IBM Strategy Essay

IBM Strategy Essay
As CEO of IBM, Samuel J. Palmisano used the momentum of the success gained under the leadership of Louis Gestner to steer the business in a new
direction. Sam intends to restore the organization to the former status it held as a technological leader with an admirable company culture. Palmisano's
plan calls for the reorganization of the executive management board, restructuring of incentive programs, and an emphasis on collaboration across all
divisions. Establishing closer relationships between researchers and clients is also a key factor in creating new opportunities for growth for IBM.
E–business on demand is the new initiative at the heart of Palmisano's strategy for the growth of IBM's Global Services. E–business will transform ...
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During Palmisano's leadership Global Services became IBM's most profitable division and continues to display tremendous growth potential. The
division sells IT packages to organizations that include software, hardware, as well as systems and software integration. To achieve the seamless
integration of systems IBM has made a major investment in open source technologies such as the Linux operating system and grid computing. "Linux
is one of the world's fastest–growing operating system. IBM is a strong supporter of Linux as a way to promote open standards. Open standards allow
the interoperability of various applications, technologies, and computer devices, providing customers with a wider choice and flexibility to deploy
applications.2 The open source licensing of these technologies allows IBM to develop upon their capabilities to suit the client's needs while eliminating
the expense of commercial products.
The recent inclination for corporations to downsize IT departments and reduce operation costs means that IBM cannot rely on the sales of hardware
and software for continued growth. Sam Palmisano's vision for IBM's future success is contingent on the company becoming a provider of
"On–Demand Business" IT services. The concept is to distribute computer services like utilities and have customers pay on a usage basis. This
removes the burden of capital and resources necessary to
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Ibm Business Report
MKTG 3495
California State University East Bay
Hayward, CA 94542
March 12, 2009
Dr. Sweety Law
California State University East Bay
Department of Marketing & Entrepreneurship
Hayward, CA 94542
SUBJECT: Business Report on the IBM Corporation
Dear Dr. Law,
Enclosed is our business research report about IBM Corporation. This report was written as a group project for the class Marketing 3495. In this
report, reader may find some of the information about IBM interesting such as: how the company started? What is IBM marketing strategy? Etc.
Through this research, we've learned a great deal about IBM Corporation. We are all inclined towards looking at future job opportunities offered by
IBM.
Thank you for your help with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One year later, Dr. Hollerith won a contest held by the U.S. Census Bureau with his tabulating machine that eventually saved the government agency $5
million and years of work. He then organized his company in 1896, and finally incorporated the Tabulating Company in 1905.
The third installment of the Computing–Tabulating–Recording Company's predecessor is the recording industry. Many different companies invented
their own type of recording device. Dr. Alexander Dey of Dey Patents Co. (later Dey Time Register Company) invented the first dial recorder in
1888. Willard Bundy invented the first time clock that could record the arrival and departure of employees. Harlow Bundy incorporated the Bundy

Manufacturing Company with his brother Willard's time clock as its main product. Bundy then acquired the Standard Time Stamp Company, which
produced time stamps and card recorders, and soon after came up with the key punch as their job time recorder. The Chicago Time Register Company
created the first autograph time recorder, and manufactured key, card, and autograph employee time recorders. J. Willard and F. Frick formed the first
time card recording company. In 1900, the International Time Recording Company is formed by George Fairchild to be the selling agent for the
recording industry. Their suppliers included Dey Time Register Company, Bundy Manufacturing Company, Standard Time Stamp Company, and

Effects Of The Tweed Ring Scandal
The Tweed Ring Scandal The Tweed Ring scandal in New York began with William "Boss" Tweed. William is remembered for patronizing of his
Tammany Hall political machine. He used it to gain massive sums of money during the Reconstruction. It was unfair, disguised, and very illegal. All
of the cash he made was dirty and not legal, yet he managed to get away with this scheme from 1856 all the way until 1873. William was born in
1823, and by the time he was twenty–eight years old, he was already in a position of power. He was the city alderman and was able to lock down other
powerful office positions. He knew many people and was friendly, just to get to the top. He was elected to one term in Congress and grew his
influence in the city... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The city finally began to realize the amount of finances William had drained and collected for himself and worked together to get him fined and
arrrested. He was able to avoid it a few times, but was eventually charged and arrested in 1873. He was in jail for two years, but was arrested yet
again after being released. He was confined for the rest of his life, where he died in his jail cell from severe pneumonia. The Credit Mobilier
Scandal The Credit Mobilier Scandal was a scandal that completely shattered the careers of several Gilded Age politicians. The group was formed
when some major stockholders in the Union Pacific Railroad formed their own company, the CrГ©dit Mobilier of America. They used it to give and
sign contracts with wealthy businessmen that stated they would help fund the building of the new railroads. They also signed some with influential
congressmen. These contracts were not good deals for the congressmen and businessmen. They didn't pay too much attention to the small wording of
the contracts, that stated in helping fund the railroads, they would really be funding the railroad builders and making them rich from the deals. While
the contracts seemed to be helping out the railroads, it was really a plot to make the builders, organizers, and overseers rich. There was no good
intention in the scandal and just left many people without any money or

