for Pendrecht to turn over the bad image of the past and advocate current
(Road Slinge). Car traffic would be restricted to a feeder traffic lane. sustainable urban renewal development.
Moderate car traffic speed by reducing width of road Oldegaarde,
the road between Zuiderpark and Pendrecht, which is now dangerous Three large redevelopment lots will be adopted for energy saving measures as
to cross. renovation sites according to their potential. Two scenarios were established,
Install a new tram track to pass through two local commercial according to site analysis above which concluded that GHG reduction will largely
centers in Pendrecht and its neighbor district Zuidwijk along the rely on old housing refurbishment.
road Slinge(figure 21). It will remedy the local shortage of public
transportation on the one hand, and complete the public transport The period chosen for these scenarios is from 2010 to 2016 (the target year of
network of Rotterdam south on the other. (70% metro passengers EEAP). The project pursued potential scheme with high and realizable energy
come from tram system connected area, J. Westrik, 2008) savings target according to the practical data. 45% energy saving can be achieved
Build one new car traffic road to merge into the original with 5-10 years pay-back period per old dwelling (not counting other purpose
infrastructure cluster in the south and connect to the road of refurbishment). In Scenario I, it was assumed that there is no further new
Zuiderparkweg. Thus an unhindered car course can be guaranteed. housing replacement after 2010. Just by renovating existing housing a 23%

1

21 22

Motivation and goal Problem definition Strategies Urban renewal master plan
23

Increasing the p
g provision of local transport alternatives
p

car lines convert to
lines, lines bicycle
paths, increase
pedestrian crossing path

Figure 21
New extension of tram track will benifit Pendrecht on the one hand, complete transport
network of south Rotterdam on the other. Open dead end, connect
to new road
Figure 22
Good land use models provide a comprehensive response to the requisites of urban
New lines car road, 1
design; its techniques optimize urban density and financial return without neglecting
line bicycle path, produce
Only provide tram
function and liveabilitycan. TOD, Transit Oriented Development is one of them.
traffic cluster along
track, lines bicycle
infrastructure
and pedestrian paths
Figure 23
New proposal of local transport network.
1

Motivation and goal Problem definition Site analysis Strategy Urban renewal master plan Motivation and goal Problem definition Site analysis Strategy Urban renewal master plan
24Cooperating 25
with land use plan--Housing restructure master plan Cooperating with land use plan--Housing restructure master plan
--regional level
regional --city level
city
2007-2008

Reinforce green Showcase Demolish terraced Commercial
movement by high quality project Commercial and semidetached mixed use close
public space, better
space mixed use close housing. Transfer to to tram station
connect to Zuiderpark to station new development .
Showcase
project

B C

A

Reinforce green movement by
high quality public space,
Avoid dead better connect to Zuiderpark
Demolish 1 terraced and semidetached
Convert two lots
angle by add
housing. Transfer to higher density in new
to office use
public function
development .

Figure 24 26
New land use proposal for metro station surrounding area (10 minutes walking distance).
Integrating regional transport network with local land use development

Figure 25
New land use proposal for new tram stop surrounding area (10 minutes walking distance).
Integrating local transport network with local land use development

Figure 26
Dwell-related energy consumption in Pendrecht as a whole: comparing current condition and after
adopting energy saving packages by scenarios.

