types of active movements , techiques and its effects & uses

1. Manali S. Desai (PT)
ACTIVE MOVEMENTS

2. Manali S. Desai (PT)
TYPES OF MOVEMENTS
Active
movements
Passive
movements

3. Manali S. Desai (PT)
ACTIVE
MOVEMENT
VOLUNTARY
FREE ASSSITED
ASSSISTED-
RESISTED
RESISTED
INVOLUNTARY
REFLEX

4. Manali S. Desai (PT)
ACTIVE MOVEMENTS
MOVEMENT PERFORMED OR CONTROLLED
BY THE VOLUNTARY ACTION OF MUSCLES,
WORKING IN OPPOSITION TO AN EXTERNAL
FORCE.

5. Manali S. Desai (PT)
CLASSIFICATION
• FREE EXERCISE : THE WORKING MUSCLES ARE
SUBJECT ONLY TO THE FORCES OF GRAVITY ACTING
UPON THE PART MOVED OR STABILISED.
• ASSISTED EXERCISE : WHEN MUSCLE STRENGTH OR
CO-ORDINATION IS INADEQUATE TO PERFORM A
MOVEMENT AN EXTERNAL FORCE IS APPLIED TO
COMPENSATE FOR THE DEFICIENCY.

6. Manali S. Desai (PT)

7. Manali S. Desai (PT)
CLASSIFICATION
• ASSISTED-RESISTED EXERCISE : MUSCLES
MAYBE STRONG ENOUGH TO WORK AGAINST
RESISTANCE IN PART OF THE RANGE AND NOT IN
OTHERS. THIS TYPE OF EXERCISE ENSURES THE
EXTERNAL FORCES APPLIED ARE ADAPTED IN
EVERY PART OF THE RANGE TO THE ABILITIES OF
THE MUSCLES.

8. Manali S. Desai (PT)
CLASSIFICATION
• RESISTED EXERCISE : THE FORCES OF
RESISTANCE OFFERED TO THE ACTION OF THE
WORKING MUSCLES ARE ARTIFICIALLY AND
SYSTEMATICALLY INCREASED TO DEVELOP THE
POWER AND ENDURANCE OF THE MUSCLES.

9. Manali S. Desai (PT)
FREE EXERCISE
• FREE EXERCISES ARE THOSE WHICH ARE PERFORMED
BY THE PATIENT’S OWN MUSCULAR EFFORTS
• WITHOUT THE ASSISTANCE OR RESISTANCE OF ANY
EXTERNAL FORCE, OTHER THAN THAT OF GRAVITY

10. Manali S. Desai (PT)
CLASSIFICATION
Localised General

11. Manali S. Desai (PT)
LOCALISED
• TO PRODUCE SOME LOCAL
AND SPECIFIC EFFECT
• TO MOBILISE A
PARTICULAR JOINT
• TO STRENGTHEN
PARTICULAR
MUSCLE GROUPS.
GENERAL
• INVOLVE USE OF MANY
JOINTS AND MUSCLES ALL
OVER THE BODY
• RUNNING, WALKING

12. Manali S. Desai (PT)
TECHNIQUE
1) THE STARTING POSITION IS SELECTED.
2) INSTRUCTION GIVEN AND PURPOSE OF EXERCISE
EXPLAINED
3) THE SPEED AT WHICH THE EXERCISE IS DONE
DEPENDS ON THE EFFECT REQUIRED.
4) THE DURATION OF THE EXERCISE DEPENDS VERY
LARGELY ON THE PATIENT’S CAPACITY.

