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• Lack of awareness/practice of rational
(logical) thinking
• Personal biasness
• Cultural biasness
• Intellectual arrogance
• Intellectual laziness
• Black & white thinking
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• Do not take anything for granted
• Do not jump into conclusions
• Do not fear challenging
politically/culturally dominant views
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1. Do careful, intentional thinking
o Fully evaluate all parts of argument/claim
2. Analyze & evaluate each piece of the
argument
o Identify facts and opinions
o Evaluate the opinions
3. Use of reason or logic to check the validity
4. Check truthfulness of each fact to see if it is a
sound argument
5. Application/test with real world scenarios to
verify
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Fact
• A statement of fact can be proved TRUE
or FALSE using standard knowledge
o An observable or obvious thing
o It has been proved by scientific experimentation
o Can be deduced by formal logic
• Example
o Earth is round
o Smoking causes cancer
o There is a force towards the earth
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Opinion
• A statement of opinion is what someone
believes or thinks
o He must provide enough evidence to prove his opinion
• Called burden of proof
o We have to test if that opinion is valid or not
o If we do not accept the opinion we must show the fault in the
opinion
• We do not have to prove that opinion is false
o We may or may not provide alternative opinion
• Example
o There is life after death
o Mr. X is a better leader than Mr. Y
13. CriticalThinking is a domain-general thinking
skill.
The ability to think clearly and rationally is
important whatever we choose to do. If you
work in education, research, finance,
management or the legal profession,
then critical thinking is obviously important.
But critical thinking skills are not restricted to a
particular subject area. Being able to think well
and solve problems systematically is an asset for
any career.
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14. Critical Thinking enhances language and
presentation skills.
Thinking clearly and systematically can
improve the way we express our ideas. In
learning how to analyse the logical structure
of texts, critical thinking also improves
comprehension abilities.
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15. CriticalThinking promotes creativity.
To come up with a creative solution to a
problem involves not just having new ideas. It
must also be the case that the new ideas
being generated are useful and relevant to
the task at hand. Critical thinking plays a
crucial role in evaluating new ideas, selecting
the best ones and modifying them if
necessary
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16. Critical Thinking is crucial for self-
reflection.
In order to live a meaningful life and to
structure our lives accordingly, we need to
justify and reflect on our values and
decisions. Critical thinking provides the tools
for this process of self-evaluation.
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