0

energy saving for Pendrecht can be achieved with a 5-10 year pay-back period. houses with similar appearance. Restructuring plans call for demolishing
However, market value is an inescapable factor concerning housing semidetached houses with replacement by new dwellings with co-development
development. Only adopting energy saving measures may not satisfy market of the old flats’ configuration, public space and façade. Eco-building in Poptahof,
demand, especially when the bad image of the living environment of Pendrecht Delft (NL) is a representative case. Poptahof is an ongoing project which started
has been rooted in public opinion. Scenario II thus was established with the idea from 2004 and will continue during the next 10 years. The plan is to renovate
of an annual replacement of 1% of existing housing from 2010 to 2016. 360 old 800 dwellings in 8 high rise apartment buildings with the upgraded features.
dwellings can be replaced by passive housing with the EPC standard on average The renovation includes energy saving equipment in the building structure, and
0.4, which can reduce 5% of the energy consumption for Pendrecht. The rest of measures to stimulate energy-saving behavior. 46 energy efficient new dwellings
the 2710 old dwellings can be assigned reasonable refurbishing costs (assuming will replace medium rise buildings and single-family dwellings with respect to the
a 10 year pay-back period) by combining 30% energy saving measures (with old flat renovation to shape a holistic building block. Restructuring lot B using
a 5 year pay-back period) plus other market-oriented refurbishing measures. the model of Poptahof will increase living space more than 2600 m2 per hectare
Together, the changes will total a 40% energy saving in the housing sector in (or increase 20 dwellings per hectare if divided by 130 m2/DW) with good
Pendrecht with the advantage of improved living conditions and market values. commercial value and high living quality (figure28). Mixed-use and mixed-tenure
Concerning the proportion of housing demolishment and replacement, the schemes are expected to be built-in.
detail plans for lot A, B and C in the next section, is one illustration based on the
Scenario II, projecting a positive and reachable future (figure26). Original lot C possessed similar buildings as lot B yet with higher density. If the
buildings which have been or will be connected to different levels of transport
networks can be developed respectively in diverse housing types, the result
will be a proposal of higher merit concerning various market demands. Some
3.3 Density, housing block and climatic design
alternatives are given for reference (figure30-32):
- (No) Flat Future: postwar housing renewal in Hoogvliet, Rotterdam
Proposed density and housing typology of the three lots mainly came from
4, five-layered flats within a same lot were planned to be refurbished. An
current good practices, which were chosen according to similarity and current
innovative idea has been developed through this project. For instance, a
market taste.
renewable energy scheme is merged into the façade design: solar thermal water
tanks are embedded into exterior frame to become part of the appearance of
Two different schemes were given to lot A and B. Original housing in lot A is
the building. The roof will be covered by green space with a conservatory cover.
composed of 188 postwar-type terraced and semidetached houses with relative
Good insulation and energy efficient ventilation will be also adopted to achieve a
small floor area. The plan is to replace all of them with passive houses. BedZED,
45% energy reduction after renovation.
the largest carbon-neutral eco-community in the UK, has gained an impressive
reputation and is used as the referenced case for lot A. With a similar site size,
- Waterrandwoningen Rietzoom, Zoetermeer
BedZED was shaped by a high density but mixed-use, mixed-tenure scheme and
Another good practice of energy efficient houses: good insulation and renewable
employed innovative approaches to energy conservation and environmental
energy scheme (PV, energy efficient ventilation and water boiler) were adopted
sustainability. Restructuring lot A, using the housing pattern of BedZED, will
to achieve EPC standard 0.7 for new houses. Five houses were connected
increase the living space more than 4100 m2 per hectare (or an increase 32
together as a unit to share one common garden.
dwellings per hectare if divided by 130 m2/DW) with good commercial value and
high living quality (figure 27-29).
Two high-rise buildings (10 and 11 layers) which are located on the gateway of
Pendrecht can be a visual landmark to offer a showcase effect. A photovoltaics
Lot B will have 8 four-layer flats (mainly social housing) and several semidetached
panel can be merged into the façade design. It will result in higher construction
1

27
2007-2008

Figure 27
Large restructuring area according to the new plan: current condition of lot A and B

28 29

Figure 28
Comparable case for lot A and lot B

Figure 29
Design proposal: passive houses replacement in lot A and configuring refurbishment in lot B.

30
2007-2008

Figure 30
Current condition of lot C

Figure 31
Comparable case study for lot C

Figure 32
Design proposal for lot C

costs which can possibly be covered by higher commercial activities, for example 32
transferring the buildings to office use.

The proposal for the three lots, especially on the new housing plan, mainly
followed the principle of solar-oriented design. New development proposals
include low-rise buildings (not over four-layers is preferred) with good climatic
layout which can avoid large over-shading and unpleasing wind tunnel on the
surrounding ground. The solar assessments of three lots are simulated as figure
36. Final transport network and renewal public space please see figure 33-35.

31

Figure 33 33
Overview the green structure and Zuiderpark
restructured areas in proposal.
2007-2008

The public space will be remodeled with the
integration of three redeveloping areas and with
proposed transport network. New public space
(light green area) will strengthen the oringinal
green structure (dark green area) and will
provide better green connection from Pendrecht
to Zuiderpark.

