Sheet1ReligionCosmogony - Origin of the UniverseNature of GodView of Human NatureView of Good and EvilView of “Salvation”View of After LifePractices and RitualsCelebrations and FestivalsHinduismthere are many creation stories in hinduism for instance they belief there was the sacrifice of a man referred to as Purusa and is body turned out to be the universe. Another creation belief is that the universe was created from the breath of a god referred to as Vishnu. the breath multiplied and created the earth.Brahman is the supreme being to hinduism. He cannot be seen nor heard but his the ultimate creator. human nature has some expectataions for instance they should perform sacrifices to their gods, perform specific duties to the society and bear children. Mostly sons are encouraged.In hinduism there is the belief of karma in that every action you take has its own consequences. The fruits of doing good will be rewarded in the after life for instance one can live a great life whereas the fruits of evil will be pain and suffering. Any evil or good happens because of what happened in our previous lives.Hinduism values salvation this is because they view it as a way of finding a resting place. There are four stages referred to has toga that enable salvation to take place first, jnana yoga whereby knowledge of nature and understanding it. Secondly, bhakti yoga which talks about love, devotion through worship. in addition, karma yoga whereby one performs task without hoping for repayment. lastly, raja yoga where people mideitate and try to find a relaxed position to reach Braharam.They belief in the after life whereby people either get the rewards or punishment for what they did while on earth. The most common hindu ritual is the hindu worship refreerd ro as puja. It can be done in a temple or at home. A representation of the god is bathed with milk, honey, curds and water then dressed with very nice outfits and presented with flowers. The rite involves some music, chnats, incense and bells. the room is lightened up witha lamp.There are many festivals in the religion of hindu's namely: rama navami, ratha jayanti, ratha yatra, rakshi bandhana, ganesh chaturthi and many more. The practices involved are fasting, visiting the temple, visiting relatives, distribution of helpings, deities procesion, getting new clothes and many more. this festivals bbrings unity to the menbers.Hinduism and Jainismin Jainism, they do not belief that the universe was created in fact to them there is no creator therefore the idea is wrong. There is no god in Jainism. They belief in a perfect soul which can be created but don’t have an existing god whi can be worshipped. they that when an individual perfects their human nature then they can be a god. A person should be liberated by dealing with their karmas.In Jainism they belief in karma in regulating the good and evil in the society. According to them evil shows that their in no god but that there is human natures.They do not .

1. Sheet1ReligionCosmogony - Origin of the UniverseNature of
GodView of Human NatureView of Good and EvilView of
“Salvation”View of After LifePractices and RitualsCelebrations
and FestivalsHinduismthere are many creation stories in
hinduism for instance they belief there was the sacrifice of a
man referred to as Purusa and is body turned out to be the
universe. Another creation belief is that the universe was
created from the breath of a god referred to as Vishnu. the
breath multiplied and created the earth.Brahman is the supreme
being to hinduism. He cannot be seen nor heard but his the
ultimate creator. human nature has some expectataions for
instance they should perform sacrifices to their gods, perform
specific duties to the society and bear children. Mostly sons are
encouraged.In hinduism there is the belief of karma in that
every action you take has its own consequences. The fruits of
doing good will be rewarded in the after life for instance one
can live a great life whereas the fruits of evil will be pain and
suffering. Any evil or good happens because of what happened
in our previous lives.Hinduism values salvation this is because
they view it as a way of finding a resting place. There are four
stages referred to has toga that enable salvation to take place
first, jnana yoga whereby knowledge of nature and
understanding it. Secondly, bhakti yoga which talks about love,
devotion through worship. in addition, karma yoga whereby one
performs task without hoping for repayment. lastly, raja yoga
where people mideitate and try to find a relaxed position to
reach Braharam.They belief in the after life whereby people
either get the rewards or punishment for what they did while on
earth. The most common hindu ritual is the hindu worship
refreerd ro as puja. It can be done in a temple or at home. A
representation of the god is bathed with milk, honey, curds and
water then dressed with very nice outfits and presented with
flowers. The rite involves some music, chnats, incense and
bells. the room is lightened up witha lamp.There are many