Environmental Leadership of IBM Essay
Factor: Environmental Leadership of IBM
IBM has not only succeeded in maintaining its competition in providing software, computer technology and systems integrators, but IBM also
successfully managing its resource such as energy, water, and material, including waste product, thus offering environmentally friendly products and
services which have been recognized by various parties and has received many awards (IBM Environment Report, 2012). IBM success is always
related to the leadership style of it appointed CEO and management group. There are several appointed CEO with different leadership style since IBM
established, such as Sam Palmisano, Larry Ellison, Randy MacDonald, and Thomas Watson. Different leadership style among CEO help IBM... Show
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It has one of the most closely viewed institutionalized succession plans of any company in the world. This was proven by the smooth transition of CEO
responsibility to Virginia "Ginny" Rometty from Sam Palmisano. Rometty is the ninth CEO from the time when the company's founding and its first
woman CEO. This was no exclusion, as Lou Gerstner's handoff to Palmisano was another good case study on leadership transition.
In IBM's 2012 CEO Study, 71% of CEOs admitted that human capital is the key source of sustained economic value (IBM Global Process Services,
2012). With today's changing economic challenges and workforce dynamics, business leaders are turning their attention to their most valuable asset,
their persons. Organizations who involve and motivate their people can achieve significant competitive differentiation and market leadership (Ringo,
Schweyer, DeMarco, Jones &Lesser, 2008). Through leadership, IBM embrace challenge whereby they are getting energized by complex and
challenging situations. They take responsibility for solving problems, identify opportunities and their positive attitude and confidence inspires others to
do the same.
IBM also build mutual trust across the full spectrum of their constituents include their organizations, clients and

Ibm : The Current Ceo Of Ibm
INTRODUCTION.
IBM, established on June 16, 1911, is an IT based company and also a multinational technology and consulting corporation based in America, have its
headquarters in Armonk, New York. IBM specialises in the manufacturing and marketing of computer hardware and software, and provides
infrastructure and consulting services in areas like mainframe computers to nanotechnology. Ginni Rometty is the current CEO of IBM. (IBM, 2013)
In the year 2000, there was a decline in customer demand and the extinction of the dot–coms. The year 2000 is seen as a year when the true meaning
and importance of e–business was revealed. In the year 2001, the need to focus more on B2B was a major prerequisite to succeed in the e–commerce
industry, information technology. Furthermore, IBM introduced a new generation of servers in order to meet the demands of its customers as well as
providing support for e–business. The year 2000 also recorded a change in IBM 's leadership. Samuel J. Palmisano was elected president and chief
operating officer in the year 2000, two years afterwards he became the CEO of IBM.
.WHAT IBM DOES;
Global Business Services (GBS)
IBM provides consultancy and systems integration, and management services with its Application IBM aimed to deliver value to customers by
providing them with consultancy services in order to improve and satisfy their customers, using analytics and optimisation Services which is mainly
focused on providing maintenance/ support as well as

High Rise Buildings
Millennium Tower (Abuja) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Millennium Tower| A render of the Millennium Tower at
night| General information| Status| Under construction| Type| Mixed–Use| Location| Abuja, Nigeria| Construction started| 2006| Estimated completion|
2011| Cost| в‚¦53 billion| Height| Antenna spire| 170 m (560 ft)| Roof| 111 m (364 ft)| Top floor| 106 m (348 ft)| Technical details| Lifts/elevators| 3|
Design and construction| Architect| Manfredi Nicoletti| Main contractor| Salini Nigeria LTD| References| [1]| The Millennium Tower and Cultural
Centre project is one of the many scam projects in the Central District of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He was replaced by Engineer Mohammed Abba Gana, also of Borno State, in a cabinet reshuffle in February 2001.[1] * Bunu was born on 25
December 1950 in Ngala, Borno State. In 1982 he was appointed Minister of State, Housing and Environment.[2] Bunu designed the Nigerian National
Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) Towers in Abuja.[3] * In April 2008 the Senate Committee on the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) summoned Bunu and
other former FCT ministers to defend their actions with respect to land allocations, revocations and sale of Federal Government houses during their
tenure.[4] * In March 2010 President Goodluck Jonathan set up a Federal Projects Assessment Committee headed by Bunu "to assess and provide
necessary information on the status of on–going Federal Government projects across the nation."[5] Bunu immediately came under pressure to explain
how he could probe "ongoing projects" that started during his administration of the FCT.[3] * * Description * save to list Suggest an update User
Review: * NNPC TOWERS IS SITUATED IN THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT WELL KNOWN AS THE CENTRAL AREA.AT THE BACK
OF IT IS THE CENTRAL MOSQUE,WHILE INFRONT IS THE TOTAL AND THE CON OIL FILLING STATION.IT IS A BUSY AREA WHERE
MANY ACTIVITIES TAKES PLACE.DOWN ONE END OF THE ROAD WHICH PASSES