Car movement are controlled
by public space
The shop with green roof will
Metro Slinge
become a part of public space

Pedestrain zone

PR

Adopting wind turbines on
open space on border

34 Figure 34
The perspective of three lots

Resturant, cafe'

Pedestrian and cyclist zone

Metro Slinge

Remodelling commercial center
with landscape

Pedestrian and cyclist zone

Figure 35 35
The proposal of transportation framework and
provisions
2007-2008

Figure 36 36
Solar assessment for public space. Reference time : 9am,
12am, 3pm on 15th of Jan. and Jul.

3.4 Progressive greenhouse gas reduction by spatial planning
2007-2008

0

00-00 010-011 01-01

01-01 01-01

1

Overview the urban renewal master plan unto 2016 for Pendrecht, Rotterdam
2007-2008

This project illustrates integrated strategies
concerning sustainable energy b a urban
i t i bl by b
Household sector
renewal master plan

energy
consumption
44% energy saving
56%

Transport sector
energy saving
6%

energy
consumption
94%

3.5 Possible project extension in Rotterdam postwar housing areas
Project extension
Contribute to the transformation of the city as a whole

Postwar housing area

Leading project and applicability
gp j pp y
• Household and transport sectors
• Postwar housing area (71,723dwelling)
• Population in urban edge
p g
• Public transport connected area
• Short distant movement

Pendrecht

2007
Leiden station sea side lighting proposal
‘Leiden Station Sea Side Lighting Proposal’ presented a new possibility for future lighting plan in Leiden
(NL). The project took the coming construction site into account and found the way to fulfil both short
term and long term lighting demand for the area. Even the project is a study assignment with real
onsite condition; the proposal was acclaimed by Gert van Tol, the manager of street lighting in Leiden,
who expected to invovle the idea for coming development.

Co-workers Anouk Slegers
Ching-Lun Yen
Marta Jakuc

Mentor Piet Westendorp, TU Delft
Rob Kruizinga, Dynamicom
Gert van Tol, Leiden street lighting
Website http://www.lightarchitecture.nl/course/projects/leiden.htm

I Introduction
—creative lighting plan

The combination of multi-disciplining in the course ‘Light Architecture’ opened a
2007

chance for the master students who are in Architecture and Industrial design to
work together for a given site. During the program, the knowledge and thinking
well integrated from the sight of urban environment and architecture beauty
to the view of sustainability product and user participating design. Every team
with the students from mixed backgrounds received a developing project from
the company Neon and the different municipalities. Our team, with the honor of
highest score, successfully contributed a practical and creative lighting plan as a
flexible solution to correspond the coming change—large urban reconstruction
on the station area of Leiden.

1.1 Case background

The project started from very initial stage. The department of street lighting in
Leiden has the ambition to generate a new image for Leide station sea side area
(station back side) through a new lighting plan. Sea and its related imagination
will be the necessary element for furture identity of Leiden station sea side.
However, there is no further requirement nor clear boundary of the site.

Comparing to the designed square of station front side, current quality of
the public space in the station back side has a wide gap. A broad open space
without function is in the midst of all kinds of public use buildings: the station,
the faculties and the student restaurant of Leiden University, office, multilayer
parking, museum…etc (figure1-2). New plan (figure3) which include high-rise
office and shopping street have been prepared, but desolation as a result of
long waiting became a suffering for all passengers who use the station and for
its neighborhood. At the day time, people moving back and forth between the
buildings through the open land. The footprint has shaped shortcuts to the
buildings, which recorded the only way that people use the land (figure5). After
sun set, the station sea side comes to obscuration without adequate illumination,
and passengers passed by hastily with fear. Temporary bicycle parking lots are
the only decoration among the open.

Concerning the location and urban function, Leiden sea side has crucial impact

5
1 3

2 4

Figure 1
Current condition: topological map,
2006
Figure 2
Current condition: aerial photo of
the site, 2002
Figure 3
Future plan: remodeling and
relocating roads, 2007
Figure 4
Coming construction sites.
Figure 5
Fieldwork, 2007

2007

to the urban quality of Leiden. But it can be expected that the starting of the large construction (figure4) will further recede in living quality. For five to
ten years, this site will bear flying dust, construction noise and ungainly street scene. People need to pass by still but with full endurance in this duration.
Uncertain future is also a challenge for new lighting plan. On the one hand, concerning the timeline of new lighting plan, how to deal with lighting demand in
such a long construction period? On the other hand, street lighting which has to fit in urban environment cannot be planed alone without the knowing of the
surroundings. No wonder, it is a problem to make a practical plan when many decisions are still hanging in the air.