13. Manali S. Desai (PT)
EFFECTS AND USES OF FREE EXERCISE
• Relaxation of hypertonic muscles
• Joint mobility MAINTAINED
• The power and endurance of the working muscles are
maintained
• Co-ordination is improved
• Achievement of coordinated and efficient movement GIVES
PATIENT assurance AND SATISFACTION OF HIS ability giving
him confidence to attempt other and new activities.
• Improves circulation and respiration

14. Manali S. Desai (PT)
PHYSIOLOGY OF CIRCULATION &
RESPIRATION
• CEREBRAL CORTEX CIRCULATORY , RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
• LOCAL CHANGES IN MUSCLE
Active exercises dilates
capillaries in the working
muscles dilate
permeability is
increased
Increase in
blood flow
Removal of waste
products and
interchange of ATPs

15. Manali S. Desai (PT)
REGULATION OF CIRCULATORY AND
RESPIRATORY FUNCTION
• VENOUS RETURN TO THE HEART IS INCREASED DURING EXERCISE
• INCREASE IN CARDIAC OUTPUT
• INCREASED RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS
• EXERT A PUMPING ACTION UPON THE LARGE VEINS IN THE DIRECTION OF THE
HEART
• MUSCULAR CONTRACTION INCREASES BOTH THE CARBON DIOXIDE CONTENT
• STIMULATE THE CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS

16. Manali S. Desai (PT)
ASSISTED EXERCISES
• AN EXTERNAL FORCE MAY BE ADDED TO AUGMENT IT
• EXTERNAL FORCE APPLIED IN THE DIRECTION OF THE
MUSCLE ACTION
• MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE CAN BE GAINED BY
INCREASING THE LEVERAGE.
• ASSISTING FORCE NOT TO ACT AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR
IT

17. Manali S. Desai (PT)
TECHNIQUE
• STARTING POSITION
• PATTERN OF MOVEMENT
• FIXATION
• SUPPORT
• THE ANTAGONISTIC MUSCLES
taught passively
or with help of
other limb
To isolate
movement at
required joint
Given by
therapist hand,
water, skates,
hard surface
Relax the
antagonist
muscle

18. Manali S. Desai (PT)
• TRACTION
• THE ASSISTING FORCE
• THE CHARACTER OF THE MOVEMENT
• REPETITIONS
• CO-OPERATION OF THE PATIENT
Stretch reflex will
initiate
contraction
Smooth,
speed slow,
fusiform
contract fast,
pennate slow
Depending
upon condition
Praise the
effort, feel the
movement &
muscle

19. Manali S. Desai (PT)
EFFECTS AND USES
• USED IN THE EARLY STAGES NEURO-MUSCULAR RE-
EDUCATION
• FREQUENT REPETITION OF THE CORRECT PATTERN
WITH DECREASING ASSISTANCE, THE PATIENT MAY
RELEARN TO CONTROL THE MOVEMENT HIMSELF
• CONFIDENCE, IN THE ABILITY TO MOVE
• RANGE OF EFFECTIVE JOINT MOVEMENT MAY BE
INCREASED.

20. Manali S. Desai (PT)
ASSISTED - RESISTED EXERCISE
•COMBINATION OF ASSISTANCE AND
RESISTANCE DURING A SINGLE MOVEMENT

21. Manali S. Desai (PT)
RESISTED EXERCISE
• An external force applied to the body levers to oppose the
force of muscular contraction.
• Muscles respond by an increase in their power and
hypertrophy
• Five factors contribute to the development of muscular
efficiency
a) POWER – PRE
b) ENDURANCE- LOW RESISTANCE-HIGH REPETITION
EXERCISE.
c) VOLUME- HYPERTROPHY
The greater the intensity (force
and/or distance) of the exercise
and the shorter the time period
taken to generate force, the
greater is the muscle power
muscles adapt to
endurance training by
increases in their oxidative
and metabolic capacities,
which allows better delivery
and use of oxygen.

22. Manali S. Desai (PT)
RESISTANCES
• THE PHYSIOTHERAPIST
• SPRINGS AND OTHER ELASTIC STRUCTURES
• THE PATIENT
• SUBSTANCES WHICH ARE MALLEABLE
• WEIGHTS
• WATER
• WEIGHT AND PULLEY CIRCUITS.

