General information about International Organizations and Chamber of Commerce. In class presentation

1. International Organizations
and Chamber of Commerce

2. What is International Organization?
 An international organization is an organization with an international
membership, scope, or presence.
 The role of international organizations is helping to set the international agenda,
mediating political bargaining, providing a place for political initiatives and acting
as catalysts for coalition- formation. International organizations also define the
issues and decide which issues can be grouped together, thus help governmental
priority determination or other governmental arrangements.
 Not all international organizations seek economic, political and social cooperation
and integration.

3. There are two main types of international
organizations:
INTERGOVERNMENTAL
(PUBLİC) ORGANIZATIONS
IGO
Permanent organizations
set up by two or more
states to carry on activities
on common interest.
Since WWII, the
number of IGO’s
has increased.
Today there are
about 400.
An IGO’s aims
and objectives,
internal
structure,
resources and
powrs are set
out in a charter;
which is drafted
by the
organizations’s
member states.
NONGOVERNMENTAL
(PRİVATE)
ORGANIZATIONS NGO
NGO’s serve as coordinationg agencies fr private
national groups in international affairs. Includes
non-profit and for-profit NGO’S.
Examples of non-profit NGO’s:
Int. Air Transport Associatation,
Amnesty International etc.
Examples of for-profit NGO’s:
The International Chamber of
Commerce, Organization for
Economic Cooperation and
Development etc.

4. List Of International Organizations

5. 1) BANK FOR INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENTS (BIS)
 The mission is to serve central banks in their pursuit of monetary and financial stability, to foster
international cooperation in those areas and to act as a bank for central banks.
 Established in 1930, the BIS is owned by 60 central banks, representing countries from around the
world that together account for about 95% of world GDP. Its head office is in Basel, Switzerland and
it has two representative offices: in Hong Kong SAR and in Mexico City.
2) EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK (ECB)
 The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central bank of the 19 European Union countries which have
adopted the euro. The European Central Bank and the national central banks together constitute the
Eurosystem, the central banking system of the euro area. The main objective of the Eurosystem is to
maintain price stability: safeguarding the value of the euro.

6. 3) FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS (FAO)
 It is aspecialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat
hunger. The main goal is to achieve food security for all and make sure that people have regular access
to enough high-quality food to lead active, healthy lives. With over 194 member states, FAO works in
over 130 countries worldwide. Today, countries face an increasing myriad of demands and challenges in
agricultural development. To support them, FAO has identified five key priorities as Helping eliminate
hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition, Making agriculture, forestry and fisheries more productive and
sustainable, Reducing rural poverty, Enabling inclusive and efficient agricultural and food systems and
increasing the resilience of livelihoods to threats and crises.
4) INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION (ILO)
 The ILO was founded in 1919, in the wake of a destructive war, to pursue a vision based on the premise
that universal, lasting peace can be established only if it is based on social justice. The ILO became the
first specialized agency of the UN in 1946.
 The only tripartite U.N. agency, brings together governments, employers and workers of 187 member
States, to set labor standards, develop policies and devise programmes promoting decent work for all
women and men.
 The main aims of the ILO are to promote rights at work, encourage decent employment opportunities,
enhance social protection and strengthen dialogue on work-related issues.

7. 5) INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF)
 The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 189 countries, working to foster global
monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment
and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.
 Created in 1945, the IMF is governed by and accountable to the 189 countries that make up its near-global
membership.
 The IMF's primary purpose is to ensure the stability of the international monetary system—the system of
exchange rates and international payments that enables countries (and their citizens) to transact with each
other. The Fund's mandate was updated in 2012 to include all macroeconomic and financial sector issues
that bear on global stability.
6) INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION (ITU)
 Founded in 1865 to facilitate international connectivity in communications networks, they allocate global radio spectrum
and satellite orbits, develop the technical standards that ensure networks and technologies seamlessly interconnect, and
strive to improve access to ICTs to underserved communities worldwide.

ITU is committed to connecting all the world's people. Through their work, they protect and support everyone's right to
communicate.
 ITU makes phone calls possible, coordinates the world’s satellites, makes Internet access possible, helps support
communications in the wake of disasters and emergencies, works with the industry to define the new technologies,
powers the mobile revolution, works with public and private sector partners to ensure that ICT access and services are
affordable, equitable and universal.

