The document discusses the mortgage market, including what a mortgage is, the primary and secondary markets, the roles of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, impacts of the mortgage crisis, and the future of the mortgage market. It notes that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac purchase about 80% of new home mortgages and held $1.5 trillion in mortgages and MBS by 2008. The government took over Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac as conservator in 2008 and introduced programs like HAMP to help homeowners avoid foreclosure. The future of the GSEs and mortgage-backed securities is uncertain and dependent on economic conditions.

1. The Mortgage Market Presented by: Brady Anderson Chad Atkinson Charles Jones McLeod Robinson Laura Rogers

2. What Is a Mortgage? A mortgage is a method of using property as security for the performance of an obligation, usually the payment of a debt. Arranging a mortgage is seen as the standard method by which individuals and businesses can purchase residential and commercial real estate without the need to pay the full value immediately.

3. Two Markets Primary market: where mortgage origination takes place. Lenders creating mortgages in this market include banks and other financial institutions. Secondary market: where mortgages are resold. Mortgages in this market are often grouped together into tranches based on risk, size, and structure and are then sold as a collateralized debt obligation, mortgage-backed security, or other type of derivative.

4. How the Mortgage Market Operates What does the Primary Mortgage Market Mean? Who sets the interest rates that we pay on our mortgages?

5. What is the Secondary Mortgage Market? How does it work? Who are the main participants in this section of the mortgage market?

6. What role do Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac play in our Mortgage Market? Fannie Mae A.K.A-Federal National Mortgage Association Freddie Mac A.K.A-Federal Home loan Mortgage Corporation

7. The Main operation of the Mortgage Market To provide people or families with the money to purchase a home

8. Mortgage Impacts Banks MBS-Mortgage Backed Securities MBS provide capital to banks from their resale in the market As a result of the recent mortgage crisis banks credit lines have shrunk dramatically due to loss of value in MBS.

9. Mortgage Impacts In the Fall of 2008 key financial firms failed due primarily to subprime lending causing many people to withdraw from the money market As a result many banks and general businesses lost their main supply of credit and lenders abruptly stopped lending due to increased credit risk

10. Mortgage Impacts Personal wealth can also be directly associated with the mortgage market. A downward spiraling housing market has put a strain on many peoples wallets causing overall consumption to slow down This has had an adverse effect on many businesses, particularly the auto industry.

11. The History of the Mortgage Market: Fannie Mae Created in 1938 as part of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal. Established in order to provide local banks with federal money to finance home mortgages. Initially, it operated like a national savings and loan, allowing banks to charge low interest rates on mortgages which led to the secondary mortgage market. In 1968, Lyndon Johnson privatized Fannie Mae in order to remove it from the national budget. At this point, Fannie Mae began operating as a GSE.

12. The History of the Mortgage Market: Freddie Mac Created in 1970. Was formed to prevent any further monopolization by Fannie Mae in the market and to expand the secondary market for mortgages. Was established as a private corporation through the Emergency Home Finance Act of 1970.

13. The Mortgage Market Today 2008: Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac had purchased about 80% of all new home mortgages in the U.S. By June 30th, 2008, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac held $1.5 trillion in mortgages and MBS. 2008: 5.4 million homeowners (almost 12% or mortgage-holders) were in default or foreclosure. 2008: 13.6 million homeowners owed more than their homes were worth. Unemployment and mortgage delinquency.

14. The Mortgage Market Today July 30th, 2008: Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) created to regulate Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The Economic Recovery Act September 7, 2008: FHFA becomes conservator for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Government financing agreement. The Home Affordable program

15. The Future of the Mortgage Market Presented by: Brady Anderson Chad Atkinson Charles Jones MCleod Robinson Laura Rogers

16. Making Home Affordable Program The Home Affordable Refinance Program Designed to make refinancing available to borrowers with loans guaranteed by government sponsored enterprises. (Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac) The Home Affordable Modification Program Designed to provide aid to borrowers specifically facing or undergoing foreclosure by providing incentives to lenders, borrowers, investors and servicers.

17. Increased support to GSE’s This program significantly increases government commitment to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, doubling its investment from 100 to 200 billion for each entity. As a result this significantly raises the dollar amount of mortgage value each GSE can maintain. It is hopeful that this program may help 7-9 million American families avoid foreclosure.

18. Is it Enough? Irresponsible financial institutions have bared much of the blame in the collapse of the mortgage market The US government has issued billions upon billions of dollars to keep these large financial entities afloat. It is hard to tell if all of these support programs will work or if they are just a colossal waste of taxpayers money.

19. Will GSE’s work? Some believe these support programs could end up working well resulting in lower expenses for borrowers and more money for businesses Others believe a total nationalization of unhealthy financial institutions is the best option in order to clean up the banking system and then quickly resell these instutions once their bad debt and management have been cleaned up.

21. Congress would replace Fannie and Freddie with one or two private sector entities that would purchase and securitize mortgages with a credit guarantee backed by the federal government.

23. The Long-Term Future of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac They will likely require federal cash infusions, by buying their mortgage-backed securities, or other investments, for at least a decade, probably longer. Once Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac become profitable the government will hope to recoup their investment by selling off stock to the public. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have long been considered “too big to fail”. So as long as they continue to be backed by the federal government they will most likely remain in business.

24. The Immediate Future of Ginnie Mae In the past two years Ginnie Mae has grown exponentially. Ginnie Mae will continue to grow and prosper as long as the market stays down. This is because Ginnie Mae acts like a utility, and has the only MBS’s that are backed by the full faith and credit of the US government.

25. The Immediate Future of Ginnie Mae Ginnie Mae could also gain more power if international investors become more involved If Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac recover, Ginnie Mae could possibly start to decline because of lower returns

26. The Long-Term Future of Ginnie Mae Even if Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac recover, there will still probably be room for Ginnie Mae. This is because of the timely payments of Ginnie Mae that are guaranteed by the US government.

27. The future market for Mortgage-Backed Securities The current market conditions Short-term or intermediate market Long-term perspectives

29. Government intervention

30. Weaknesses

31. Amount of defaults

32. Banks stability

34. Long-term perspectives Eventually, the market will get back on track. Mortgages will increase, and defaults will decrease. But in the long-run investors will be scared of MBS’s because of what has happened recently in the market. The MBS market may never again be where it once was because investors and borrowers see how much it can influence the overall economy.

35. The Future of Mortgage Rates What affects mortgage rates? The default rate Early loan payoff Loan fraud Foreclosures Lender margins Inflation Economic news Supply and demand of mortgage-backed securities.

36. Current Events and Future Mortgage Rates Today, there are many different speculations about the future of mortgage rates. Current economic events and the actions of the Fed and other entities will be pivotal in determining future rates. Future unfolding of the housing crisis will also influence future mortgage rates. Ultimately, the actions of the Fed today and over the next few years could make the difference between another Great Inflation, depression, or a normal economy for our future.