23. Manali S. Desai (PT)
RESISTANCE BY SPRINGS AND OTHER
ELASTIC SUBSTANCES
• SPRINGS IN SERIES
• SPRINGS IN PARALLEL

24. Manali S. Desai (PT)
TECHNIQUE
• STARTING POSITION
• THE PATTERN OF MOVEMENT
• STABILISATION
• TRACTION
• THE RESISTING FORCE
• THE CHARACTER OF THE MOVEMENT
• REPETITIONS
• THE CO-OPERATION OF THE PATIENT

25. Manali S. Desai (PT)
EFFECTS
• THE WORKING MUSCLES ARE STRENGTHENED AND
HYPERTROPHIED
• BLOOD FLOW TO THE WORKING MUSCLES IS
INCREASED IN PROPORTIONAL TO THE AMOUNT OF
WORK.
• A GENERAL RISE IN BLOOD PRESSURE
• VASO-DILATATION IN THE SKIN DUE TO HEAT
GENERATION

26. Manali S. Desai (PT)
BENEFITS OF RESISTANCE EXERCISES
• Enhances muscle performance
• Increases strength of connective tissue: tendons, ligaments &
intramuscular connective tissue
• Increases bone mineral density
• Decreases joint stress during physical activity
• Reduces risk of soft tissue injury
• Improves balance
• Increases lean muscle mass & reduces fat
• Enhances feeling of well being
• Improves quality of life

27. Manali S. Desai (PT)
PROGRESSIVE RESISTANCE EXERCISE (PRE)
• Schematic program to develop power in muscles.
• De lorme in 1945
• Low repetition exercise
• The number of times the movement is repeated is
relatively few to allow the resistance to be as great as
possible.
• Metal weights applied to the part of the body
• Poundage is determined by testing the repetition
maximum (R.M.)

28. Manali S. Desai (PT)
REPETITION MAXIMUM
• ONE-REPETITION MAXIMUM (ONE REP
MAXIMUM OR 1RM) IN WEIGHT TRAINING IS THE
MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF WEIGHT THAT A PERSON CAN
POSSIBLY LIFT FOR ONE REPETITION.

29. Manali S. Desai (PT)
1) DE LORME & WATKINS
A gradual increase in workload while maintaining same number
of repetitions in each set
Set 1 10 reps at 50% of 10RM 40 kg
Set 2 10 reps at 75% of 10RM 60 kg
Set 3 10 reps at 100% of 10RM 80 kg

30. Manali S. Desai (PT)
•30 LIFTS / 4 TIMES WEEKLY.
•PROGRESS 10 R.M. ONCE

31. Manali S. Desai (PT)
OXFORD REGIMEN
• 10 LIFTS WITH 10 R.M.
• 10 LIFTS WITH 10 R.M. MINUS 1 LB
• 10 LIFTS WITH 10 R.M. MINUS 2LBS.
• 10 LIFTS WITH 10 R.M. MINUS 3LBS.
• 10 LIFTS WITH 10 R.M. MINUS 4LBS.
• 10 LIFTS WITH 10 R.M. MINUS 5LBS.
• 10 LIFTS WITH 10 R.M. MINUS 6LBS.
• 10 LIFTS WITH 10 R.M. MINUS 7LBS.
• 10 LIFTS WITH 10 R.M. MINUS 8LBS.
• 10 LIFTS WITH 10 R.M. MINUS 9LBS.
100 LIFTS 5 TIMES WEEKLY.
PROGRESS 10 R.M. DAILY

32. Manali S. Desai (PT)
MCQUEEN REGIMEN
• 10 LIFTS WITH 10 R.M.
• 10 LIFTS WITH 10 R.M.
• 10 LIFTS WITH 10 R.M.
• 10 LIFTS WITH 10 R.M.
• 40 LIFTS 3 TIMES WEEKLY.
• PROGRESS TO R.M. EVERY 1-2 WEEKS.