diversity as strategy
www.hbr.org
IBM expanded minority markets dramatically by promoting diversity in its own workforce. The result: a virtuous circle of growth and progress.
Diversity as Strategy by David A. Thomas
Reprint R0409G
IBM expanded minority markets dramatically by promoting diversity in its own workforce. The result: a virtuous circle of growth and progress.
Diversity as Strategy
COPYRIGHT © 2004 HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOLPUBLISHING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
by David A. Thomas
When most of us think of Lou Gerstner and the turnaround of IBM, we see a great business story. A less–told but integral part of that success is a
people story–one that has dramatically altered the composition of an already diverse ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Over the past two years, I have interviewed more than 50 IBM employees–ranging from midlevel managers all the way up to Gerstner and
Palmisano–about the task force effort and spent a great deal of time with Ted Childs,
IBM's vice president of Global Workforce Diversity and Gerstner's primary partner in guiding this change process. What they described was a
signiп¬Ѓcant philosophical shift–from a long tradition of minimizing differences to amplifying them and to seizing on the business opportunities they
present.
Constructive Disruption
David A. Thomas (dthomas@hbs.edu) is a professor of organizational behavior and human resourcemanagement at
Harvard Business School in Boston.

Gerstner knew he needed to signal that diversity was a strategic goal, and he knew that establishing task forces would make a powerful impression on
employees. Early in his tenure,
Gerstner had convened various task forces to resolve a range of strategic choices and issues.
He used the same structure to reп¬Ѓne and achieve IBM's diversity–related objectives.
Gerstner and Childs wanted people to un–
harvard business review september 2004
derstand that this was truly something new.
IBM had a long practice of being blind to differences and gathering demographic information only to ensure that hiring and promotion decisions didn't
favor any particular group. So this new approach of calling attention to differences, with the hope of learning from

The Compromise Of 1877 Was The Compromise Of The...
The Compromise of 1877 was a very effective time period in history. Its main focus was to rebuild the South physically and as a nation. It was the
compromise of the Reconstruction Era and the U.S. presidential election of 1876. Problems now went from the battlefields to politics. After the Civil
War over, 3.9 million slaves were freed and given rights. This then created tensions between black and whites. The presidential election was another
conflict that was resolved. Democrats and Republicans had many different opinions when it came to them being a bipartisan government, which
created some tensions. Nevertheless, the Compromise of 1877 was the a compromise of the Reconstruction Era and the U.S. presidential election of
1876. Problems for the South now went from battlefields to politics. Former slaves were now freed and had rights granted to them by the Thirteenth,
Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendment. The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery, the Fourteenth Amendment gave them equal rights and
protection under the law, and the Fifteenth Amendment gave them the right to vote (Landmark Legislation). Now, this stirred up tensions between
blacks and whites. Due to blacks being able to vote intimidated the whites because it could affect who was elected for president. One of the oldest hate
groups, founded in 1865, was known as the Ku Klux Klan or KKK (Ku Klux Klan). The group intimidated and threatened African–Americans to ensure
that they would not vote. Along with voting, the U.S. presidential election was another conflict leading up to the Compromise of 1877. Democrat
Samuel J. Tilden, and Republican Rutherford B. Hayes were both candidates. The candidates began to have tensions after Hayes sent federal troops
to South Carolina, Louisiana, and Florida to enforce laws containing to race. The states were originally Democratically ruled. After the federal troops
were sent from Hayes, Tilden did not like this. As the Reconstruction Era began, a plan was already thought of to put an end to the the Era. A plan
was proposed by Abraham Lincoln was known as the 10 Percent Plan in 1863. The central idea of it, "...pardoned any former Confederate who would
take an oath to support the Constitution. The parbon offer

Rutherford B. Hayes Essay
&#9; Rutherford B. Hayes was considered by many to be a simple, uncontroversial, and honest man to run for the presidency. That is why many
people are perplexed that such an astute person should have one of the most controversial elections and presidencies ever. Considering Hayes'
honorable principles, it came as a surprise to see how he could unknowingly make a decision about reconstruction where its effects were so blatantly
derogatory to the cause he was trying to help.
&#9;The controversy began when he was merely running for office. Hayes was running against Democrat Samuel J. Tilden. When the ballots
were tallied in 1876, Hayes clearly lost the popular vote, and had lost the electoral vote 184 to 165 . However, twenty votes ... Show more content on
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He thought that the country and most white southerners would welcome a policy of moderation and react by assuring rights previously granted only
sparingly . Consequently, he thought that by releasing troops from the last two remaining states would, "get from those states by their governors,
legislatures, press, and people pledges that the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and fifteenth Amendments shall be faithfully observed; that the colored people
shall have equal rights to labor, education, and the privileges of citizenship" . His theory that the southern government keeps their honor was
severely disturbed by what was to follow in the near future.
An 1871 report to Congress says that in nine counties in South Carolina there were 35 lynchings, 262 black men and women were severely beaten, and
over 100 homes were burned . To Hayes' benefit, most people believed that he truly didn't foresee what would happen with his policy. Professor John W.
Burgess noted Hayes "greatest struggle which he had with himself ... was the question whether he was deserting the just cause of the black man
and delivering him back to servitude" . There were actually mixed emotions about the topic all around. Evan William Gillete agrees that,
"the reaction of most northern Republicans ranged from enthusiastic relief that the issue of the use of troops in the south would no longer intrude
into every campaign, to fatalistic acceptance of the necessity of withdrawal".

