This presentation has detailed analysis of animal bite cases regarding their knowledge,attitude and practices,and epidemiology of animal bite cases.

1. An Epidemiological Study of Animal
Bite Cases Attending A Tertiary Care
Hospital In Western District Of
Rajasthan
Manish Mittal
Final Year Resident
Department of Community Medicine,
Dr .S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur,
Rajasthan

2. • Introduction
• Objectives
• Material and methods
• Results
• Conclusion
• Recommendations
• References

3. INTRODUCTION
Rabies has terrified man since antiquity
as it is invariably fatal and perhaps the
most painful and horrible of all
communicable diseases.
 Rabies is known to be present in more
than 150 countries and territories.

4. About 26,400 - 61,000 deaths occur
annually from rabies with more human
deaths occur in Asia than anywhere else
in the world.(30,000 deaths per annum).
Some 84% of deaths from rabies occur
in rural areas, with 4 out of every 10
deaths being a child.
In India, dogs are responsible for about
97% of human rabies, followed by cats
(2%), jackals, mongoose and others (1%).

5. OBJECTIVES
To assess the knowledge and practices
of animal bite cases attending anti-rabies
clinic.
To study the relationship of sociodemographic factors on knowledge and
practices of these animal bite cases.

6. MATERIALS AND METHODS
STUDY DESIGN:
-Hospital based Cross Sectional Study
STUDY SETTING:
-Anti-rabies Clinic at M.G. Hospital,
Jodhpur
STUDY PERIOD:
-From July-2012 to September-2012

7. STUDY SUBJECTS:
-Total 1,213Animal bite cases.
TOOL:
-Self Designed and Pre-tested Questionnaire
TECHNIQUE:
-Prior consent was taken from cases attending
Anti-rabies clinic.
-Questionnaire developed for the purpose of the
study was filled out for each consecutive patient
through interview.

8. STASTISTICAL ANALYSIS;
-Data thus generated was
analyzed by using SPSS
th
version16
-Appropriate figures and tables
2Test was
were generated and χ
used for statistical inferences.

9. Results

10. Age wise distribution of Patients(in Years)
41 to 50
8%
31 to 40
10%
51 to 60 >60
4%
5%
0 to 10
37%
21 to 30
13%
11 to 20
24%

11. Distribution of patients according to Education status
Post-Graduate
And Above
5%
Graduate
10%
Secondary
13%
Illiterate
31%
Middle
12%
Primary
30%

12. Distribution of animal bite victims on the basis
of their occupation
Student
37%
Laborers
21%
Farming
22%
Unemployed
5%
House wife
7%
Private service
2%
Business Govt. service
4%
2%

13. Distribution of patients according to residence
Rural
40%
Urban
60%

14. Distribution of patients regarding
awareness about rabies
Not aware
34%
Aware
66%

15. Source of information about rabies(n=802)
35
32
Percentage
30
27
25
20
16
16
15
10
5
5
4
0
Family
members
Other
relatives
Neighbours Mass media
Source of information
Health
personnel
Others

16. Knowledge about fatal nature of disease(n=802)
Yes
31%
No
69%

17. Knowledge about vaccine preventable nature of
the disease(n=802)
No
19%
Yes
81%

18. Distribution of animal bite victims on
the basis of species of biting animal
100
94.4
90
80
Percentage
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
2.22
1.8
0.7
0.88
Rat
Cat
Monkey
Others
0
Dog
Species of animal

19. Circumstances of Animal bite
Provoked
26%
Unprovoked
74%

20. Distribution of animal bite victims on the basis of
manner of cleaning the wound
Cleaned with
Water and soap
5%
Cleaned with
water
28%
Not cleaned
67%

21. Distribution of animal bite victims on the basis of
type of substance applied on the wound
None
4%
Chili powder
88%
Dettol Lime
6%
2%

22. Distribution of animal bite victims on the basis of their
reporting time in Hospital
After 1 Day
37%
On Day of bite
52%
After 2 Days
5%
After 1 Week or More
1%
After 4 Days
2%
After 3 Days
3%

23. Distribution of patients according to cause of
delay in reporting at hospital(n=583)
60
52
50
Percentage
40
28.3
30
20
12.5
10
3.77
1.9
1.02
0.51
Fear of
treatment
Any other
reason
0
According to Victim/Family Victim was too Due to long Lack of money
them animal decided that busy to come distance from
was normal at there was no
residence to
the time of bite
need of
hospital
treatment

24. Distribution of animal bite victims on the basis
of site of bite
Thorax and
abdomen
8%
Lower limb
73%
Head and neck
10%
Upper limb
9%

25. Distribution of animal bite victims on the
basis of category of bite
Category I
Category II
0.5%
Category III
26 %
73.5%

26. Distribution of patients regarding status of
treatment completion
Not
completed
6%
Completed
94%

27. Relationship between awareness about rabies and
literacy status(n=1213)
Awareness
Literacy
status
Illiterate
Yes
No
Total
129(32.36%)
251(67.64%)
380(100%)
Literate
673(80.79%)
160(19.21%)
833(100%)
Total
802(66.11%)
411(33.89%)
1213(100%)
χ2=255.6, df=1, p = 0.00

28. Relationship between awareness about rabies
and Residence (n=1213)
Awareness
Residence
Yes
No
Total
Urban
501(68.81%)
227(31.19%)
728(100%)
Rural
301(62.06%)
184(37.94%)
485(100%)
Total
802(66.11%)
411(33.89%)
1213(100%)
χ2=5.93, df=1, p = 0.01

29. Relationship between awareness about rabies
and reporting time to the hospital(n=1213)
Awareness
Reported
Yes
No
Total
On the
same day
Delayed
427(67.77%)
203(32.23%)
630(100%)
375(64.32%)
208(35.68%)
583(100%)
Total
802(66.11%)
411(33.89%)
1213(100%)
χ2=1.61, df=1, p = 0.20

30. Conclusion

31. • Majority(60%) of the patients
belonged to 0-20 yr age group :
Children and adolescent.
• Most of the patients were Students
(37%) followed by outdoor workers i.e.
Laborers (21%)and Farmers(22%) by
occupation.
• Both of the above findings shows that
outdoor exposure predispose one to
be bitten by animal.

32. Even after easy and high reach
property of Mass media ,it was
found to play very little role as
source of information.
Patient’s awareness regarding rabies
is significantly related with literacy
and their residence.
However such type of relationship is
not seen with reporting time to the
hospital.

33. Recommendations

34. In the light of findings mentioned in
the conclusion we recommend that
mass media must be utilized
extensively to raise knowledge
about rabies and intensify the
positive attitude and practices
about essential and complete
antirabies vaccination to the animal
bite cases.

35. • Maximum no. of cases belonged to Cat.3
bites. This indicates the importance of need of
large amount of quality antirabies serum or
HRIG.This can be ensured by promoting
pharmaceutical production of these products.

36. For the same, there is urgent need
to introduce training based school
programme from the very childhood
, addressing methods to prevent dog
bite and management of animal bite
cases.
There is need of same kind of
national level programme for the
general public.

37. References
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