The Deepwater Horizon Is An Oil Drilling Rig

The Deepwater Horizon Is An Oil Drilling Rig
The Deepwater Horizon is an oil drilling rig that was built in South Korea by Hyundai Heavy
Industries in 2001. The rig was a massive mobile drill as it was measured to be "396 by 256 feet"
(Report). Additionally, it was considered to be an exploratory rig, not an actual excavator rig. The
rig was commissioned to Transocean which later leased it to British Petroleum, an oil and gas
company. The oil rig was once well known as "it set the world record for the deepest oil and gas
well ... 35,055 feet" (http://www.nola.com/news/gulf–oil–
spill/index.ssf/2010/04/deepwater_horizon_rig_had_hist.html). However, in a more recent event, it
is well known for the worst man–made environmental disaster in United States history. The disaster
would occur 50 miles from Louisiana, at the Macondo well. The well was leased to BP in 2008 and
drilling operation began in 2009. It had a crew of 146 people. The intention of drill the Macondo
well was to create a route between the gas and oil supply that was under the sea floor.
The disaster occurred on April 20, 2010, when the mobile drill unit, Deepwater Horizon was
beginning final preparations to end drilling operations in the Macondo well. The plan was to seal the
well and extract hydrocarbons at a later time and move on to a new drilling site. This, however,
would not be the case as the rig experienced an explosion on board the drill. At around "10:00 p.m.,
the rig unexpectedly began to shake and a loud surging noise was accompanied by natural gas,
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BP Oil Spill Essay
On April 20, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon explosion started what would be the largest marine oil
spill in U.S. waters to date. By the time the well was finally capped, nearly 5 million barrels or
205.8 million gallons of oil spilled into the Gulf of Mexico (Robertson & Krauss, 2010). To put this
into some context of comparison, the New Your Times did a calculation and estimated the oil flow
to be the equivalent of the Exxon Valdez every 8 to 10 days – the spill lasted 83 to 87 days
depending on sources. Now for the human cost – 11 died in this "accident" (Gillis & Fountain,
2010). I find it interesting that there is little in regards to outrage over the loss of human life as
compare to the environmental impact. I am in no way downplaying ... Show more content on
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Waxman's (Chairman) letter to Mr. Hayward before his testimony in front of the Committee on
Energy and Commerce. The first area of concern for the Committee and Chairman was a statement,
five days before the explosion, by one of BP's engineers that described the Macondo well was a
"nightmare well." The Committee was also seeking answers for decisions that were made and what
appeared, in the Committee's opinion, to be in violation of industry standards, for economic gain,
and were against the advice of BP's own personal that an increase in well failure could happen. At
the time of the explosion, the Macondo well was behind schedule and the Committee addressed
decisions that were made that clearly point to cost savings and expediency over safety. In particular,
they addressed five areas: 1) the decision to use a well design with few barriers to gas flow; 2) the
failure to use a sufficient number of centralizers to prevent channeling during the cement process; 3)
the failure to run a cement bond log to evaluate the effectiveness of the cement job; 4) the failure to
circulate potentially gas bearing drilling muds out of the well; and 5) the failure to secure the
wellhead with a lockdown sleeve before allowing pressure on the seal from below (Ingersoll, Locke
& Reavis,

Is Easy Oil Really Gone?
A common theory in the oil industry is that the "easy oil" is gone. As known reserves become
depleted and production declines, both national oil companies & international oil companies (NOCs
and IOCs) are forced to look for oil and gas deposits in more challenging geographical and
environmental areas. Andrew George, the chairman of Marsh, an energy risk management company,
stated that, "It is fair to say easy oil has gone, and oil and gas are now found in tricky areas. The risk
of extraction, or the risk of problem and failure during extraction, is greater" (Mukul, 2012). New
wells being drilled are becoming deeper and hotter, resulting in operating conditions in considerably
higher formation pressures. It means that operators (oil and gas companies) are drilling and
producing in areas that are higher risk, such as deep water (Gaurav, 2004), and environmentally
sensitive areas such as the artic (Chazan, 2012).
A risk to any drilling operation is the unplanned release of hydrocarbons to the surface. This
condition results from formation pressure of the reservoir overcoming the drilling rig's safety and
control devices (which are a combination of the hydrostatic pressure of the drilling fluid, diverter
systems, blowout preventers, etc.). Many factors can contribute to unplanned hydrocarbon escapes
to the surface, but the vast majority of events are brought under control in a safe and efficient
manner using practices established in driller training, specifically designed to

