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Abnormal ca report lucy and aoife
1. CompulsiveHoarding
Introduction
Frost and Hartl (1996) defined hoarding disorder as a pattern of behaviour that is
characterised by the extreme attainment of and inability or reluctance to discard large
amounts of objects that cover the living areas of a home and cause impairment and/or
distress.
Compulsive hoarding affects approximately 700,000 to 1.4 million people in the US Hoarding
(Saxena, 2007).often starts during childhood or the teen years, but generally doesn’t
become a major problem or issue until adulthood. Hoarding commonly runs in families and
can accompany other mental health issues such as depression and anxiety. People with
hoarding difficulties may suffer from obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Some estimate
that as many as 1 in 4 people with OCD also have compulsive hoarding (Borchard, 2011).
Having stated that, compulsive hoarding can affect people who don’t have OCD. In the fifth
DSM, Hoarding disorder went from being listed as a symptom of obsessive-compulsive
personality disorder to its own diagnostic category (Grohol, 2013).
Four blogs composed by family members of hoarders were used for this research. Thematic
analysis was the method used to analyse the dataset. Thematic analysis is the most common
form of analysis in qualitative research. This type of analysis focuses on identifying
patterned meaning across a dataset and the results can be seen below.
Results
Qualitative
Three blogs on the topic of hoarding were chosen. They were all composed by family
members of hoarders. We decided to analyse these particular blogs as they accurately
depict the lived experience of the disorder. According to Frost and Hartl (1996) Hoarding
disorder can be described as a pattern of behaviour that is characterised by the excessive
attainment of and inability or unwillingness to discard large quantities of objects that cover
the living areas of the home and cause distress or impairment. The First task of the
2. researchers was to identify a number of themes that occur in the text. Three themes
emerged from the data: (i) Relationships; (ii) Emotion, including the sub themes of Positive
Emotion and Negative Emotion; (iii) Organisation Abilities. Table 1 provides a breakdown of
the themes. The themes were coded by the researchers who developed a definition of each
theme. Both researchers coded the text separately using the definitions they had
developed. The researchers then came together and found that they had more than 70%
inter-rater reliability (see appendix A). Table 1 provides a breakdown of the themes, their
definition, code and samples
Table 1: Breakdown of Themes
Themes Codes Definition Sample
Relationships R Defined as the way
in which bloggers
say their
relationships have
been affected by
hoarding
“I've realized more
and more that
creating a healthy
relationship with my
mother may not
actually be an
achievable goal”
Negative emotion NE Defined as the
negative feelings
expressed by the
bloggers in relation
to hoarding
“I was so
embarrassed, I am
still so
embarrassed.”
Positive emotion PE Defined as the
positive feelings
expressed by the
bloggers in relation
to hoarding
“I really do love my
wife, and I'm sure
that she loves the
kids.”
3. Organisation
Abilities
OA Defined as the way
bloggers say
organisation has
been affected by
hoarding
“Forget about being
organized, punctual
or keeping your
house in order to be
able to achieve any
sort of organization
or punctuality.”
Quantitative
Of the data coded, 28.13% was categorised under the theme of “Relationships”, 45.31%
was categorised as “Emotion” and 26.56 % as “Organisation Abilities”. This is represented in
the pie chart below.
Fig1: Visual Representation of percentage of theme occurrence
Within the theme of emotion there were two sub-themes; Positive Emotion and Negative
Emotion. Of the text that was coded there were a total of 32 instances in which any of the
three themes were mentioned. The theme of Emotion occurred an average number of 14.5
Relationships
Emotion
Organisational Abilities
4. times, with Positive Emotion occurring twice (6.25% of the overall 32) and negative emotion
occurring an average of 12.5 times(39.06% of the overall 32).
Fig 2: Visual Representation of Positive and Negative emotion as sub-themes of Emotion
Discussion
The aim of the research was to analyse the lived experience of those affected by hoarding.
This was achieved by identifying common themes which are discussed in the blogs. The
theme of Emotion was the most recurrent as it was mentioned an average of 14.5 times.
Within this, Negative Emotion occurred 12.5 times, compared to Positive Emotion which
only occurred twice. From this data, it is evident that Hoarding can have devastating effects
on both the hoarder themselves and their loved ones, as the blogs were written by family
members of hoarders. This research is useful as it is clear that hoarding negatively affects
the loved ones of hoarders, which could suggest that more support should be put in place
for family members.
Of the blogs that spoke about the theme of Organisation Abilities, 64.7% spoke of their own
organisational abilities, rather than that of the hoarder. It is clear to see living with a
hoarder has a detrimental effect on the organisational skills of their loved ones as most
showed a complete inability to plan or organise anything, “I never learned about putting
things in their places, grocery shopping, cooking and never mind cleaning.” As previously
0 5 10 15
Positive Emotion
Negative Emotion
Times Theme Occurred
5. mentioned, hoarding often runs in families, although perhaps this is merely a result of never
having been talk to organise one’s home, rather than suffering from the disorder itself.
Originally, the researchers included Stigma as a separate theme. However, it was found that
stigma was not directly mentioned in any of the blogs. Some expressed feelings of
embarrassment and shame when having guests over (“I was so embarrassed, I am still so
embarrassed.”) which was linked to the theme of Relationships. This could be interpreted as
self-stigma. This could also suggest a lack of understanding from those who are not directly
affected by Compulsive Hoarding.
Further research is still required to fully understand hoarding disorder and how it affects
both the hoarder themselves and their loved ones. However, the content analysed in the
current research provides a thorough insight into the lived experience of those affected by
Hoarding Disorder.
