1. Electrochemistry vs
Battery System Design
A Visual Gap Analysis
Copyright 2013, ElectronVault, Inc.

2. Mecheomics
Understanding the Mechanical Electrical Chemical and Economic
Interactions of an Energy Storage System
Mecheome:
A multi-node, multi-dimensional interaction
network. Moving from one node to the next
often entails a shift in dimensionality and
coordinate system.
Battery systems are non-linear, dynamic systems.

3. Energy Storage System Spread of
Fire
Failure Paths Mecheome
Ignition of Emission of
Leaked Hazardous
Material Materials
Electrical Damage to System
Ohmic Heating Internal Thermite Cell Self
Cell Weak Cell Strong Cell Venting Pressure Waves
Heating Reaction Disassembly
Internal Short Internal Short or Shock Waves
of a Cell
I
Cell
g
in
Reverse Projectile
at
Voltage Drop Initiation of
He
Cell Single Cell Heat Self-Accelerated Bias Debris
ic
m
Deformation Transfer to Heating of Cell Product
Oh
I Neighboring Liability
Cell
Cells
Undervoltage
Current Flow Oh
mi
From Parallel Cells cH
Open Circuit eat
Cell
into Shorted Cell ing
External
Command and Control
I
Heating Systems
of one or
Group SOC Heating of more Cells
Disconnected Broken Inability to
Droop Conductors
External Internal Internal Coordinate with
System Discharge Sensors Dataflow External Systems
Decrease
(Energy to Loads)
in Cell Group Cell
Capacity Overvoltage
Unknown
(one group) Internal
Cell Thermal
History SOCs and Thermals
Mismatched Variation External Public Relations
State of Charge System Charge Problems
Group to Group (Energy Arrival from Sources) Standby
System Power
Internal Consumption Tharn
Increased Broken Poor Sales
Short
Contact Contact Warranty "Bricking"
Decreased Premature
Resistance (Open Circuit) Replacement
System Aging
Costs Shelf
Capacity R&D
Life
Costs Viability in The
Loose Tooling and Production
Capex Economics Mass (Unsubsidized)
Conductive Market
Manufacturing
Debris
Variability in System
Loose Cells Projected Unit
Fatigue of Sales Cost of
Loosening Mechanical Warranty
Solid Phase Contacts Aquisition Granularity of
of Connectors Debris Replacement
Cells to Interconnects Maintainability
Costs
Broken Component
Intrinsic Capacity Costs First Pass
Support Manufacturing
Hardware Spreading of Aging Business Channel
Electrochemical Cells Yields Compatability
Cell Cost
Operating
Envelope
Transportability
Shock and Barometric Thermal Foreign Body Chemistry of System Product Disposal
Costs
Vibration Cycling Expansion Penetration Remanufactureability
Cell Chemistry System Cost
and Lifetime Energy of Operation
Contraction Throughput of
Upgradeability Second
Cells Product Life
Self
Discharge Longevity in
Market Reconfigureability
Atmospheric
Mechanical Damage to System Cell Seal Damage Ingress to
Chemistry
Cell
© 2013 ElectronVault, Inc. All rights reserved.

4. $22.2M ARPA-E in 2012 Spread of
90% of funding Fire
10% of funding Ignition of Emission of
Leaked Hazardous
Material Materials
Electrical Damage to System
Ohmic Heating Internal Thermite Cell Self
Cell Weak Cell Strong Cell Venting Pressure Waves
Heating Reaction Disassembly
Internal Short Internal Short or Shock Waves
of a Cell
I
Cell
g
in
Reverse Projectile
at
Voltage Drop Initiation of
He
Cell Single Cell Heat Self-Accelerated Bias Debris
ic
m
Deformation Transfer to Heating of Cell Product
Oh
I Neighboring Liability
Cell
Cells
Undervoltage
Current Flow Oh
mi
From Parallel Cells cH
Open Circuit eat
Cell
into Shorted Cell ing
External
Command and Control
I
Heating Systems
of one or
Group SOC Heating of more Cells
Disconnected Broken Inability to
Droop Conductors
External Internal Internal Coordinate with
System Discharge Sensors Dataflow External Systems
Decrease
(Energy to Loads)
in Cell Group Cell
Capacity Overvoltage
Unknown
(one group) Internal
Cell Thermal
History SOCs and Thermals
Mismatched Variation External Public Relations
State of Charge System Charge Problems
Group to Group (Energy Arrival from Sources) Standby
System Power
Internal Consumption Tharn
Increased Broken Poor Sales
Short
Contact Contact Warranty "Bricking"
Decreased Premature
Resistance (Open Circuit) Replacement
System Aging
Costs Shelf
Capacity R&D
Life
Tooling and Production Costs Viability in The
Loose
Capex Economics Mass (Unsubsidized)
Conductive Market
Manufacturing
Debris
Variability in System
Loose Cells Projected Unit
Fatigue of Sales Cost of
Loosening Mechanical Warranty
Solid Phase Contacts Aquisition Granularity of
of Connectors Debris Replacement
Cells to Interconnects Maintainability
Costs
Broken Component
Intrinsic Capacity Costs First Pass
Support Manufacturing
Hardware Spreading of Aging Business Channel
Electrochemical Cells Yields Compatability
Cell Cost
Operating
Envelope
Transportability
Shock and Barometric Thermal Foreign Body Chemistry of System Product Disposal
Costs
Vibration Cycling Expansion Penetration Remanufactureability
Cell Chemistry System Cost
and Lifetime Energy of Operation
Contraction Throughput of
Upgradeability Second
Cells Product Life
Self
Discharge Longevity in
Market Reconfigureability
Atmospheric
Mechanical Damage to System Cell Seal Damage Ingress to
Chemistry
Cell
© 2013 ElectronVault, Inc. All rights reserved.