8. 7) ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD)
 OECD was established in 1961 in Paris, France. It has 36 membership countries. Its budget is EUR 374 million and it
publishes 250 new titles per year.
 The mission of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is to promote policies that will
improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world.
 The OECD provides a forum in which governments can work together to share experiences and seek solutions to
common problems. They work with governments to understand what drives economic, social and environmental
change. They measure productivity and global flows of trade and investment. They analyse and compare data to
predict future trends. We set international standards on a wide range of things, from agriculture and tax to the safety
of chemicals.
8) PARIS 21 (P21)
 PARIS21 was established by the United Nations, the European Commission, the Organization for Economic
Co-operation and Development (OECD), the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank. Since its
establishment in 1999, PARIS21 has successfully developed a worldwide network of statisticians, policy
makers, analysts, and development practitioners committed to evidence-based decision making.
 With the main objective to achieve national and international development goals and reduce poverty in
low and middle income countries, PARIS21 facilitates statistical capacity development, advocates for the
integration of reliable data in decision making, and co-ordinates donor support to statistics. It’s main
missions are Strengthening Statistical Systems, Developing Innovative Solutions for Statistics, Advocating
and Funding for Statistics, Engaging in International Initiatives, Building and Sharing Knowledge.

9. 9) STATISTICAL OFFICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (EUROSTAT)
 Eurostat was established in 1953 to meet the requirements of the Coal and Steel Community. Over the
years its task has broadened and when the European Community was founded in 1958 it became a
Directorate-General (DG) of the European Commission, situated in Luxembourg. Today, Eurostat's key role
is to supply statistics to other DGs and supply the Commission and other European Institutions with data
so they can define, implement and analyse Community policies.
 Its mission is to provide high quality statistics for Europe. Eurostat offers a whole range of important and
interesting data that governments, businesses, the education sector, journalists and the public can use for
their work and daily life. While fulfilling its mission, Eurostat promotes the following values: respect and
trust, fostering excellence, promoting innovation, service orientation, and professional independence.
10) UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT (UNCTAD)
 The first United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was held in Geneva in 1964.
Headquarters are located in Geneva, Switzerland, and has offices in New York and Addis Ababa.
 UNCTAD is part of the UN Secretariat. It reports to the UN General Assembly and the Economic and
Social Council but have our own membership, leadership, and budget. It is also part of the United
Nations Development Group.

10. 11) UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
(UNESCAP)
 The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) is the regional development arm of the United
Nations for the Asia-Pacific region. Made up of 53 Member States and 9 Associate Members. This makes ESCAP the most comprehensive of
the United Nations five regional commissions, and the largest United Nations body serving the Asia-Pacific region with over 600 staff.
 Established in 1947 with its headquarters in Bangkok, Thailand, ESCAP works to overcome some of the region’s greatest challenges by
providing results oriented projects, technical assistance and capacity building to member States in the following areas: Macroeconomic
Policy, Poverty Reduction and Financing for Development; Trade, Investment and Innovation; Transport; Environment and Development;
Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction; Social Development; Statistics; Sub regional activities for
development ; Energy.
 ESCAP is committed to a resilient Asia and the Pacific founded on shared prosperity, social equity and sustainability. Its vision is to be the
most comprehensive multilateral platform for promoting cooperation among member States to achieve inclusive and sustainable economic
and social development in Asia and the Pacific.
12) UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA (UNECA)
 Established by the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the United Nations (UN) in 1958 as one of the UN's five
regional commissions, ECA's mandate is to promote the economic and social development of its member States, foster
intra-regional integration, and promote international cooperation for Africa's development.
 Made up of 54 member States, and playing a dual role as a regional arm of the UN and as a key component of the African
institutional landscape, ECA is well positioned to make unique contributions to address the Continent’s development
challenges.
 Its mission is to deliver ideas and actions for an empowered and transformed Africa. The mission is guided by ECA’s five
new strategic directions which are: Advancing ECA’s position as a premier knowledge institution; Developing
macroeconomic and structural policy options; Designing and implementing innovative financing; Contributing solutions to
regional and trans boundary challenges; Advocating Africa’s position at the global level and developing regional responses
as a contribution to global governance issues.