The Economic Problems Of The Reconstruction Era
Equality and freedom between blacks and whites were very different, causing problems to breakout. The Reconstruction Era went on from 1863 to
1877. It was taken place in the South, it was the greatest problem that still remained after the Civil War and had to be solved. In general, the changes
made after the Civil War did not help African–Americans move closer to achieving the American Dream due to the economic, political and social
problems that they faced due to the reconstruction. The problems that southerners produced around the Reconstruction Acts stopped blacks from
having any say economically in the Reconstruction Era, distancing them away from the economic freedom they had always wanted and achieving the
American Dream. One of the biggest economic problems they faced was sharecropping. A sharecropper was a tenant farmer especially in the southern
US who is provided with credit for land,tools,living quarters, and food, who works on the land, and who receives an agreed share of the value of
the crop minus charges(Sharecropping Worksheet). The landowners soil was not guaranteed to be good as well, and if it was bad then it made it
harder for the farmers to grow crops. Dealing with all of this made it very hard for farmers to actually make enough money to pay the landowner back
and have enough money to do tenant farming. Which made it nearly impossible to get out of sharecropping and achieve the American Dream. The
Black Codes also impacted African–Americans

IBM
HISTORY
International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an information technology company that uses their expertise to provide customer solutions. The
company operates primarily in a single industry using several different segments that create value by offering a variety of solutions that include,
technologies, systems, products, services, software, and financing (10–K report). The company 's major operations compromise three hardware product
segments. These segments are: technology, personal systems, and enterprise systems. They also offer a global services segment, a software segment, a
global financing segment, and an enterprise investments segment (Ibid). IBM offers its products and services through third–party business ... Show
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This means setting reasonable commitments, and not misrepresenting the capability of IBM products.
IBM is constantly re–assessing and clarifying its business practices to meet with the rapid changes in the industry. No set of guidelines should ever be
considered the absolute last word under all circumstances. The Chief Executive Officer and senior executives are responsible for setting standards of
business ethics and overseeing compliance with these standards. It is an individual employee 's responsibility to comply with these standards.
In 1999, IBM was ranked number one in business ethics according to Business Ethics Corporate Social Responsibility Report. IBM dropped from
its top position to number 5 in 2000. This was largely due to its mishandling of the change from a defined benefit to a cash balance pension plan,
which drew widespread employee outrage. The switch cost some older employees as mush as 50 percent of their pension, while it saved the
company an estimated $200 million. The company did agree to offer more employees a choice of plan, but the unpopular move is still a blot upon
IBM 's otherwise positive leadership in the area of employee relations. (Business Ethics Corporate Social Responsibility Report)
The cash–balance program is a type of pension in which companies can reduce their pension costs by cutting future benefits to middle–aged

What Did The End Of The Reconstruction Happened?
Kyera Dancy
Mr.Stanley
American History
9 January 2017
Rutherford B. Hayes Who is Rutherford B. Hayes? What did he do while in office? How well did he work with congress? How well did he work with
foreign countries? How well did he help the American people? Did he keep the economy ordered and organized? Hayes was the 19th President of the
United States, he only served one term as president from 1877 to 1881. He was involved in the ending of the reconstruction, the Dawes Act, The Great
Railroad Strike, Colombia and the Monroe Doctrine, etc. Hayes tried to do things he thought was good for this country but little did he know it made
things worst than what they already were. The ending of the reconstruction happened because of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Baltimore and Ohio railroad workers went on strike because the companies had reduced workers wages twice over the previous year. The strikers
refused to let the trains to run until the most recent pay cut was returned to the employees, so West Virginia militia was sent they refused to intervene.
The strike took over Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, St. Louis and Missouri had gained control. Hayes sent federal troops which ended the strike. The role
that Hayes played in this event was Leader of the economy, Commander in Chief and Chief Executive because he had to take control of the strike so
he can bring peace to his country and to show people had everything in control. In 1876, Roscoe Conkling aspired to the Republican Nomination but
Conkling did not assist the party, so Hayes wanted revenge by investigating the New York Custom House, seat of Conkling's power. This enraged the
Republican Conkling and his supporters (the stalwarts). The role that Hayes played in this event was Chief Administrator because he wanted to check
and see if anyone was doing scandalous things while in the customs houses and he wanted to see if anyone was up to something that was right. The
Bland – Allison Act of 1878 is an act of United States Congress it required the U.S Treasury to buy a certain amount of silver and put it into
circulation as silver