5. Root causes of recent Spread of
90% of funding
battery system failures Fire
10% of funding
$22.2M ARPA-E in 2012 Ignition of
Leaked
Emission of
Hazardous
0% of funding
Material Materials
Electrical Damage to System
Ohmic Heating Internal Thermite Cell Self
Cell Weak Cell Strong Cell Venting Pressure Waves
Heating Reaction Disassembly
Internal Short Internal Short or Shock Waves
of a Cell
I
Cell
g
in
Reverse Projectile
at
Voltage Drop Initiation of
He
Cell Single Cell Heat Self-Accelerated Bias Debris
ic
m
Deformation Transfer to Heating of Cell Product
Oh
I Neighboring Liability
Cell
Cells
Undervoltage
Current Flow Oh
mi
From Parallel Cells cH
Open Circuit eat
Cell
into Shorted Cell ing
External
Command and Control
I
Heating Systems
of one or
Group SOC Heating of more Cells
Disconnected Broken Inability to
Droop Conductors
External Internal Internal Coordinate with
System Discharge Sensors Dataflow External Systems
Decrease
(Energy to Loads)
in Cell Group Cell
Capacity Overvoltage
Unknown
(one group) Internal
Cell Thermal
History SOCs and Thermals
Mismatched Variation External Public Relations
State of Charge System Charge Problems
Group to Group (Energy Arrival from Sources) Standby
System Power
Internal Consumption Tharn
Increased Broken Poor Sales
Short
Contact Contact Warranty "Bricking"
Decreased Premature
Resistance (Open Circuit) Replacement
System Aging
Costs Shelf
Capacity R&D
Life
Tooling and Production Costs Viability in The
Loose
Capex Economics Mass (Unsubsidized)
Conductive Market
Manufacturing
Debris
Variability in System
Loose Cells Projected Unit
Fatigue of Sales Cost of
Loosening Mechanical Warranty
Solid Phase Contacts Aquisition Granularity of
of Connectors Debris Replacement
Cells to Interconnects Maintainability
Costs
Broken Component
Intrinsic Capacity Costs First Pass
Support Manufacturing
Hardware Spreading of Aging Business Channel
Electrochemical Cells Yields Compatability
Cell Cost
Operating
Envelope
Transportability
Shock and Barometric Thermal Foreign Body Chemistry of System Product Disposal
Costs
Vibration Cycling Expansion Penetration Remanufactureability
Cell Chemistry System Cost
and Lifetime Energy of Operation
Contraction Throughput of
Upgradeability Second
Cells Product Life
Self
Discharge Longevity in
Market Reconfigureability
Atmospheric
Mechanical Damage to System Cell Seal Damage Ingress to
Chemistry
Cell
© 2013 ElectronVault, Inc. All rights reserved.

6. ElectronVault patents, Spread of
patents pending and Fire
active R&D Ignition of Emission of
Leaked Hazardous
Material Materials
Electrical Damage to System
Ohmic Heating Internal Thermite Cell Self
Cell Weak Cell Strong Cell Venting Pressure Waves
Heating Reaction Disassembly
Internal Short Internal Short or Shock Waves
of a Cell
I
Cell
g
in
Reverse Projectile
at
Voltage Drop Initiation of
He
Cell Single Cell Heat Self-Accelerated Bias Debris
ic
m
Deformation Transfer to Heating of Cell Product
Oh
I Neighboring Liability
Cell
Cells
Undervoltage
Current Flow Oh
mi
From Parallel Cells cH
Open Circuit eat
Cell
into Shorted Cell ing
External
Command and Control
I
Heating Systems
of one or
Group SOC Heating of more Cells
Disconnected Broken Inability to
Droop Conductors
External Internal Internal Coordinate with
System Discharge Sensors Dataflow External Systems
Decrease
(Energy to Loads)
in Cell Group Cell
Capacity Overvoltage
Unknown
(one group) Internal
Cell Thermal
History SOCs and Thermals
Mismatched Variation External Public Relations
State of Charge System Charge Problems
Group to Group (Energy Arrival from Sources) Standby
System Power
Internal Consumption Tharn
Increased Broken Poor Sales
Short
Contact Contact Warranty "Bricking"
Decreased Premature
Resistance (Open Circuit) Replacement
System Aging
Costs Shelf
Capacity R&D
Life
Tooling and Production Costs Viability in The
Loose
Capex Economics Mass (Unsubsidized)
Conductive Market
Manufacturing
Debris
Variability in System
Loose Cells Projected Unit
Fatigue of Sales Cost of
Loosening Mechanical Warranty
Solid Phase Contacts Aquisition Granularity of
of Connectors Debris Replacement
Cells to Interconnects Maintainability
Costs
Broken Component
Intrinsic Capacity Costs First Pass
Support Manufacturing
Hardware Spreading of Aging Business Channel
Electrochemical Cells Yields Compatability
Cell Cost
Operating
Envelope
Transportability
Shock and Barometric Thermal Foreign Body Chemistry of System Product Disposal
Costs
Vibration Cycling Expansion Penetration Remanufactureability
Cell Chemistry System Cost
and Lifetime Energy of Operation
Contraction Throughput of
Upgradeability Second
Cells Product Life
Self
Discharge Longevity in
Market Reconfigureability
Atmospheric
Mechanical Damage to System Cell Seal Damage Ingress to
Chemistry
Cell
© 2013 ElectronVault, Inc. All rights reserved.

7. Thank you for reading
To schedule a talk or for more information about the
mecheome, mecheomics or ElectronVault, for a prompt
reply, please email:
G
mecheome@electronvault.com