1. What is a theory Describe the steps in criminological theory.docx

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1. What is a theory? Describe the steps in criminological theory building, and explain the role that social research plays in the development of theories about crime. 2. Describe the basic features of biological theories of crime causation. 3. Describe the basic features of psychological explanations for crime. 4. What is the purpose of law? What would a society without laws be like? 5. What types of law does this chapter discuss? What purpose does each serve? 6. What are the five categories of criminal law violations? 7. What four broad categories of criminal defenses does our legal system recognize? 8. List and describe the eight general features of crime. What are the “three conjoined elements” that comprise the legal essence of the concept of crime? 9. What is meant by the corpus delicti of a crime? How does the corpus delicti of a crime differ from the statutory elements that must be proved to convict a particular defendant of committing that crime? 10. Does the insanity defense serve a useful function today? .

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1. What are the principles of ethical decision making? Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral- specificall, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care. 3. Describe the steps in analyzing an ethical dilemma. 4. Provide juif ovation for police power and the basic ethical standards that deriv from this justification and what are the ethical issues involved in proactive & reactive investigations? 5. Discuss three of the five types of police misconduct by community corrections professionals and provide some of the explanations for this misconduct. 7. What steps should organizational leaders take to encourage ethical decision making on part of employee? 8. Describe the ethical issues faced by prosecutors and defense attorneys. 9. Under corrective justic, distinguish between substantive and procedural justic. 10. What are the elements of any ethical system? .

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1. n, 1. What are the principles of ethical decision making? 2. What steps should organizational leaders take to encourage ethical decision making on the part of employees? 3. Describe the steps in analyzing an ethical dilemma. 4. Discuss three of the five types of police misconduct, with examples of each type. 5. Describe the ethical issues faced by prosecutors and defense attorneys. 6. Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral- specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care. 7. Under corrective justice, distinguish between substantive and procedural justice. 8. Provide justification for police power and the basic ethical standards that derive from this justification and what are the ethical issues involved in proactive & reactive investigations? 9. Describe the types of misconduct by community corrections professionals and provide some of the explanations for this misconduct. 10. What are the elements of any ethical system? .

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book to use Siegal, L. J., & Worrall, J. L., Essentials of Criminal Justice , 9th Ed., Cengage Chapter 3 What are the specific aims and purposes of the criminal law? To what extent does the criminal law control behavior? What kinds of activities should be labeled criminal in contemporary society? Why? What is a criminal act? What is a criminal state of mind? When are individuals liable for their actions? Discuss the various kinds of crime classifications. To what extent or degree are they distinguishable? Numerous states are revising their penal codes. Which major categories of substantive crime do you think should be revised? Entrapment is a defense when the defendant was entrapped into committing the crime. To what extent should law enforcement personnel induce the commission of an offense? What legal principles can be used to justify self defense? Given that the law seeks to prevent crime, not promote it, are such principles sound? What are the minimum standards of criminal procedure required in the criminal justice system? Complete your assignment as instructed. The following submission options are .

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I need 300 word for each tihs subject 1- Criminal trespass used to be limited to unauthorized invasions of physical property, but now it includes unauthorized access to electronic information systems. The most common of these crimes is identity theft but there are many others. What are some of the other crimes and what harms have they caused? Do you know anyone who has been a victim of any “electronic information system” crime? What harms did he/she experience? 2- What risks did the authors of the Constitution take in the Revolutionary War? How would they have been seen differently by historians had the United States not won the war? Why is it important to protect the citizens of a democratic country from abuses based on treason statutes? 3- The majority of rape victims are raped by someone they know. Police have not traditionally dealt well with the “acquaintance rapes.” What are some ways that police might do a better job dealing with this majority of rape victims? 4- Felony deaths are unintentional deaths that occur during the commission of some felonies. What are the arguments for and against felony death statutes? Should felony murders be first-degree? Why/why no 5- Each inchoate offense has some distinct elements of its own, but they all share two elements: the mens rea of purpose or specific intent and the actus reus of taking some steps toward accomplishing the criminal purpose—but not enough steps to complete the intended crime. Explain how these are different from the actus reus and mens rea of most other crimes. What are some examples of inchoate offenses? 6- What are the four different tests of insanity? Does Ohio have an insanity defense? What is the test in Ohio? Which is the “best” test of insanity? Why? 7- Self-defense consists of four elements: unprovoked attack; necessity; proportionality; reasonable belief. Discuss each of these elements and how they apply to the self-defense justification. How might the “castle doctrine” and the justification of self-defense work together in some situations? No copy and past each one in peper 300 word for each. .