II Concept: flexibility and sustainability
Nevertheless, the proposal gave a novel answer concerning the general boundary of the lighting plan. The idea is that the construction period should not be
seen as interim of daily living. Living quality will be taken care concerning the large amount of users in this area, even during the construction period. The new
lighting plan will take the responsibility of illumination and navigation at night by means of the design which can identify sea side of Leiden. And the idea would
not neglect the sustainable development, but promote efficient energy use and material recycling.

The general life span of a street lamp is set for fifteen to twenty years, so are the years that the given lighting plan will be carried out. The new lighting plan
proposes multifunction and flexibility of street lamp in order to fit in the different demands in the phase of construction and the phase after completion (figure5).
In the phase of construction, the street lamp stands will be combined with the design of construction fence, covering and safety net. Lamp poles will be the
support of both street lamps and construction fences, or the frame of the safety net. Humdrum mesh for protection and dust prevention will be replaced by
artistic panel, screen or LED textile thus to beautify construction site (figure6). They will be removed after the construction period, but can be reused in other
construction sites. Lamp poles will stay after completion of construction and keep functioning for illumination and navigation.

5 6

The concept of lighting Plan 2 Phases
Plan– Plan for the 5~10 years construction period
Lighting plan normally last for 15-20 years
From temporary to permanent
Phase 1 Phase 2
+
+ +
Plan for the 5 to 10 years
y Plan for the future urban
construction period planning

Lighting Fences
Covering Seaside B
S id Branding
di

?
=

Figure 5
The concept of new lighting plan formed the idea of flexibility and sustainability. The intention is to take the site
demand of the two phases into account.
Figure 6
The solution will conclude many enlemts and problems on the site.

Shed - examples
Fences - examples
7
2007

2.1 New development from Leiden government

The main roads will be relocated according to the future plan (figure3). From the station backside, pedestrian shopping street C2 will go toward the entrance
of the road to the museum and the multilayer parking building, C4 as a green path will connect new housing and student restaurants of the university. New
tram tracks will pass through road Albinusdreef (No.2) to strengthen public transportation provision on Leiden sea side. Road Bargelaan (No.3) combined
with the development of the station sea side square will be remodelled. These four roads which are in the midst of the large construction site will be the
arteries among this area for passengers, students, visitors and citizens so as to become the main focus in this project.

2.2 Scheme of the lighting plan (figure8)

Four types of street furniture combined with the lighting plan were developed in this project to deal with different users to the four roads. The wave-shape
strip with the supporting frame will stand by the lamp pole in path C2. The imagination of the sea is shaped when the sun casts a shadow through the strip
with breeze during the daytime; at night the light and shadow will come from the lamp. Before the completion of construction, a hidden safety net will cover
above and flank the frames, thus to separate a sidewalk from construction site. The safety net will be removed after completion (figure10).

Construction fences are redesigned and they will be placed on the road C4 and Bargelaan (No.3). The support of the new fence is also the lamp pole. It
carries out the demand of illumination in the two phases. The light effect from the new lamp poles is translated from the image of piles of pier which provide
access to ships. The new design of boards and lamp poles which are easy applied, are movable and reusable. The lamp poles however can stay at the site
after the completion of it, if it matches with the new surroundings. The board can be leased for artist’s exhibition or advertisement during the construction
phase(figure9).

Undulant street lamp tubes (figure11) especially are designed for the road Albinusdreef (No.2) on which the new tram stop will be built. It bears the

0

8

eef
sdr
u
lbin
A

C2

Ba
rge
C4
laan

Se
su asid
are e

L
Staeide
tio n
Figure 7
n
Some examples of graceful fence, shed and
covering design.
Figure 8
The holistic map presents sheme of lighting
plan

1

Street furnitures design
continuing number of masts on a sailing vessel. The array of the lamp 9
tubes with rotated angel will show dynamic image to the object that pass
Road C4
by with higher speed. In the construction period, safety nets which are
printed with sailing images will be set up by the lamp tubes; they will be
2007

removed after completion of the construction.