2. festivals in the religion of hindu's namely: rama navami, ratha
jayanti, ratha yatra, rakshi bandhana, ganesh chaturthi and many
more. The practices involved are fasting, visiting the temple,
visiting relatives, distribution of helpings, deities procesion,
getting new clothes and many more. this festivals bbrings unity
to the menbers.Hinduism and Jainismin Jainism, they do not
belief that the universe was created in fact to them there is no
creator therefore the idea is wrong. There is no god in Jainism.
They belief in a perfect soul which can be created but don’t
have an existing god whi can be worshipped. they that when an
individual perfects their human nature then they can be a god. A
person should be liberated by dealing with their karmas.In
Jainism they belief in karma in regulating the good and evil in
the society. According to them evil shows that their in no god
but that there is human natures.They do not belief in salavation
because there is no greater being who can salvage people. To
Janaist people should only what is right in their own way
because there is karma. Anybody who desires something is not
perfectThey don’t belief in the after life but they know the
beings that are in heaven are referred to as arhats who have
higher knowledge. They bring good karma to the people hence
worshipped.the daily practices of jainism involves medidating,
giving honor to tirthankara, control of the bosy by standing in
the same position throughout the time, not taking food and
abstaing during the period, respecting the spiritual leaders and
repenting for the wrongs one has done. this rituals are done
each day.special celebrations performed ny jainists are twelev
tithies which takes place 12 times in a month. New year day
which celebrates the new year. Ghyan panchmi which happens
on the 5th of the new year. It celebrates the holy scriptures
through worship. poh dasmi this involves three days of fasting.
navpad which is a day of partial fatsing. there are more
celebrations. BuddhismBuddhism belief that the universe is part
of an illusion. They think the universe came aabout because of
the actions of the people who live in it therefore it is just a
flux.they do not belief in existence of God in fact they belief

3. that the idea of god came about because of peoles fear. in
buddhism human nature has to follow through five aggregates
that is conciousness, mental constructions, cognition, feeling
and body. A person has no self therefore they depend on the
five aggregates.Good and evil cannot be separated in buddhism.
You cannot say an individual is evil nor good because evil or
good is measured by the impact it has on people or other
peoples lives and individuals are capable of being evil or good.
Salvation in buddhuist can be achieved by reaching nivada. This
is whereby one is able to be just. Salvation is not the key thing
in buddhuism in fact alleviating suffering is more important.In
buddhaism they belief in the after life whereby some will be
punished for the wrongs they made and others will be rewarded
for the good they did. Through karma the punishment lasts until
the deed is wholly punished.there are many rituals in buddhuists
for instance offering respect to the buddha, confessiion time
which involves confeessing one's mistakes, precept ceremonies,
calling for spirits to protect people, initiationa of buddhas,
blessings and many more. This rituals creates a stronger feeling
in the religion and unifies people.there are also many
celebrations in the Buddhist religion. For instance there is
dhamna day which occurs on the full moon which celebrates the
first teaching . Secondly, vesek which is Budddhas birthday.
Magha puja day which celebrates an important event on the life
of the buddah. there are more celebrations such as uposatha,
songkran and kathina ceremony.Daoism andDaoism is the origin
of the universe according to the tao beievers. They belief they
are the universeThey do not have a god although some worship
laozi who is the founder of the religion. They belief in the
wayin daoism human nature is the same has how nature works
for instance when an individual is follows nature and his
determined to improve themselves then the result is great but
when they deviate from expectations then they will destroy their
lives.In daoism good is associated with nature. Basically man is
born when good an individual does evil things when their needs
or feelings are not fulfilled. An example is when you see a child

4. about to fall to a well the first instict will be to help the child
not to be a superhero.salvation is not a necessity in taoism.
They belief there is nothing that a individual needs to be saved
from. The major objective is to live a long life by taking
medication and eating healthy food.After life has no meaning ta
daotism this is because they focus more on living a long
fulfilling life. To them when a person dies they go back to tao
in fact nobody cares about what happens after death.Taoist
practice numerous rituals and rites for instance death rites
which are done to protect the persons spirit from any kind of
evil. The spirits were petitioned to stay away from the spirit of
the dead so that they can find a peaceful transition to the other
world.Major celebratiosn such has chinese new year are
celebrated all over china but taoism has its own unique
celebrations. For instance first lunar month celebrates the new
year and the manifestation year. Secondly, second lunar which
celebrates the birthday os the earth father. third lunar month
celebrates the birthday of the god of rain. 4th lunar month
celebrates the birthday of immortal lu tung-pin. and many
more.ConfucianismThey belief that the universe was created by
the tao forces which was followed through by the yin and yang
forces, energy and tension. This all combined created the
universe.There is no god in this religion. There exists a force
referred to as tao who they belief is the creator.Human nature
can only be established by being morally upright and having a
good education. For instance one standing rule is that if you do
not want others to do that do you then don’t do it.In
confucianism good and evil are part of life. Evil acts as a
learning point so that an individual can be a better person.
Doing good is a blessing . Feeling sorry to those hurting is
normal in this religion but has expected not all people are
capable of feeling empathy.They do not belief in salvation
because they have not god who they can worship. Confucianism
are all about humanity therefore salvation is something they do
not perform.After life doesn’t exist with confucianism this is
because they belief the idea is complicated for human beings.