History of Globallization
History of Globalization Estle Harlan Harlan Business Consultants Tim Rahschulte, Ph.D., Professor George Fox University
Abstract The historical context of globalization covers centuries. This paper divides those centuries into three eras. The first era covers the fifteenth
through eighteenth centuries and views globalization through the lens of individuals who struggled to overcome natural, governmental, religious and
economic barriers in their quest for wealth, freedom, position, and power. Throughout this era, the world of commerce was encumbered by territorial
boundaries. The second era covers the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and saw great technological advances in transportation, machinery, livability,
and communication. This ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
United States to the Pacific Ocean.
п‚· п‚· п‚· п‚· п‚· п‚· п‚· п‚· plow. п‚·
1825 The world's first passenger railroad began to operate in England. 1834 Cyrus McCormick (U.S.) patented a harvesting machine. 1838 Louis
Jacques Daguerre (France) made a daguerreotype photograph. 1839 Baseball was first played at Cooperstown, New York. 1840 Charles Darwin
(U.K.) published Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle. 1840 The penny post was introduced in Britain. 1844 Samuel F.B. Morse sent the first
message over telegraph lines. 1846 Elias Howe (U.S.) invented the sewing machine; John Deere (U.S.) invented the 1847 Gold was discovered in
California. This list is not all–encompassing, but it is significantly representative of the nature of
(Hoffman, Ed., 1987, p. 474; Presence, Ed., 1978, p. 306–336; Safra, Ed., 2010, p.518). events that caused Marx (1848) to express the existence of
territorial compression. That expression was the forerunner for Robertson's (1992) discussion of global compression, with his definition of
globalization being: "The compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole....Concrete global interdependence
and consciousness of the global whole in the twentieth century" (p. 8). When Marx (1848) spoke of territorial compression, he was referencing the
advances in transportation, machinery, communication devices, economic and cultural knowledge, social and societal connections, and geographical
discoveries. When Robertson

Tweed Supreme Court Case
One chilly December morning in 1868, William "Boss" Tweed smiled calmly as he lied to an entire court during a huge publicised trial Boisterous
and humorous, he endeared himself to the jury members and escaped reproach. This trial was to address the huge issue of voting fraud that plagued
New York. The Democratic party, of which Tweed was a powerful member, illegally counted Republican votes and doctored Democratic votes to
outnumbered them. A letter printed in the paper, supposedly from Sam Tilden, another Democrat, asked New York politicos to send in their estimates
of the votes right before the minutes were closed, and send them to a William M. Tweed(Ackerman 42–43). Several individuals were arrested and
made witnesses. Some were handing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By fall, Tweed had coerced the New York Supreme Court into passing sixteen hundred naturalizations daily, and even more from other courts. In a
desperate attempt to extract control from Tammany Hall's iron grip, Marshal Robert Murray placed Republican marshals to challenge immigrants
votes, whether they were legitimate or not. In retaliation, Tammany raised mayor John Hoffman prohibited anyone from "intimidating, obstructing, or
defrauding any voter." Tammany deputies began arresting Republican deputies. When the polls closed, Democrats delayed or made distractions,
allowing their backroom fixers to 'fix' the numbers. Even Murray's tries to arrest the Tammany deputies resulted in them just as quickly as they were
thrown in jail being released (Ackerman 53–55). Hoffman became governor, leaving Tammany's Grand Sachem seat empty for Tweed to fill
(Ackerman 57). At this point, Tweed won every battle that came his way. In 1866, as it would later be discovered, he, Hall, Richard Connolly, and
Peter Barr Sweeney started the "Tweed Ring", which ultimately damned him. Over the next five years, the foursome would make between $40 and
$100 million dollars off the city they claimed to love and protect (bosstweedproject). The Tweed Ring seized control of the city treasure in 1870,
funneling funds into their own private bank account so exceedingly that action had to be taken.

Emerging Industries & Management Technology
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT & INNOVATION MGT 611 EMERGING INDUSTRIES
& MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY. DATE: 15TH JULY, 2011 INTRODUCTION Technology is a greatly dynamic field. Tools and systems of
technology are constantly and ever changing. New ideas and innovations are coming up every other hour. The think tank of new technologies never
sleeps. Needless to say, users of the same are always on the lookout for newer, better, cheaper and easier to use systems and tools of technology; those
that offer faster and more convenient services than the previous. In view of this, technology based industries have no much choice but to keep abreast
with the new and emerging changes in the industry. The growth in... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is an industry that has growing sales across all the companies in the industry based on growing demand for the new products, technologies or
services made available by the firms participating industry From the stand point of strategy formulation, the essential characteristic of an emerging
industry is that there are no "rules of the game". The absence of rules presents both a risk and an opportunity, a wise strategy positions the firm to
favorably shape the emerging industry rules. (Pearce & Robinson, 2007, pp. 245–246) Emerging industries of the last decade have been the
internet browser, fiber optics, mobile money transfer , social media/networks such as Twitter, Facebook & Google+, iPad, Smart Phones, Flash
Drives, PlayStations, Wii, LCD TVs and Screens , among many others. Business Strategies must be shaped to accommodate the following
characteristics of markets in emerging industries; * Technologies that are mostly proprietary to the pioneering firms and technological uncertainty
about how product standardization will develop * Competitor uncertainty because of inadequate information about competitors, buyers and the timing
of demand. * High initial costs but steep cost declines as the experience curve takes effect. * Few entry barriers, which often spurs the formation of
new firms * First