Navigation screens which are supported by a sail-shaped sculpture
(figure12) proclaim the starting point of Leiden sea side. Navigation
screen is an information blackboard which will update interacted road
maps, local weather and news. Electrophoretic flexible screen or FOLEDs
can be a scheme from available technologies for the screens. The
sculptures also provide illumination and the meeting point of station
seaside. During the construction period, the underground construction
work will block the most area of sea side square. However, this suffering
period could be easier passed through by a little more set-design on
safety nets and the way of illumination. Image or colorful light can be
projected to the safety nets as a screen when there are festivals or
celebrations. Even the truck cranes could be a lovelier background if they
Phase 1
are designed to be one of the lightened projects.
Road C2
10
The concept of the lighting plan is extensible; for long term and large scale
construction sites, which are located in crucial access of a city, the idea in
this project can be fitted in. Better forms of construction fence and cover
are worthy invested and developed. They can revive sight of street and
have great potential to be combined within the design of street furniture.
The lighting proposal in this case is appreciated especially on the way of
thinking which issues the solution that is not only for illumination but also
can improve troubles from different levels on the site.

Figure 9
Lamp poles are designed to be combined with construction fences which can be removed after
the completion of construction.
Figure 10
Sidewalk shed, the combination of lamp poles and safeft nets, aparts passerby from dust and
danger of the construction side. The limp strip above recalls them the image of sea through the
wagging shadows. Exept the safety nets, the devices will be remained after the construction
Phase 1
period and characterize seaside image for the shopping street.

• Seaside branding (plazas, main routes)
• (Attractive and fancy?)Seaside branding (plazas, main routes)
( y)
•
• Navigation (tram, Hospital, University…) y )
• (Attractive and fancy?)
(
• Navigation (tram, Hospital, University…)

• Seaside branding (plazas, main routes)
( y)

Integrated high power
• Seaside branding (plazas, main routes) Integrated high power
Phase 2 LED street lamp
LED street lamp
( y)

LED street lamp

LED street lamp

Phase 2

Street furnitures design
11

Road Albinusdreef
2007

Phase 1

Seaside station square
12

Figure 11
The array of the lamp tubes will be introduced to the road Albinusdreef where the new tram line
will be put in. In the construction period, safety nets which are printed by sailing image will be set
up by the lamp tubes; they will be removed after completion of the construction
Figure 12
Navigation screens which are supported by sail-shape sculpture will provide the information
service for Leiden sea side square. Safety net can be a beautifier to balance the construction
Phase 1
condition.

LED Plastic Tube

Phase 2

Fence

LED Plastic Tube

Phase 2

2003-2004
Raw material office
This is one of the representative projects of office design during my working experience. The building
which was a warehouse in old age was appointed to be remodeled for office use. Within a limited
budget, the flexible use of various raw materials became the particular feature of this project.

Company
Andy Richard Interior Design Associates

Introd.
2004-2005

project Figure 1
Final plan of the office design.
the office design of AndyRichard Figure 2
Interior Design Association, Spatial representation in the coner of the reception area.
figure 3
Shanghai, China Drawing of cabinet front side and bar section.

area
1
350 m2

finishing date
March 2004

material
brick, glass, iron, carpentry
board, aluminum, mirror

2

Near the end of 2003, AndyRichard Interior Design Association, the company with
which I was engaged, was working anxiously for its own office. The new place locates
in a remodeling factory area near Suzhou River, where developers were converting it
to an artistry district. Six meter hegh ceilings and large spacing in the building were
the special quality that factory building should possess.

In order to complete the interior work before Chinese New Year, the time for design
was compressed to two weeks and many details could only be determined in the
period of fieldwork. Nevertheless, it did not limit creativities nor scarify spatial
quality. This interior design office is expected to be not only a well working place
but also a spatial advertisement concerning capability and identity of the company.
Thereby, twenty schemes of configuration were drawn and various materials were
discussed within the limited budget.

3

4
2004-2005

Figure 4
The detail and section drawings of
revolving door.
Figure 5
The front drawing of revolving door
figure 6
The photo was taken from the view of
the entrance of the meeting room.

0

7

Flexibility is the determinant choice of final
scheme concerning the future office extension.
In the general working area, the limp pipes which
2004-2005

held the electrical lines were hung down from the
ceiling and connected to every seat. More sets of
electrical outlets can be easily added and moved in
the space by changing the array of the pipes.