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1. Cash flow information: Direct and indirect methods The comparative year-end balance sheets of Sign Graphics, Inc., revealed the following activity in the company's current accounts: 20X5 20X4 Increase / Decrease) Current assets Cash $55,400 $35,200 $20,200 Accounts receivable (net) 83,800 88,000 -4,200 Inventory 243,400 233,800 9,600 Prepaid expenses 25,400 24,200 1,200 Current liabilities Accounts payable $123,600 $140,600 ($17,000) Taxes payable 43,600 49,200 -5,600 Interest payable 9,000 6,400 2,600 Accrued liabilities 38,800 60,400 -21,600 Note payable 44,000 — 44,000 The accounts payable were for the purchase of merchandise. Prepaid expenses and accrued liabilities relate to the firm's selling and administrative expenses. The company's condensed income statement follows. SIGN GRAPHICS INC. Income Statement for the Year Ended December 31, 20x5 Sales $713,800 Less: Cost of goods sold 323,000 Gross profit $390,800 Less: Selling & administrative expenses $186,000 Depreciation expense 17,000 Interest expense 27,000 230,000 Add: gain on sale of land $160,800 21,800 Income before taxes $182,600 Income taxes 36,800 Net income $145,800 Other data: 1. Long-term investments were purchased for cash at a cost of $74,600. 2. Cash proceeds from the sale of land totaled $76,200. 3. Store equipment of $44,000 was purchased by signing a short-term note payable. Also, a $150,000 telecommunications system was acquired by issuing 3,000 shares of preferred stock. 4. A long-term note of $49,400 was repaid. 5. Twenty thousand shares of common stock were issued at $5.19 per share. 6. The company paid cash dividends amounting to $128,600. Instructions: a. Prepare the operating activities section of the company's statement of cash flows, assuming use of: 1. The direct method. 2. The indirect method. b. Prepare the investing and financing activities sections of the statement of cash flows. .

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1. At least 500 words APA Style 2. Clear, logical flow post 3. Major points are stated clearly 4. Cited at least 3, you must cited all the source 5. Good example conceptual or personal examples are acceptable 6. Thoughtful analysis (Considering assumptions, analyzing implications, comparing/ contrasting concepts) 7. It must be proofread for Spelling and grammar I will not release any payment until everything is met. Evaluate the ethicality of the gift and estate tax when earnings have been taxed throughout one’s life. Justify your answer. The project is due 10 hrs from now sir! .

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1.Assess the level of interdependence between planning, program evaluation, human resource management, and budgeting. Create a scenario in which you explain the overall manner in which these functions interact. 2.Construct two (2) competencies that public personnel managers need to possess in order to minimize the impact of political preference in program implementation. Justify your response. 3.Take a position on whether the politics of budgeting have negatively or positively impacted outcomes on budget policy and formation overall. Provide a rationale for your response. 4.Analyze the main variables that impact the relationship between political responsiveness and managerial effectiveness. Propose two (2) challenges that political responsiveness may present for management (Note: You will explore your proposed challenges in depth within Assignment 3). 5.Include at least four (4) academic references (no more than five [5] years old) from material outside the textbook and no more than one (1) governmental Website. Note: Appropriate academic resources include academic and governmental Websites, scholarly texts, and peer-reviewed articles. Wikipedia, other wikis, and any other Websites ending in anything other than “.gov” do not qualify as academic resources. .

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1. Antique Reproductions, Inc. estimates its manufacturing costs as follows: Variable Costs Direct material $5.50/unit Direct labor 2.40/unit Variable overhead 1.00/unit Fixed Costs Supervisor’s salary $15,000 Production facility depreciation 7,500 Other production costs 1,400 Estimate manufacturing costs for manufacturing levels of 9,000 units, 11,000 units, and 13,000 units. 2. Southern Pecan Company grows and sells pecans. The company harvested 10,000 bags of pecans in May and sold everything that it harvested. The company’s flexible budget for May was: Bags sold 10,000 Revenue ($10/bag) $100,000 Expenses: Bags ($.50 each) $ 5,000 Pecan orchard maintenance $ 10,000 Wages and salaries ($2,400 + $.50 per bag) $ 7,400 Shipping ($.40 per bag) $ 4,000 Other expenses ($1,000 + $.45 per bag) $ 5,500 Total Expenses $ 31,900 Net operating income $ 68,100 The actual results for May were: Bags sold 10,000 Revenue ($10/bag) $105,000 Expenses: Bags ($.50 each) $ 5,100 Pecan orchard maintenance $ 9,000 Wages and salaries ($2,400 + $.50 per bag) $ 7,900 Shipping ($.40 per bag) $ 5,000 Other expenses ($1,000 + $.45 per bag) $ 5,600 Total Expenses $ 32,600 Net operating income $ 72,400 Prepare a report detailing the company’s revenue and spending variances of May. 3. Tiger Company makes a product and uses the following standard unit costs for that product: Direct material quantity standard 6 pound per unit Direct material price standard $ 9 per pound Direct labor time standard 3.5 hours per unit Direct labor rate standard $12 per hour Variable manufacturing overhead rate standard $ 6 per machine hour Fixed manufacturing overhead rate standard $ 5 per machine hour Machine hours standard 3 hours per unit Given the flowing actual cost and usage data, compute the direct labor rate and the direct labor efficiency variances. 4. With the following information, compute the throughput time and the manufacturing cycle efficiency: Wait time 12.0 days Inspection time 0.9 days Processing time 3.5 days Move time 0.2 days Queue time 2.0 days .