The History of IBM Essay
International Business Machines Corporation, better known as IBM, is a corporation that is and always has been based completely around information
handling. From their first scales, to the super computers of today, almost all of IBM's products have been designed and developed to record, process,
communicate, store, or retrieve information. IBM has been a leading developer and innovator from the late 19th century up to today. IBM was officially
incorporated in New York City on June 6, 1911 as C–T–R, Computing–Tabulating– Recording Company. However, the true origins of the company can
be traced to the 19th century during which several smaller businesses merged to form one large company. During the 1880's and 1890's,... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Thomas's first 4 years, he more than doubled the revenues of the company as well as expanded it to Asia, Europe, South America, and Australia. In
1917, C–T–R expanded to Canada under a new name: International Business Machines Co., Limited. As the new decade rolled around, Watson found
that the name C–T–R was too limited and officially changed the name of the company to International Business Machines Corporation. During the
1920's, many new products were created including the type 4 tabulator which allowed for subtracting numbers (previously had to add negative
numbers) and the standard duplicator machine. Other products such as the card punch system were improved upon. As the Great Depression
settled upon the US in the 1930's, IBM continued to grow despite other companies failing all around them. In 1935, when the Social Security Act
was passed; IBM was ready with a large inventory of equipment. The act brought IBM a huge government contract to maintain employment records
for 26 million people. This contract was called "the biggest accounting operation of all time." In the 1940's, IBM began creating the first super
computers. Starting with the Mark I, IBM created a series of machines that were able to do calculations faster than ever before. In 1956, the first ever
magnetic hard disk for data storage was created. Its capacity was 5 megabytes. Also in the 1950's, after nearly 40 years in the business; Thomas J
Watson passed the

Sunzi Assignment- Ibm
1.0 Introduction
International Business Machines, abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue" (for its official corporate color) was incorporated in the State of New
York on June 16, 1911, is a multinational computer technology and IT consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York,United States. Now,
the chairman and CEO of IBM Company is Samuel J Palmisano. IBM manufactures and sells computer hardware and software, and offers infrastructure
services, hosting services, and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology.
IBM has been well known as one of the world's largest computer companies and systems integrators. With over 388,000 employees worldwide, IBM is
one of the largest and most profitable ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Buyers of different IT services perceive IBM as the top brand in all vital aspects of the market.
Innovative culture of IBM
Changing and staying flexible is the connection to innovation. Innovation is important to a company in competitive strategies. Innovation becomes one
of the strength for IBM Company. In 1945, they were the first company to establish dedicated research labs for the creation of technological innovation.
IBM Company produces the world's fastest important frame and many revolution technologies. For example, they produce the speech recognition
software can work using by our voice and produce a blue gene a supercomputer which has the speed of 500 times fastest than world fastest computer.
Through such extraordinary and innovative technologies, IBM is able to wage some of the best back hand facilities.
Creative service
Creative service is the strength for IBM Company. Because of the government are getting strict about the problem of environment and screwing it up
day by day with strict rules, so IBM Company came in market with its revolutionary Green technology through which they can save 40% of energy
cost through animation, consolidation and consultancy. This dimension is eco friendly as well a positive sign for IBM because they are saving huge
amount of energy cost.
Strong global presence of the company
The IBM Business Continuity and Resiliency Services have a worldwide presence across four important geographies and provide consulting services

The Effect Of The Gilded Age
During the Progressive Era, many people were beginning to realize the effects of the Gilded Age, which left almost the whole nation in poverty, so
some people called muckrakers rose to the challenge to help resolve the poverty problem. Among the muckrakers, Thomas Nast effectively helped try
to stop a thief in office, who was secretly stealing from the country. Thomas Nast 's birthplace was Landau, Germany, and his birthdate is September
27, 1840. In 1846, he and his family immigrated to New York City. Thomas Nast was an American artist, best known for his paintings and caricatures.
He is especially known for his political cartoons against The New York City political machine and promoting Radical Reconstruction during slavery.
Thomas Nast was one of the most persuasive political cartoonists in America, drawing over 2,200 cartoons. Nast created a turning point in American
History with his cartoons, using his artistic talent and adding dialogue. Nast left a permanent mark on the nation, to show how corrupt the nation was
using symbols such as the Republican Elephant and the Tammany Tiger. Thomas Nast effectively removed corruption from the nation by working with
Harper's Weekly, attacking Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall, and using his cartoons against other groups of people who were creating flaws in the nation.
Thomas Nast created many illustrations that have been remembered, and are still used today such as the portrayal of Santa Claus, the Republican
elephant and

Diversity
MANAGING WORKFORCE DIVERSITY AT IBM: A GLOBAL HR TOPIC THAT HAS ARRIVED
J. T. (Ted) Childs Jr.
To be successful, global companies must continue to look toward the future, and CEOs, senior line and HR management, and diversity leaders play a
key role in that process. Workforce diversity cannot be delegated; it must be a partnership. Although the HR team plays the key staff role, total
delegation from the top, without active involvement, is a recipe for failure. IBM considers diversity a business imperative as fundamental as delivering
superior technologies in the marketplace. To ensure that talented people can contribute at the highest possible level, the company insists on a
workplace that is free of discrimination and harassment and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"If you're going to spend your whole life in the grandstand just watching what goes on, in my opinion you're wasting your life." And Robinson lived as
he believed. While in the Army, from 1942–1945, before baseball, Robinson challenged segregation at Camp (Fort) Hood. As he went through military
channels stating his case to superior officers, Robinson's protest led to desegregation at the camp. He also once faced and defeated court martial
proceedings after refusing to move to the back of an Army bus when the driver gave the order. Robinson's protest, a legitimate one since Army
regulations prohibited discrimination on government vehicles, eventually led to all charges being dismissed. Robinson laid out a valuable lesson for
diversity executives today. Our work is not for
spectators, but for those who thrive on change–not for change alone, but change that is a catalyst for improvement–creating fairness when it doesn't
exist, moving organizations from separate but equal points of view to inclusiveness, and migrating people from conflict to collaboration. Diversity
leaders also can learn from the leadership of Tom Watson Jr. When it involved IBM, he also sought to live by his values as he led the business. In his
book, A Business and Its Beliefs, Watson said, "If an organization is to meet the challenges of a changing world, it must be prepared to change
everything about itself except its basic beliefs as it moves through corporate life. The only sacred