12. 13) United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)
The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) was set up in 1947 by ECOSOC. It is one of five
regional commissions of the United Nations.
UNECE's major aim is to promote pan-European economic integration. UNECE includes 56 member States in
Europe, North America and Asia. However, all interested United Nations member States may participate in the
of UNECE. Over 70 international professional organizations and other non-governmental organizations take part
UNECE activities.
14) United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and Carribbean (UNECLAC)
The Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA) -the Spanish acronym is CEPAL- was established by
and Social Council resolution 106(VI) of 25 February 1948 and began to function that same year. The scope of the
Commission's work was later broadened to include the countries of the Caribbean, and by resolution 1984/67 of
July 1984, the Economic Council decided to change its name to the Economic Commission for Latin America and
the Caribbean (ECLAC); the Spanish acronym, CEPAL, remains unchanged.
15) United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
(UNESCWA)
The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia, ESCWA looks after enhancing the
Asian region’s performance on Trade Facilitation issues to foster more economic development through assisting
countries identity and implement priorities of trade facilitation reform to bring about further integration at the
regional and global level.
ESCWA’s effort is trade facilitation complements its work on other core areas including trade policy reform and
transport and logistics development with the objective of improving competitiveness and reducing trade barriers
and trade cost.

13. 16) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was born on 16 November 1945.
UNESCO has 195 Members and 8 Associate Members and is governed by the General Conference and the
Board. The Secretariat, headed by the Director-General, implements the decisions of these two bodies. The
Organization has more the 50 field offices around the world and its headquarters are located in Paris.
UNESCO’s mission is to contribute to the building of a culture of peace, the eradication of poverty, sustainable
development and intercultural dialogue through education, the sciences, culture, communication and information
17) The United Nations Human Settlements Program (UN-Habitat)
The United Nations Human Settlements Program UN-Habitat is the United Nations agency mandated by the UN
General Assembly to promote socially and environmentally sustainable towns and cities to provide adequate
for all.

14. 18) United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
UNIDO is the specialized agency of the United Nations that promotes industrial development for
poverty reduction, inclusive globalization and environmental sustainability.
19) United Nations Office on Drug and Crime (UNODC)
UNODC is a global leader in the fight against illicit drugs and international crime. Established in 1997 through a
merger between the United Nations Drug Control Programme and the Centre for International Crime
Prevention, UNODC operates in all regions of the world through an extensive network of field offices. UNODC
relies on voluntary contributions, mainly from Governments, for 90 per cent of its budget.
20) United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD)
The United Nations Statistics Division is committed to the advancement of the global statistical system. We
compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and
support countries' efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems. We facilitate the coordination of
international statistical activities and support the functioning of the United Nations Statistical Commission as the
apex entity of the global statistical system.

15. 21) World Bank (WB)
The World Bank (French: Banque mondiale) is an international financial institution that provides loans to countries
the world for capital projects. It comprises two institutions: the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD), and the International Development Association (IDA).
22) World Health Organization (WHO)
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with
international public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The
is a member of the United Nations Development Group.
23) World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
The World Tourism Organization is the United Nations agency responsible for the promotion of responsible,
sustainable and universally accessible tourism.
24) World Trade Organization (WTO)
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international institution that oversees the global trade rules between
nations. The WTO is based on agreements signed by the majority of the world's trading nations. The main function
the organization is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers protect and manage their
businesses.

16. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE

17. What is Chamber of Commerce?
 A chamber of commerce (or board of trade) is a form of business network, for
example, a local organization of businesses whose goal is to further the interests of
businesses. Business owners in towns and cities form these local societies to
advocate on behalf of the business community. Local businesses are members, and
they elect a board of directors or executive council to set policy for the chamber.
The board or council then hires a President, CEO or Executive Director, plus staffing
appropriate to size, to run the organization. A chamber of commerce is a voluntary
association of business firms belonging to different trades and industries. They
serve as spokesmen and representatives of business community. They differ from
country to country.

18. History of Chamber of Commerces
 The first chamber of commerce was founded in 1599 in Marseille, France as the
"Chambre de Commerce"
 The world's oldest English-speaking chamber of commerce and oldest chamber of
commerce in North America is the Halifax Chamber of Commerce, founded in
1750.
 As a non-governmental institution, a chamber of commerce has no direct role in
the writing and passage of laws and regulations that affect businesses. It can,
however, lobby in an attempt to get laws passed that are favorable to businesses

19. CHAMBER MODELS
1) Community, city and regional chambers
2) Community chambers
3) City chambers
4) State chambers
5) National and international chambers
6) Compulsory or public-law chambers
7) Continental/private law chambers
8) Multilateral chambers

20. 1) Community, city and regional chambers
 Chambers of commerce in the United States can be considered community, city,
regional, state, or nationwide (United States Chamber of Commerce). City
Chambers work on the local level to bring the business community together to
develop strong local networks, which can result in a business-to-business
exchange. In most cases, city Chambers work with their local government, such as
their mayor, their city council and local representatives to develop pro-business
initiatives. There are also bilateral chambers of commerce that link the business
environments of two countries (e.g. Romanian-American Chamber of Commerce,
Moldovan–American Chamber of Commerce).