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1. A new diagnostic test has been developed to Diagnose Disease Y. The new test was compared to the standard diagnostic test (“the gold standard”) on the same set of patients, and the following data were obtained: Number of patients diagnosed by the new test as having Disease Y, who actually had Disease Y = 3,252 Number of patients in the group who were diagnosed by the standard test as having Disease Y = 4,579 Number of patients diagnosed by the new test as not having Disease Y = 4, 737 Number of patients diagnosed by the new test as having Disease Y, who actually do not have Disease Y= 784 The standard diagnostic test is a tissue biopsy, and therefore, is considered to be 100% sensitive for diagnosing Disease Y. a. Create the 2x2 table that shows this data b. Calculate: i. The sensitivity of the new test ii. The specificity of the new test iii. The false positive rate of the new test iv. The false negative rate of the new test v. The positive predictive value of the new test vi. The negative predictive value of the new test vii. The likelihood ratio positive for the new test viii. The likelihood ratio negative for the new test 2. Two new tests have been developed to diagnose Condition Z. One test (Test A) measures a metabolite “Metabolite A” in the serum. The other test (Test B) measures a different metabolite, “Metabolite B” in the urine. After appropriate preliminary testing, human trials are conducted. Following informed consent, the two tests were run on a group of patients with each patient getting both tests, as well as the “gold standard” test for diagnosing Condition Z. The following data were obtained: Important!!!! Since some answers depend on the results you obtained in previous sections of the problem, it is important for you that you show *all* work, since I will give partial credit if your analysis and set up are correct, even if your numerical result is incorrect. Serum level (metabolite A) # of patients Disease positive Disease negative (mg / ml) (by gold standard) (by gold standard) 0 – 1.99 25 22 3 2.0 – 3.99 273 201 72 4.0 – 5.99 584 572 12 6.0 – 7.99 538 529 9 8.0 – 9.99 175 170 5 >10.0 14 14 0 Urine level (metabolite B) (ng/ml) 0 – 2.99 30 5 25 3.0 – 5.99 245 46 199 6.0 – 8.99 423 400 23 9.0 – 11.99 628 620 8 12.0 – 14.99 175 169 6 15.0 – 17.99 99 95 4 >18.0 9 9 0 a) For test A, a cutoff value of 4.0 mg / ml of metabolite A is chosen as the boundary between a negative and a positive test result (i.e., values below 4.0 mg / ml are considered “negative” and values of 4.0 mg / ml or greater are considered “positive”). For test B, a cutoff value of 6.0 ng / ml for metabolite B is chosen as the boundary between a negative and a positive test result (i.e., values below 6.0 ng / ml are considered “negative” and values of 6.0 ng / ml or greater are considered.

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1. A department store chain is designing a layout for a new store. The store manager wants to provide as much convenience as possible for her customers. Based on historical data, the number of trips between departments per hour is given in the following closeness matrix. A block plan showing a preliminary layout is also shown. Closeness Factors (Trips per hour) 1/O 2/S 3/H 4/T 5/A 6/E 1. Office Supplies (O) --- 40 100 50 20 10 2. Sporting Goods (S) --- 100 80 60 80 3. Hardware (H) --- 70 100 50 4. Toys (T) --- 70 90 5. Automotive (A) --- 60 6. Electronics (E) --- OFFICE SUPPLIES SPORTING GOODS 3. HARDWARE 4. TOYS 5. AUTOMOTIVE 1. ELECTRONICS Customer travel between departments is restricted to the aisles shown in the block plan as dotted lines. CALCULATIONS TABLE : Dept. Pair Closeness Factor ( w ) Original Distance ( d O ) w ´ d O Revision #1 Distance (d 1 ) w ´ d 1 1 – 2 1 – 3 1 – 4 1 – 5 1 – 6 2 – 3 2 – 4 2 – 5 2 – 6 3 – 4 3 – 5 3 – 6 4 – 5 4 – 6 5 – 6 TOTAL Complete the calculations and fill in the table above. Based on the table above answer the following questions. a) What is the total expected weighted-distance score between Office Supplies and Hardware? b) What is the total weighted-distance score between Hardware and Toys? c) What is the total weighted-distance score for the entire store? d) A suggestion has been made to switch Hardware and Automotive. What would the total weighted-distance score for the entire store if these two departments were switched? e) Based on your calculations, would you recommend that Hardware and Automotive be switched? .

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