5. People should not base their decisions and actions on what can
happen to them in the afterlife instead they should focus on
their lives.The confucianism don’t really have rituals and rites
because they were never a religion. The only noticeable rite is
the death rite because they respect the death. The family mourn
their loved one and chant pryaers which comforts them. The
religious leader is present who buries the dead. their is a
ceremont that is held to commemorate the person.there are no
specific celebrations in this religion because most believers are
always of other religion therefore they always celebrate their
celebrations. For instance some celebrate easter Monday. The
members celebrtae the birthday of confucius.Shinto they belief
that the universe was created by Kami who is the god. He began
in heave and gave birth to the daughters and sons which form
the universe.They belief in Kami has the supreme God who is
above evryone because he gave then lifein shinto beliefs
humans are sacred in nature. They can be corrupted through
many forms for instance diseases. This leads to creation of sin
which can be corrected through purification.To understand good
and evil in Shinto we need to know the role of purity. Purity is
what can push a person away from Kammi therefore according
to them everyone is born pure its only sin and pollution that can
allianate an individual. Evil are mostly caused by sin and can be
dwelt with through purification or cleansing rituals.The concept
of salvation in Shintoism is worshipping kami through rituals or
festistals that honour him. It is mostly referred to as matsuri.
The afterlife is important to shinto's therefore they should live a
purified life so that they are able to protect their people when
they die.Shinto's belief in the afterlife. They belief that kami's
spirit is around and that the human nature spirit will prevail.
There is the other world that is heaven that the good spirits live
and yomi which deals with death. The spirits can connect
through festivals or rituals whereby they protect their people.the
most common shinto ritual is purification which is performed by
male priests and assisted by the female ones. It involves
cleansing before reaching out to kami who is the god. Other

6. rituals are praying, making food and many more.In shinto
religion a major festival is taisai which takes many days during
the celebrations. It involves all the people and doesn’t
necessarily involve the shrine. A shime which is a sacred rope
is hang on each door to show the presence of kami on each
homestead. there is a procession which folllows the mikoshi
that everyone stops and worships because it has the presence of
kami the god. everybody takes part in this festival hence creates
a bond between the worshippers. JudaismJust like christians
jews belief that the universe was created by God. They belief
that it was created in six days by God and that the idea of
evolution is wrong. The universe did not evolve has scientist
like to beliefThey belief in the mighty being that is God has
their father. He is above everyone in the religion and guides
them.according to judaism human nature can be in two ways the
spirit and the body. The spiritual one is whereby God directs a
person but the physical nature is directed by an
individual.Judaism belief that God is good and that he created
evil so that people can be able to make their own choices. He
made people on his own image that shows how much he loved
the people. Evil can be avoided by choosing to be obedient to
God at all times. In the afterlife people will be punished for the
sins they have made.In judaism the idea of personal salvation is
not really acknowledged. They believe God can forgive one's
sins and also that he is the only one that should judge an
individual. They are waiting for the messiah who will salvage
them and give them eternal lives.In judaism afterlife is not also
well pronounced. This is because they are still waiting for the
messiah who will pass judgement. They are more concerned on
their whether they are living morally upright. The old testament
doesn’t talk much about the afterlife.Jewish rites and rituals are
classified as private and corporate. Private is whereby an
individual prays three times a day in house or whenever a
person is. Attending the sabbath schools early morning worship.
Jews cover their head when in prayers. They read through
scrolls.Jewish ceremonies involve the sabbath which is the most

