2 Cloud computing threats One of the biggest challenges information security leaders have is being able to  effectively communicate the value of their team’s efforts across the organization .Here  the ability to accurately report on their organization’s state of security and communicate the benefits of a proactive security effort in a language the rest of the organization can understand. This session will draw from the experience of seasoned CISOs with proven track records in enabling core business objectives by influencing key stakeholders in the organization. These risk and information security leaders will share their advice on how to effectively create and demonstrate security’s value. The security function is often seen as doing security for its own sake, rather than for the benefit of the business, and so misses the point of security entirely which is about managing risk to acceptable levels.        The security function all too often acts in a condescending manner thinking it knows what is best for the business when in fact it is just one of the various functions in which they have the organizations for business decisions. Business executives are far more interested in what is happening with information security than ever, thanks to a plethora of high-profile, very visible breaches and security incidents. In recent years the level of attention paid to cybersecurity issues by organizations has skyrocketed. Cyber risk is now a board-level concern, and IT security budgets have risen accordingly. Despite the increased attention, it is not clear whether firms have become more sophisticated in how they manage cyber risks. Historically, most firms have made cybersecurity investment decisions by adhering to industry best practices, without necessarily developing a detailed understanding of their overall cyber risk first. Risk management is predicated on risk quantification, and many researchers have attempted to quantify cyber risks using quantitative metrics such as return on investment. Components  Transportation management centers (TMCs)  Ramp metering  Incident management  Motorist assistance systems  Communications systems  Radio communications  Changeable message signs (CMSs) 1 Transportation management centers  Organization  Combine traffic operations personnel with law enforcement and dispatch  Locally, joint Caltrans-CHP operation  Functions  Traffic surveillance  Incident management  Data collection  Other FMS functions (e. g. ramp metering, CCTV systems, I- 15 Express Lanes Operation) 2 The San Diego Regional Transportation Management Center (CHP Border Communications Center) QUESTION: WHY DO WE NEED TMC? ANSWER: TRAFFIC CHP/Caltrans Joint Operation The CHP is responsible for state highway incident management and law enforcement, and Caltrans, for the operation and management of the state highway system. Both departments remain permanent and equal partners in each TM ...

1. 2
Cloud computing threats
One of the biggest challenges information security leaders have
is being able to effectively communicate the value of their
team’s efforts across the organization .Here the ability to
accurately report on their organization’s state of security and
communicate the benefits of a proactive security effort in a
language the rest of the organization can understand. This
session will draw from the experience of seasoned CISOs with
proven track records in enabling core business objectives by
influencing key stakeholders in the organization. These risk and
information security leaders will share their advice on how to
effectively create and demonstrate security’s value. The
security function is often seen as doing security for its own
sake, rather than for the benefit of the business, and so misses
the point of security entirely which is about managing risk to
acceptable levels.
The security function all too often acts in a condescending
manner thinking it knows what is best for the business when in
fact it is just one of the various functions in which they have
the organizations for business decisions. Business executives
are far more interested in what is happening with information
security than ever, thanks to a plethora of high-profile, very
visible breaches and security incidents.
In recent years the level of attention paid to cybersecurity
issues by organizations has skyrocketed. Cyber risk is now a
board-level concern, and IT security budgets have risen
accordingly. Despite the increased attention, it is not clear
whether firms have become more sophisticated in how they
manage cyber risks. Historically, most firms have made
cybersecurity investment decisions by adhering to industry best
practices, without necessarily developing a detailed
understanding of their overall cyber risk first. Risk management
is predicated on risk quantification, and many researchers have

2. attempted to quantify cyber risks using quantitative metrics
such as return on investment.
Components
1
Transportation management centers
zation
and dispatch
-CHP operation

3. tems, I-
15 Express Lanes Operation)
2
The San Diego Regional Transportation Management Center
(CHP Border Communications Center)
QUESTION: WHY DO WE NEED TMC?
ANSWER: TRAFFIC
CHP/Caltrans Joint Operation
The CHP is responsible for state highway incident
management and law enforcement, and Caltrans, for
the operation and management of the state highway

4. system.
Both departments remain permanent and equal
partners in each TMC facility and coordinate with one
another any TMC planning, programming work, and
transportation system changes.
TMC Mission
To proactively manage the transportation system to
reduce congestion and provide for the safe and
efficient movement of people, goods, services, and
information in order to promote economic vitality and
enhance the quality of life for the people of
California.
Responsibilities
CHP

5. Caltrans
c Management
-Agency Coordination
2020 Forecast for Population
& Employment Growth (Millions)
1994 2020 Increase
Population 15.6 22.4 43%
Employment 6.6 10.6 61%
“Like adding two Chicagos
to Southern California
Congestion
-Recurrent

6. Why Manage Traffic?
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT
Under Used Capacity
Used Capacity
C

7. a
r
r
y
in
g
C
a
p
a
c
it
y
System Management
Total Carrying Capacity
D-11 Traffic Volumes by Route
San Diego Co Routes AADT, 2017 Data
Interstate 5 266,000
Interstate 8 257,000
Interstate 15 312,000
Interstate 15 HOV lanes 48,500 (was 14,300 in 2014)

8. State Route 52 123,000
State Route 54 144,000
State Route 56 84,000
State Route 67 106,000
State Route 75 71,000
State Route 76 55,000
State Route 78 170,000
State Route 79 6,200
State Route 94 210,000
State Route 125 187,000 (was 167,000 in 2014)
State Route 163 190,000
Interstate 805 267,000 (was 238,000 in 2014)
State Route 905 91,000 (was 72,000 in 2014)
D-11 Traffic Volumes by Route
Imperial Co. Routes AADT, 2017 Data
State Route 7 16,900
Interstate 8 35,000

