1. 1
沒有差別待遇的無障礙環境
邱大昕
2014/7/18
一、CRPD
1. Disability
2. Discrimination
3. Reasonable accommodation
二、Accessibility
1. Physical
2. Communication
3. Social
一、CRPD
• 1993年 Standard Rules on the
Equalization of Opportunities for Persons
with Disabilities
• 2001年 International Classification of
Functioning, Disability, and Health (簡稱
ICF)
• 2005年 Convention on the Rights of
Persons with Disabilities (簡稱CRPD)
CRPD三個重要概念
1. Disability
2. Discrimination
3. Reasonable accommodation
1. Disability
• The Convention does not explicitly
define disability
2. 2
• Preamble of Convention：
–‘Disability is an evolving concept,
and that disability results from the
interaction between persons with
impairments and attitudinal and
environmental barriers that hinders
full and effective participation in
society on an equal basis with
others.’
• Article 1 of the Convention：
–‘Persons with disabilities include
those who have long-term physical,
mental, intellectual or sensory
impairments which in interaction with
various barriers may hinder their full
and effective participation in society
on an equal basis with others’.
Training Guide:
• the modern concept of disability perceives
disability as an interaction between an
individual’s personal condition (such as
being in a wheelchair or having a visual
impairment) and environmental factors
(such as negative attitudes or inaccessible
buildings) which together lead to disability
and affect an individual’s participation in
society.
• Personal factors are multilayered and can
be both physical and socioeconomic.
– Physical factors: gender, ethnicity, impairment
(physical, visual, hearing, intellectual, mental),
size and weight, and so on
– Socioeconomic factors: wealth, class,
inclusion in society, education level and so on.
• Personal factors can interact to
exacerbate disability or alleviate it.
Personal factors
Environmental factors
• Accessibility
• Legal/policy
• Socioeconomic
• Services
• Environmental factors can also combine
to exacerbate or alleviate disability.
2. Discrimination
• Includes direct and indirect
discrimination
• reasonable accommodation must be
made for persons with disabilities
3. 3
3. Reasonable accommodation
• ‘necessary and appropriate
modification and adjustments not
imposing a disproportionate or
undue burden, where needed in a
particular case, to ensure to persons
with disabilities the enjoyment or
exercise on an equal basis with others
of all human rights and fundamental
freedoms’
• 在ADA中RA包括：
• 1. Modification of application methods so as
to make sure disabled workers have an
equal opportunity to engage in the
competitive job market.
• 2. Modification of the physical requirements
of the position so disabled individuals can
perform the functions of the job.
• 3. Provide equal access to workers with
disabilities in terms of benefits and privileges
of employment.
合理便利
• 「合理便利」是指在根據具體情況，在不造成過
度負擔的情況下，按需要進行必要的適當修改和
調整，以確保身心障礙者在與其他人平等的基礎
上享有或行使所有人權和基本自由。
1. 第二條 定義 「基於身心障礙的歧視」
2. 第五條 平等和不歧視：為促進平等和消除歧
視，締約各國應當承諾採取一切適當步驟，確
保提供合理便利。
3. 第十四條 自由和人身安全：應享有符合本公約
宗旨和原則的待遇，包括提供合理便利的待
遇。
4. 第二十四條 教育：提供合理便利以滿足有關個
人的需要。
5. 第二十七條 工作和就業：確保在工作場所為身
心障礙者提供合理便利。
World Report on Disability 2011
10. 10
合適的尺寸與位置
2. Communication Accessibility
ICT
• Access to ICT is hierarchical rather than
dichotomous concept.
• A complex mixture of social, psychological,
economic and pragmatic factors.
3. Social Accessibility
• making adjustments to premises
• allocating some of the disabled person’s duties
to another person
• transferring him or her to fill an existing vacancy
• altering his or her hours of working or training;
• assigning him or her to a different place of work
or training
• allowing him or her to be absent during working
or training
• hours for rehabilitation, assessment or treatment;
• giving, or arranging for, training or mentoring
(whether for the disabled person or any other
person);
• acquiring or modifying equipment;
• modifying instructions or reference manuals;
• modifying procedures for testing or assessment;
• providing a reader or interpreter;
• providing supervision or other support.