The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
Introduction
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill (also referred to as the BP oil spill) occurred in the Gulf of Mexico
in April of 2010. The spill had detrimental physical, chemical, and biological effects throughout
ecosystems in the Gulf of Mexico. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill being the largest accidental
marine oil spill in the history of the United States, makes it a very important event in US history.
During the event many coastal areas along the Gulf of Mexico were coated with oil, including the
plants, animals, beaches, etc. This directly affected coastal ecosystems in the Gulf, and as a result,
impacted many coastal economies: fishing industries, restaurants/food industries, tourism, and real
estate. Many coastal species were also affected (e.g. dolphins, shorebirds, and phytoplankton).
These issues that are associated with the spill, along with technology and the media, helped to
support the anti–BP movement. Much research is still being done, and many long–term effects of
the oil spill are still uncertain.
This paper will analyze the causation of the oil spill, and the actions BP took to stop the leak.
Controversial chemicals such as Corexit 9500 will be evaluated. Long–term and short–term
environmental impacts of the event will be analyzed. As mentioned above, the Deepwater Horizon
oil spill had social/economic impacts on Gulf States, this will also be evaluated. After the event, or
post–spill, BP established environmental and political remediation efforts. A few

History Of Southern California 's Shoreline And...
Introduction
On the afternoon of January 28, 1969, a terrible environmental disaster occurred when a well
blowout on the Union Oil Company platform A, causing one of the largest oil spill in the United
States. The platform was located in Summerland Oil Field pier which 6 miles east of city of Santa
Barbara. Riggers desperately tried to repair the well before oil started spreading to the shoreline.
Needless to say, the effects of the oil spill sparked outrage from the local community and the media
that inevitably caused ecological effects, safety and ethical concerns. It took oil workers a total of 11
days to cap the ruptured pipe, while an estimated 3 million gallons of poisonous black crude oil
showered the Pacific Ocean. Sadly, oceans ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
33). Oil companies and prospectors quickly started developing oil rigs on private beaches, and in
1896, the world's first offshore drilling rigs was originated in Summerland, California. Summerland
was a tourist town known for the tranquil climate, beautiful beaches, and health resorts. As oil rigs
were being constructed, drilling was often rushed and the marine water suffered ecological harm by
being the dumping grounds for waste and other harmful conditions. The local community and
environmentalist were increasingly becoming outraged when the well– manicure coastlines were
rapidly becoming disfigured by noisy, disruptive, plastering oil rigs. During this time, all offshore
activities were unregulated by the state and the only legal requirement for prospector was that they
negotiate an agreement with the owner of the ocean front property of which drilling rig would be
extended (Wilder, p.31). As technology evolved, offshore drilling moved progressively into deeper
water and farther away from oceanfront. In 1958, Richfield Oil Company developed the first drilling
man–made island in Rincon where there was a substantial amount of oil was found. With the
mounting pressure and high demand to produce more oil and gas, geologists studied the anticlinal
trends and discovered the abundance of oil productive in Rincon Island extended underneath the
Santa Barbara Channel. By the 1960's, oil prospectors began to partner with one another developing
into large oil

The Bp Deepwater Horizon Disaster
Compliance and Regulation To maintain expected business practices, governments enact regulations
through legislation as a means of ensuring that businesses operate within expected guidelines. Some
regulations are proactive, such as Bill 198 (Better known as CSOX, the Canadian version of the
Sarbanes and Oxley Act) which places additional expectations on the reporting and auditing of
company financials (PriceWaterhouseCoopers, 2004). Other regulations are reactive; such as bill
C45 that passed after the Westray mine disaster took the lives of 26 workers. This regulation looks
to hold company executives personally liable for ignoring safety protocols and conducting behavior
with criminal intent in the workplace (Canadian Center for Occupational Health and Safety, 2014).
Regardless of their founding, regulations can impose stiff penalties upon companies that choose not
to place focus on implementing the necessary controls in place to ensure compliance to them.
The BP Deepwater Horizon Disaster On April 20, 2010, the British Petroleum (BP) leased
Deepwater Horizon drilling rig took an unexpected kick of gas pressure from an oil well in the Gulf
of Mexico. The release ignited, and through the failure of the blowout preventers progressed into a
firestorm. The fire consumed the drilling rig platform, sinking it, causing 11 casualties, and the
subsequent release of 4.9 million barrels of oil into in the gulf before the release contained (British
Petroleum). The incident is