References
Borchard, T. (2011). 10 Things You Should Know About Compulsive Hoarding. Psych Central.
Retrieved on March 11, 2014, from http://psychcentral.com/lib/10-things-you-
should-know-about-compulsive-hoarding/0006787
Frost, R. O., & Hartl, T. L. (1996). A cognitive-behavioral model of compulsive
hoarding.Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 341–350.
Grohol, J. (2013, May 28). Dsm-5 changes: Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders.
Retrieved from http://pro.psychcentral.com/2013/dsm-5-changes-obsessive-
compulsive-and-related-disorders/004404.html
Saxena, S.(2007). Is compulsive hoarding a genetically and neurobiologically discrete
syndrome? Implications for diagnostic classification. American Journal of Psychiatry,
164(30),380-384.
6. Appendices
Appendix A:
The data which was coded:
A Family Intervention?
September 10 2012
I've managed to keep the downstairs of our house pretty decent (OA)...Not great, but
liveable. The upstairs, where the bedrooms are, is a no man's land, though. (OA) The beds
are accessible, but you are basically walking on clothes for the rest. (OA) We rarely have
guests, because we are embarrassed by the mess. (NE) I'm afraid (NE) that this is stunting
the kids socially. Is that what others experienced, or did they manage to come through?
My oldest kids (almost teenagers) are both struggling in school with things like finishing
assignments and organization (OA). I think it is related.
I really do love my wife, and I'm sure that she loves the kids. (PE) I'm just not sure
whether she loves us enough to give up the stuff.
http://www.hoardersson.com/2012/09/a-family-intervention.html
Waiting for the Apology You Will Never Get
Stevi January 7, 2013 at 6:46 AM
“My parents are both convinced that the hoard is something that happened to them, rather
than something they've done. So no apology there. (NE) I've also come to realize that my
dad is never going to apologize for the damage his work addiction did (and still does) to the
family. Apparently my parents are the victims and I should just feel sorry for them,
regardless of how their dysfunction screwed up my own view of myself (NE) and my
relationships...” (R)
Escaped the Hoard January 7, 2013 at 7:18 AM
“That's a great point, Stevi. The victimization is absolutely mind boggling, isn't it?
7. I've always wondered if somewhere deep within my HP, there's a realization of the impact
of her actions, but is just too uncomfortable to accept the fault.” (NE)
Hate the Sin, Love the Sinner?
Saturday, August 10, 2013
It's difficult for me, even as an adult, to separate my mother as a person from her hoarding
and her behavioural oddities. I've worked through and let go of a lot of the childhood
resentment and recrimination. (NE) I have changed quite a bit, but the fact remains that
she, well, hasn't.
I've realized more and more that creating a healthy relationship with my mother may not
actually be an achievable goal. (R) I realized this afresh recently after she stopped speaking
to me. (R) Over the course of the last decade, she has repeatedly requested that we talk
about my childhood. I'd refused every time, because that was clearly not going to end well.
She was looking for validation as a mother and a person, and I have none to give. It's not
really my job, anyway. But this time I decided that maybe it would be good for me to say my
piece, and so I did. There's really no gentle way to explain how being raised by a clinically
depressed hoarder feels to a child. (NE) I tried. She didn't like it. And now she isn't speaking
to me. (R)
http://hoarderschild.blogspot.ie/
Chances
Tuesday, February 5, 2013
I never learned about putting things in their places, grocery shopping, cooking and never
mind cleaning. (OA) Forget about being organized, punctual or keeping your house in order
to be able to achieve any sort of organization or punctuality. (OA) I never learned about
planning for long-term goals, or even what it meant to achieve any sort of sense of pride in
the short term goals I actually saw through to the end. (OA) I never got a chance at normal
relationships. (R) They were built on secrets and shame. (NE) I kept my house a secret, I kept
8. my relationships at a distance, I never had anyone over. (R) That's not entirely true, I had
two sleepovers that I can remember, each one never happened again after the first time. I
was so embarrassed, I am still so embarrassed. (NE) My relationships of any kind always
deteriorated or just plain burst in flames, (R) given that I spent most of my time alone, in my
room, I am holding you accountable. You socially handicapped me. (R) An introvert by
nature who got to see how cruel the world really can be. (NE)
I took a chance. I moved away. I moved further away. And then I moved 3,000 miles away.
This has helped in many, many ways. I still can't keep a house clean despite all of my efforts.
(OA) I still can't manage to buy enough food to get me through a week because goodness
knows, I can't plan that far ahead. (OA) I started seeing Therapist and this has helped,
tremendously. I started taking medication, which has also helped, (PE) but I always wonder
if you hadn't been such a clutter monkey, would I be therapy and drug free? Would I be able
to go a night without having a drink (or five). (NE) Would I be better equipped to
concentrate and not blow up in frustration or anger? (NE)
http://dirtdoeshurt.blogspot.ie/
11. Numberof
times
observed
10
Number
of times
observed
2
Number
of times
observed
11
Numberof
times
observed
9
Total numberof
observations
32
Percentages(columntotal
/ overall total x 100
Lucy’sTable
Relationships
(R)
Positive
Emotion
(PE)
Negative
Emotion
(NE)
Organisational
Abilities(OA)
31, 35, 37,
42, 52, 53,
54, 57
10, 63 6, 7, 16,
19, 20,
25, 32,
36, 41,
55, 58,
59, 65, 66
4, 5, 9, 48, 49,
51, 61, 62,
Numberof
times
observed
8
Number
of times
observed
2
Number
of times
observed
14
Numberof
times
observed
8
Total numberof
observations
32
Percentages(columntotal
dividedbyoverall total and
multipliedby100
Means Table