Meeting room is important for lighting exhibition.
A huge lampshade and a meeting table were hung
together from the ceiling through an iron pipe,
which became the novel focus after completion.
Many corners expressed elaborate design, such
as a hooked bookshelf, a brick-pattern wall in the
reception and fluidity elements in the space.

The chosen materials for reception
finally were chipboard (cabinet),
aluminum sheets (flooring),
polycarbonate boards (ceiling), and
bricks (wall).

8

material try on
wood marble fragment

terrazzo brick

Figure 7
The linear elements creat spatial
continuity from the reception to the
meeting room.
Figure 8
As try, different materials randered the
reception wall.

furniture and lighting design in meeting room
11 12

Figure 9
The photo from the meeting room.
Figure 10
A set-design of the hung meeting table and huge
lampshade.
Figure 11
The section drawing of the meeting table
Figure 12
The photo of the meeting table.

2004-2005

13 15
15

14

The renovating work of surroundings facilitated the proposal of using
raw material. Using raw materials are more sustainable in terms of
less machining, easy taking and cheap in price. The way that the raw
materials were applied and combined in this project has offered a
unique solution to overcome time limit, budget limit and aesthetic
requirements.

hooked bookshelf

general working area

16

Figure 13
The photo of the ceiling in the
general working area
Figure 14
The photo of the hooked bookshelf
Figure 15
Overview of the general working
area
Figure 16
The front side drawing of the
bookshelf.

2004-2005
On the surface of container
This project, as a successful result of the local competition, introduces a new image for Tengchang
Logistic Company by means of interior design. It afterward became a representative project of the
company with which I was engaged for the interior industrial exhibitions regarding the originality.

Company
Andy Richard Interior Design Associates

58

Introd.
2004-2005

project
the office design of
Tengchang Logistics co.
Shanghai, China

area
1000 m2

date
Aug. 2004 The project was entrusted by Tengchang Logistic Company which engages in the business of international
transportation. The scheme emphasizes branding effect through spatial exhibition; transport related images were
added in spatial elements.

In the scheme, logistic industry is interpreted as a transit medium. Goods are packed into containers of given size
and are delivered to certain destinations through logistic process. The form was shaped with the intention to reflect
this transit process.

1

60
47
47

2

Container as a unit to transportation is like a module as a unit to building.
The floor area of 1000 m2 needed to be allotted by proper size and
functions. The new module which is interpreted from the size of container
was proposed. New modules with the sheet iron pattern which embodies
the image of transportation became the elements of the manager offices.
Each container which represents different departments was designed to
possess its unique character.

Reception, the most ambulatory part of the business, is the access of the
company. Thus an unfold box shape was placed in. It will function as a transit
platform to connect to each corner. Some part of the unfold box becames
wall, some becomes ceiling and some become aisle. They are joined together
as a continuous form which signifies both the mobility and the image of the
transportation industry.

The proposal successfully won over the appreciation from Tenchang.
However, it was not fully realized regarding the time limit of the project,
which is the most regrettable remark. The noteworthy originality in this case
still became an achievement of the design company though.

Figure 1 The list of space requirment
Figure 2 Containers as the represented image of logistic industry

61

Schematic layout
2004-2005

3

49

62

Container as a concept

4

Figure 3 The structural plan
Figure 4 40ft.container is the applicable size to th new
layout.

63
50

Six manager rooms
5
2004-2005

64
51
51

Figure 5 Six containers which are shaped by the unique character of each
departement become six manager rooms.

Postmarks can be used in detail
design as symbols.

65
52 52 52

6
2004-2005

Containers as unit are arrayed to
schematic layout of building as the
new module.

66
53

Unfold box shape as a continuous form
Figure 6 Sixwhichare arrayed to office plan the mobility and the
containers signifies both
image of transportation industry.
Figure 7 The image of portage box and the visual interpretation

Unfold box as a concept
7

52

67
54

8
2004-2005

Reception is the access of the company. Thus an unfold box shape was placed in. It will
function as a transit platform to connect to each corner.

Figure 8 The unfolded box signifies transfer platform which matchs the character and function of
reception in the space.
Figure 9 Visualizing design process in this poroject.

68
55

Design process
9

1. Spatial division
based on the
reasonable functions of
departments.

2. The containers and the
unfold box are arrayed in
space.

3. The new module and
new element are resized
and shaped by mobility
demand in space.

69
56

2004-2005

10

plan

70
57

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