21. 2) Community chambers
 Community chambers of commerce started in the UK and later spread to in the US,
becoming city chambers of commerce as communities developed and became
larger. Community chambers of commerce are smaller and most have a limit on
numbers of members.

22. 3) City chambers
 City chambers of commerce have a long history in the US. The Charleston Chamber
of Commerce is one of the oldest, dating back to colonial 1773.That same year,
Boston's Chamber of Commerce organized a seminal tax protest: The Boston Tea
Party

24. 4) State chambers
 State chambers of commerce are much different from local and regional chambers
of commerce, as they work on state and sometimes federal issues impacting the
business community. Just as the local chamber is critical to the local business
community, state chambers serve a unique function, serving as a third party voice
on important business legislation that impact the business community and are
critical in shaping legislation in their respective state. State Chambers work with
their Governor, state representatives, state senators, US congressional leaders and
US Senators. In comparison with state trade associations, which serve as a voice
and resource to a particular industry, state chambers are looked to as a respected
voice, representing the entire business community to enhance and advocate for a
better business environment.

25. 5) National and international chambers
 Understanding the National or International need for understanding and
information is the key service that these level of chambers of commerce provide.
These services are in most cases are at no fee or cost to their members, some of
the resources offer personal and/or business services that may have a very low fee
(Memberships to other association like the NRA etc.).

26. 6) Compulsory or public-law chambers
 Under the compulsory or public law model, enterprises of certain sizes, types, or
sectors are obliged to become members of the chamber. This model is common in
European Union countries (e.g. France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Austria), as well as
Japan. Main tasks of the chambers are foreign trade promotion, vocational training,
regional economic development, and general services to their members. The
chambers were given responsibilities of public administration in various fields by
the state which they exercise in order management. The chambers also have a
consultative function; this means the chambers must be consulted whenever a new
law related to industry or commerce is proposed.

27. 7) Compulsory or public-law chambers
 In Germany, the chambers of commerce and industry (IHK - Industrie- und
Handelskammer) and the chambers of skilled crafts (HwK - Handwerkskammer) are
public statutory bodies with self-administration under the inspectorate of the state
ministry of economy. Enterprises are members by law according to the chamber act
(IHK-Gesetz) of 1956. Because of this, such chambers are much bigger than
chambers under private law. IHK Munich, the biggest German chamber of
commerce, has 350,000 member companies. Germany also has compulsory
chambers for "free occupations" such as architects, dentists, engineers, lawyers,
notaries, physicians and pharmacists.

28. 8) Continental/private law chambers
 Under the private model, which exists in English-speaking countries like
USA, Canada or the UK, but as well in Sweden, Finland, Norway and Denmark,
companies are not obligated to become chamber members. However, companies
often become members to develop their business contacts and, regarding the local
chambers (the most common level of organization), to demonstrate a commitment
to the local economy. Though governments are not required to consult chambers
on proposed laws, the chambers are often contacted given their local influence and
membership numbers.

29. 9) Multilateral chambers
 A multilateral chamber is formed of companies (and sometimes individuals) from
different countries with a common business interest towards or in a specific
country. It can further be active in representing the interests of local and foreign
investors in that specific country, achieved through promotion and proactivity
regarding the general business environment. Multilateral chambers of commerce
are independent entities strengthening business relations and interactions between
all economic players, and their members may benefit from a broad range of
activities that enhance the visibility and reputation of their business.

30. Thank You.

31. Referances for pgs1-10
 https://unstats.un.org/
 https://www.ecb.europa.eu/ecb/tasks/html/index.en.html
 http://www.fao.org/about/structure/en/
 https://www.imf.org/external/index.htm
 https://www.itu.int/en/Pages/default.aspx
 http://www.oecd.org
 https://paris21.org
 https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
 https://unctad.org/en/Pages/Home.aspx
 https://www.unescap.org/about
 https://www.uneca.org