3. VIRULENCE
The ability of an agent of
infection to produce disease
The virulence of a
microorganism is a measure of
the severity of the disease it
causes.
4. ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
• Extreme versatility and adaptability
of microorganisms
• Genetic mechanisms :
->Affect cromosomal DNA
-> addition of new material
(transduction, transformation or
conjugation)
• Biochemical mechanisms:
-> changes at the site of action of
antimicrobial
->production of enzymes that modify
the drug
->decreased uptake of antimicrobial
5. OBJETIVO
This study was designed to determine:
• Frequency
• Antibiotic resistance
• Virulence factor and genetic diversity of
enterococci
8. TEST DE SUSCEPTIBILIDAD ANTIBIOTICA
Suceptibilidad evalada para 11 antibioticos:
•Vancomicina, Teicoplanina, Ampicilina, Estreptomicina, Gentamicina
• Trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol, Cloranfenicol, Tetraciclina, Eritromicina
• Ciprofloxacina y Pristinamicina
Método de difusión y de Dilución por el CLSI (clinical laboratory
institute standards)
9. IDENTIFICACIÓN DE GENES RESISTENTES
Identificado por PCR con primers y condiciones
previamente descritos
[erm(A), erm(B), erm(C)], tetracycline [tet(M),
tet(K), tet(L), tet(S), tet(O)], aminoglycosides
[aph(3)-IIIa, aac(6′)-aph(2″), ant(6)-Ia],
pristinamycin [vat(D) and vat(E)], and
chloramphenicol [cat(A)]
10.
11. TIPIFICACIÓN GENETICA DE LAS MUESTRAS
Determinado por PFGE
Relación genética entre las cepas E. fecalisa resistentes a
estreptomicina o gentamicina
ENZIMA DE RESTRICCIÓN: Smal
12. Resultados
• E. fecalis (41%)
• • Distribución
E. faecium (25%)
de las
• E. hirae (10%) especies de
• E. gallinarum (10%) enterococos
• E. casseliflavus (5%) con
• E. mundtii (5%) resistencia
• antibiótica
E. sulfureus (2%)
• E. durans (2%)
13. • En carne de ave: • En carne roja:
-E. faecalis 32 - E. faecalis 17
aislamientos aislamientos
-E. faecium 17 - E. faecium 17
aislamientos aislamientos
- Otras 8 aislamientos -Otras 32 aislamientos
16. • Aislados resistentes a
aminoglucoósidos se
encontraron 15 de las
aves de corral y 3 de
carne. Esto refleja el
uso de antibióticos en
la crianza de aves de
corral.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22. Conclusions
• Entericocci can be used in the food maduration
processes, but also it can be used in to the enteric
contamination, so its necessary to know what are the
Enterococcus strains with beneficial characters.
• The politics in the animal husbrandy should be the
same for all countries to have a better control of the
food industry because this increase everyday and
affects the poblation, in positive and negative aspects.
23. Conclusions
• There are many enterococcus strains that have
antibiotic resistance, so if people consume them, these
strains are going to colonize the gastrointestinal tract,
and transfer the resistance determinants.
• The ability of the agent to cause damage to its host
such as the virulence of the parasite host resistance to
infection represent the net resltado physiological
interactions.
24.
25. ENTEROCOCCUS RESISTENCIA
INTRÍNSECA ADQUIRIDA
VIRULENCIA
GENES EN AMINO-
GELATINASA CROMOSO GLUCÓSIDOS
MAS DE ALTA
CARGA
HEMOLISINA
VANCOMICINA
SUSTANCIAS
DE
AGREGACIÓN Β-
LACTÁMICOS