9. State Route 78 10,900
State Route 86 32,500
State Route 98 27,500
State Route 111 41,500
State Route 115 7,600
Managing Traffic Demand
t Rail
Ramp metering reduces congestion, length of peak period and
accidents
simply by breaking up platoons, controlling the flow, and
diverting traffic.
Ramp Metering Program

10. Metering objectives
on freeway mainline
17
Types of metering
-time vs. traffic responsive
dinated

11. -capacity
-ramp “optimizations”
18
Delay reduction mechanisms
periods of congestion
n (to prolong pre-queue flows
that exceed queue discharge)
19
HOV Lanes
High Occupancy Vehicle Lanes encourage and

12. benefit carpools, vanpools, and buses by
providing preferential lanes to bypass congested
adjacent traffic lanes.
I-15 Reversible HOV Lanes
I-15 HOV Lanes - FasTrak
c volumes on the HOV
lanes
systems in California
• Became part of FasTrak Electronic toll collection system
in 1998
• Registered solo users pay a “fee” to access

13. I-15 Express Lanes
-management strategy
and ingress points
I-15 Express Lanes
Variable Message Sign (VMS)
Gate and Pop-ups
Barrier Transfer Machine (BTM)
Inside BTM
• Barrier crossing arms, pop-up tubes,
changeable message signs
• CHP/emergency vehicle access points

14. every mile
• Opened to all vehicles if two main lanes
are closed for over two hours
I-15 Express Lanes - Operations
Transportation Management Center
(TMC)
to opening, throughout the day, and
upon closure ensure all safety devices
are functioning
Typical Activities of a TMC

15. and monitor planned lane closures
and special events
Transportation Management Infrastructure
Incident Management Components
Incident response time line
29
Incident
occurs
Reported to

16. dispatcher
First units
dispatched
First units
arrive
Last units
dispatched
Traffic
lanes clear
Flow
recovers
Last units
arrive
Shoulder
clear
Detection
Verification and assessment
Response

17. Clearance
Recovery
Monitoring Freeways for Incidents
CHP CAD
ATMS Workstation
Video in ATMS
Detector Loops
Station Speed: volume
weighted average of good
speeds
Station Occupancy: average
of good lane occupancies
Average Volume: average of

18. good lane volumes
Total Volume: sum of good
lane volumes adjusted by the
number of lanes
Status per
Failure
Management
Mainline Station Statistics
Video Display Wall
Changeable Message Sign (CMS) with Messages
CMS Display of Travel Times
Portable Changeable Message Signs (PCMS)
Major Incident Response Team/Traffic

19. Management Team (MIRT/TMT)
TMT Detours
TMT Detour Signing
Closed Circuit Television
Auxiliary Radio System
Media Room
Traffic Operations and Maintenance
Dispatch
Dispatching FSP

20. CHP Interaction
Maintenance Cleanup
Maintenance Cleanup
Infrastructure Repairs
Hazardous Material Cleanup
Multi Agency Involvement
CHP - Assesses the Accident

21. Obtain Needed Resources
San Diego Fires of 2003
Major Incidents
CISN Earthquake Notification
Lane Closure System (LCS)
Planned Freeway Activities
61
http://lcswebreports.dot.ca.gov/lcswebreports/SearchDistrictsPr
eAction.do?district=11
Planned Lane Closures

22. Weather Monitoring Stations
Weather Monitoring Station and Wind Sock
Surface Sensor in Pavement
Solar panel/wind-speed sensor
Air temperature/relative humidity sensor
Special Events
Super Bowl XXXVII
TMC Monthly Statistics
On average, there are
Caltrans Home Page (dot.ca.gov)
Caltrans District 11 Home Page

23. District 11 ATIS (quickmap.dot.ca.gov)
http://www.quickmap.dot.ca.gov/
Homework #8
69
know about or observed and identify
responders
2
Cloud computing threats
The security is one of the effective phases for the business
organization and plays a major role in protecting the critical
infrastructure. In general, the security works accurately in
protecting the requirements of any industry or the organization
data or information without any interruption. But the recent
development in information technology has completely changed
the security process and it is giving rise to the cloud security
phenomena respectively. The cloud security anyhow is a pivotal

24. concern for the business organization, today nearly every
American enterprise is relying on the digital data and serving to
operate their business operations, the businesses need to safe
and secure the way of information without any interruptions.
The cloud is instrumental for most of the business companies
and nearly estimated all organizations to use the cloud for at
least one application and its related data dynamically. The main
result is heavy investment in cloud security protocols to make
sure that the enterprise data is keenly protected from hackers
and the breaching attacks. On a large-scale corporation using
the cloud servers to store the customer data will help the
business organization. Additionally, the data is stored in the
cloud, but the information is still physically stored in the
servers and further depending upon the providers, the type of
data required to access the data will be located internally. The
following defines some of the dangerous clouds security threat
Data Breaches
The risk of data, breaches are not unique to cloud
computing and causing a huge threat to the business companies,
the cloud customers are facing various concerns with this data
breach activity. This threat will affect the business standards
within will responsible for data loss where the critical
information will be kept at risk
Human Error
According to the various surveys conducted it is defined that,
most of the cloud security threats will occur due to human
errors.
Data Loss with No Backup
The current business market is facing a huge threat with the
disasters and the catastrophic events, moreover, an accident can
lead to the permeant loss of customer data unless there are
measures in place to back up that data.
Apart from this threat, there are other phases of threats that are
rapidly affecting cloud security, so it then highly recommended
for the users to adopt some effective security measures
accordingly. The IT authority plays a critical role in providing

25. the protection purpose for the cloud securing data. Using some
effective measures help in mitigating the necessary risks which
include in data encryption, two-factor authentication,
eliminating the shared accounts, insisting on a well-defined
shared responsibility, etc.