Assignment 2: An Analysis Of The Product Life Cycle Of IBM
ASSIGNMENT (Group) – 2010
Analysis of Life–Cycle of IBM
OCTOBER 23, 2010
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE COURSE
"ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR– II"
OF MBA (FULL TIME)
SUBMITTED TO:
Prof. Harismita Trivedi and Prof. Sari Mattila
Submitted By:
Group No. 43
Saurabh Shrivastava – 101143
Rohit Adukia – 101243 Roshni Kumar – 101343
Table of Contents
1.CURRENT SCENARIO1 2.HISTORY OFIBM2 2.1The Origin of IBM2 2.2IBM's Early Growth4 2.3IBM post World War II and rise of business
computing5 2.4IBM's near disaster6 2.5IBM's Resurrection and Organizational Culture8 3.LEARNINGS FROM THE COURSE AND HOW WE
CAN USE IT AS A MANAGER10 4.EXHIBITS13 5.ARTICLE:14 6.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The merger was engineered by noted financier Charles Flint, and the new company was called the Computing Tabulating Recording (CTR)
Corporation. CTR was incorporated on June 16, 1911 in Endicott, New York, U.S.A. This merger is just opposite of what happened in the case "Acme
and Omega Electronics" where we learnt what changes an organization has to go through when its ownership changes.
The companies that merged to form CTR manufactured a wide range of products, including employee time–keeping systems, weighing scales,
automatic meat slicers, coffee grinders, and most important for the development of the computer– punched card equipment. Of the companies that
merged to form CTR, the most technologically significant was the Tabulating Machine Company, founded by Herman Hollerith, and specialized in the
development of punched card data processing equipment. The Tabulating Machine Company won a government contract, and completed it with
amazing speed. After that Hollerith was faced with the challenge of sustaining the company in non–Census years. In 1911, Hollerith, now 51 and in

failing health sold the business to Flint who then created C–T–R.
When the diversified businesses of C–T–R proved difficult to manage, Flint turned for help to the Thomas J. Watson Sr. who became General Manager
of C–T–R in 1914 and President in 1915. Watson quickly implemented a series of effective business tactics: generous sales incentives, a focus on
customer service, an insistence on

Financial Statement Analysis of Ibm
Financial Statement Analysis of IBM Financial Statement Analysis of IBM I. Company Facts IBM– International Business Machines Corporation
The home office of IBM is located in Armonk, Town of North Castle, New York, United States. IBM was founded in 1911 as the Computing Tabulating
Recording Company (CTR) through a merger of three companies: the Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, and
the Computing Scale Company. CTR adopted the name International Business Machines in 1924, using a name previously designated to CTR 's
subsidiary in Canada and later South America. Standard Industrial Classification Codes are 7379 which are mainly on computer and relative stuff.
Chief Executive Officer (CEO)... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So we can conclude that there is threat of new competition, but the level is relatively low. Threat of substitute products or services: The threat of
substitute products or services is relatively high compared with the threat of new competition. Also these threats come from the main competitors.
For products, such as PC, most customers will compare the price, screen size, life time and other attributes instead of just the brand the same way
as services such as IT consulting etc. Bargaining power of customers: The bargaining power of customers is also described as the market of outputs:
the ability of customers to put the firm under pressure, which also affects the customer 's sensitivity to price changes. In this factor, because
customers of these two industries have many channels to access the products and services, high information availability, different choices,
differentiated advantages of products and customers is also kind of price sensitive. So we can conclude that the bargaining power of customers is
strong. Bargaining power of suppliers: The bargaining power of suppliers is also described as the market of inputs. Suppliers of raw materials,
components, labor, and services (such as expertise) to the firm can be a source of power over the firm, when there are few substitutes. Because there
are plenty of suppliers in most parts, presence