7. important. It happens on the 1st day of each week and jews go
to the synangogue to pray. The all day is dedicated to God for
prayers and worship. Succoth in another celebrations whereby
takes eight days and the believers rejoice in the love of God.
chanukah is another ceremony whereby celebrates the recapture
of the jews temple.ChristianityIn christianity they belief that
the universe was created by God. The first book of Genesis in
the Bible talks about God creating the universe. They don’t
belief in evoluation.In christianity they believe in God who is
the creator of heaven and earth and forgives them their
sins.Humans are viewed has people who can make mistakes but
they will find refuge in the mighty God because he forgives
their sins.Good and evil exists in the christian religion. They
belief human being were born sinners therefore the religion tries
to make people just through salvation. Eve and adam created the
original sin that has beem punishment to the whole christians.
Good deeds will be rewarded while evil will be
punishedsalvation is valued in the christian religion. They
belief Jesus Christ is the sonn of God who was sent to take
away their sins which happens through salvation. Jesus is the
way to slavation in christianity.christians belief in the afterlife.
They belief there is another world referred to as heaven
whereby the rightious will be taken and hell whereby the
sinners will be taken. There are promises of a great afterlife for
those who will worship God and hell for those who will not
worship him.cxhristians have many rites which are practiced
overally by the many denominations. For instance attending
churches each Sunday, taking sacraments, offering to the lord,
worshipping, preaching and many more. This rites are the same
in many denominationschristians also celebrate holidays or
festivals which also applies to all denominations. For instance
christmas which marks the birth of jesus christ. Secondly,
thanksgiving which marks the resurrections of jesus christ. This
are the major celebrations.IslamIn islam they belief that the
universe was created by God that is Allah. They also don’t rule
out evoluation but belief that if it happened then it is God who

8. created itThey belief in Allah who is their supreme God. He is
worshipped by all islam people.human nature is also the same
in islam has in christianity. People are expected to worship
allah and live in his image. They belief that adam and eve's seen
was forgiven and doesn’t affect human beings now. Good and
evil is present in Islam. Good people are those people who
foolow the rules that Allah gave especially the five pillars of
islam. Evil is present from the time he refused to worship adam
Allah eliminated him from heaven. Iblis tries to tempt good
people not to worship allah.The koran doesn’t agree to the idea
of salvation because it states that salvation depends with actions
of an individual. On the other hand they belief that repentance
is given by Allah therefore people should follow his
teachings.Islam belief in the afterlife. In fact the promises given
for a person who lives a righteous life is overwhelming. It
encourages people to worship Allah. For those who don’t
worship allah they will face the wrath especially the infidels
who have a chnace to join the religion Islam does the following
rites namely: naming ceremony when a child is born, shadada
which marks the beginning of the muslim journey in a child,
marriage ritual which is performed when oneis tying the knot
and funerals which is the last rite to an individual.just like other
religions islam has major celebrations. Foremost, ramadan
which is the most important in the muslim world. It involves
fasting and repentance to allah. Id-ul-adha occurs after ramadan
and celebrates the poor in the society and the respect of
abraham the father of the nation. al-isra wal miraj celebrates the
journey of muhammed to meccah.SikhismThe sikh belief that
the universe was created by God in fact everything that is the
universe was created by God. They don’t know for how long it
took to create but all the same it is God.Sikhs belief in the
existence of god because he is seen everywhere through his
acts. He can be seen by anyone who wants to dedicate his time
to see himHuman nature in sikhism requires individuals to walk
on the sikh path and live truthful lives. They must live
according to the Guru's teachings.In sikhism everything that

9. occur is through the will of God. In fact evil was created by
God to test the strength of people and also to give them things
to learn about. Mostly pain and suffering are caused by people's
choices. Its only people who can differentiate between good and
wrong therefore sikh's should make the right choices each
day.for sikhs in order for one to attain salavtion they have to
live atruthful life and reach out to God on a daily basis. It is not
necessary to fast or abstain for one to communicate with God. It
is important to have faith in God and everything will work out
well. Guru stated that those who medidated achieved
salvation.Sikhism doesn’t emphasize on the afterlife in fact they
are more interested on the moral life of an individual right now.
They belief in the afterlife they will meet with the creator who
will judge them for their actions during their lives on earth.the
rituals practices by the siks involve naam karan which is the
naming ceremony of a child, amrit sanskar which is the
initiation ceremony, anand karaj which is the marriage
ceremony and the funeral ceremony.the sikhs celebrate many
festivals for instance gurpurbs which markss very important
anniversaries i.e. birth, baiskani which celebrates the
foundation of the religion, bandi chhor which celebrates the
release of guru from prison, magha which marks the persecution
of 40 sikhs and hola mohalla whereby they celebrate their
proweness through practicing military tactics..