Ibm Case Study
History By the 1950's, IBM became the dominant vendor in the computer industry with the release of the IBM 701 along with many other series of
mainframes, which are large central processors. Then in the1960's and 1970's, the company had to diversify to get on the same level as smaller
companies, such as Digital Equipment Corporation, who were introducing microprocessors. This threatened IBM's position in the computer industry.
Their response was coming put with a personal computer, software, and services. In 1981, IBM officially introduced the IBM PC with a compatible
hardware platform. This was a large accomplishment for the company. A few years later, on May 1st, 2005, IBM sold its PC division to the Chinese
company Lenovo for $655... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Examples of this would be click–to–call and voice mailing. SWOT on Management IBM holds more patentsthan any other U.S. based technology
company. IBM's Project Management Center of Excellence, or PM COE, is first–rate. PM COE is considered IBM's "Think Tank". It is a program that
has been set up to define the steps needed to strengthen IBM's project management capabilities. PM COE combines external industry trends and
directions with IBM business, organizational, geographic requirements and insight. Using PM COE, IBM has developed project management policy,
practices, methods, and tools (Wikipedia, 2008). For someone to be considered for a management position, they must complete IBM certification or
accreditation. To be accepted in to the certification or accreditation process an individual must have done the following. Successfully passed PMI
exam (i.e. be a certified PMP). Verifiable documentation and approval for mastery/expertise in a well–defined set of PM skills. Several years of PM
experience spanning at least 3 verifiable projects within the immediate 5 years (including specific role, team size, and budget requirements). Verifiable
documentation and proof of at least one area of specialty. Demonstrated the use of IBM 's Worldwide Project Management Method (_WWPMM_).
Completed extensive classroom and online education and testing. To become a Junior Project Manager, you must go through self assessment and

Palmisano's Tushman-O-Reilly Congruence Model
IBM case study: An analysis of the changes that Palmisano began implementing at IBM in 2005 using the Tushman–O–Reilly Congruence Model
According to the Tushman–O–Reilly Congruence Model, for an organization to "successfully transform for the next generation, its four key
organizational building blocks of critical tasks, people, organizational structure and culture must be aligned and in congruence" (Fan 2006). This
model provided the basis for IBM's radical transformation in 2005 under the helm of CEO Samuel J. Palmisano. The major problem IBM was facing
was that the personal computer, the product which had been the company's 'bread and butter' product for so long, no longer had the centrality it did in
people's lives, thanks to the rise of tablets and iPhones and competition from lower–cost manufacturers. The computer industry "is growing at just 6% a
year" (Beyond blue, 2005, Businessweek). Demand is likely to contract, rather than to expand in the coming decades, particularly amongst households.
IBM resolved to shift from a product–based company to a service–based company and to focus on businesses rather than households as its main target
demographics. Now, "instead of merely selling and servicing technology, IBM is putting to use the immense resources it has in–house"В¦to help
companies"В¦rethink, remake, and even run their businesses –– everything from accounting and customer service to human resources and procurement"
(Beyond blue, 2005, Businessweek). At IBM,

Sunzi Assignment- Ibm
1.0 Introduction
International Business Machines, abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue" (for its official corporate color) was incorporated in the State of New
York on June 16, 1911, is a multinational computer technology and IT consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States.
Now, the chairman and CEO of IBM Company is Samuel J Palmisano. IBM manufactures and sells computer hardware and software, and offers
infrastructure services, hosting services, and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology.
IBM has been well known as one of the world's largest computer companies and systems integrators. With over 388,000 employees worldwide, IBM is
one of the largest and most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Global Technology Services mainly provides IT infrastructure services and business process services, delivering business value through the Company's
global scale, standardization and automation.
Global Business Services mainly provides professional services and application outsourcing services, delivering business value and innovation to clients
through solutions which leverage industry–and business–process expertise.
Software consists mainly of middleware and operating systems software. Middleware software enables clients to integrate systems, processes and
applications across a standard software platform. IBM middleware is designed to open standards, which allow the efficient integration of disparate
client applications that might have been built internally, or provided by packaged software vendors or system integrators.
Operating systems are the software engines that run computers. Systems and Technology provides clients with business solutions requiring advanced
computing power and storage capabilities. Approximately 55 percent of Systems and Technology's server and storage sales transactions are through the
Company's business partners; approximately 45 percent are direct to end–user clients. In addition, Systems and Technology provides leading
semiconductor technology and products, packaging solutions and engineering technology services to clients and for IBM's own advanced technology
needs.
IBM

An Assignment on Ibm Corporation
IBM Corporation
[pic]
Case Study
On
"IBM Corporation : Competing Globally by Offshoring IT Workers And Giving Away Technology"
Course Code : MIS –501 Course Title : MIS Section: 03 Semester: Summer – 2012
Submitted To: Mr. Mohammed Shafiul Alam Khan Assistance Professor Department of MBA East West University (EWU)
Submitted By: Name: Md. Saidul Islam ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
IBM has been present in India since 1992. The diversity and breadth of the entire IBM portfolio of research, consulting, solutions, services, systems and
software, uniquely distinguishes IBM India from other companies in the industry.IBM India 's solutions and services span all major industries
including financial services, healthcare, government, automotive, telecommunications and education, among others. As a trusted partner with
wide–ranging service capabilities, IBM helps clients transform and succeed in challenging circumstances.
IBM has been expanding its footprint in India – and has a presence in over 200 cities and towns across the country – either directly or through its
strong business partner network. IBM India has clearly established itself as one of the leaders in the Indian Information Technology (IT) Industry – and
continues to transform itself to align with global markets and geographies to grow this leadership position. Widely recognized as an employer of
choice, IBM holds numerous awards for its industry–leading employment practices and policies.
1.2 Company Overview:
1880–1929
Starting in the 1880s, various technologies came into existence that would form part of IBM 's predecessor company. Julius E. Pitrap patented the
computing scale in 1885;[16] Alexander Dey

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