Petroleum Management Services For Drill Exploratory Wells...
On March 2008, BP submitted a request to The Mineral Management Service requesting to drill
exploratory wells in the Mississippi Canyon Block 252 located in the Gulf of Mexico. By the
following March, BP set forth plans to begin drilling the Macondo well, and was approved by the
MMS on April 6, 2009. BP then leased a semisubmersible rig, named the Marianas, from
Transocean and began drilling the well in earlier October of 2009. However, on November 9, 2009
the Marianas rig was damaged by Hurricane Ida and unfortunately had to be removed for repairs.
Therefore, Marianas was replaced with the Deepwater Horizon rig in February 2010, to continue
drilling exploratory wells. With the completion of the exploratory well, the Deepwater Horizon ...
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BP's officials inform the Schlumberger team that the cementing process went flawlessly. In the Deep
Water report, "BP Wells Team Leader John Guide noted, "Everyone involved with the job on the rig
site was completely satisfied with the job"" (National Commission, 4). With BP's representatives
heads held high on their supposed success of pouring the cement, they decide that they could omit
the Schlumberger cement evaluation. In an effort to save time and money BP decided to fly the
Schlumberger team back home via a helicopter later that same day. The rest of the afternoon would
then be dedicated to positively and negatively–pressure testing the well for leaks. The Transocean
crew began to perform the negative–pressure tests around 5 p.m., to test for leaks throughout the
pipes. The negative–pressure test was performed to simulate the conductions the well would be
faced with after the departure of the Deepwater Horizon. The crew begins by releasing the pressure
in the well, and then they observe well to determine if the pressure changes inside the pipes
indicating there are leaks. Unfortunately, the pressure in the well built back up, meaning there was a
leak somewhere. BP then chose to ignore this first sign of terror, one witness, reported he had seen
this sort of thing happened before and he called it a "bladder effect" (National Commission, 6). BP
deemed the

The Pros And Cons Of Deepwater Drilling
During World War II, the Gulf of Mexico was the main area for offshore drilling (Crandall, Parnell,
& Spillan, 2013). Since most of these were wells were shallow waters, mostly 200 feet or less, were
drained of all oil, many organizations moved to deeper waters. However, there are problems that
come along with deep water drilling, such as not knowing how to operate and drill at that specific
depth. The United States government says that a deep water well is anything 500 feet or more
(Crandall et al, 2014). Because of their deep length, robots are sent to fix any maintenance problem
that may occur. In 2010, there were more than 600 deep water wells in the Gulf of Mexico (Crandall
et al, 2014).
The Deepwater Horizon was a semi–submersible that was used to dig the well on the Macondo
slope of the Gulf of Mexico (Crandall et al, 2014). It was built in Korea and arrived for use in the
Gulf of Mexico in 2001 (Crandall et al, 2014). After the well was dug and capped, the rig moved to
a different site to dig again. Soon after Deepwater Horizon was finished, a different rig would arrive
to drain the oil. The Macondo oil well in the Gulf of Mexico was 18,360 feet below sea level.
British Petroleum (BP) and other organizations leases these rigs through Transocean, rather than
owning or operating them (Crandall et al, 2014). For Deepwater Horizon, they leased the rig to
Transocean for $533,000 a day (Crandall et al, 2014). Unfortunately, drilling the Macondo brought
problems that

Gulf Ecosystem Services And How They Serve Us
Cara Greenberg IDS 3214 5472007 Mini Project 2 Gulf Ecosystem Services and How They Serve
Us Coastal ecosystems are among the most productive on the planet, providing all of 70 percent of
total global ecosystem services and housing 10 percent of the Earth's total population (13 percent of
its urban population) despite accounting for only 2 percent of the Earth's land surface (Costanza
2011). Natural ecosystems offer a myriad of economic goods and services fundamental to human
life including water, land, food, oxygen, climate stability, recreation, storm and flood protection, raw
materials (such as wood, clay, or natural gas), minerals, and energy (Batker 2010). It is an out and
out, undeniable truth that "no economy can function without nature's provision of economic goods
and services" (Batker 2010), for all products we as people build and use–food, cars, housing, etc.–
find their origins in our natural capital. Food–wise, for food has long since been a high–pressure
driver of settlement on the coast, coastal ecosystems offer a plethora of high–protein organisms such
as fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and various other marketable species. Estuaries, which wholesomely
act as nursery areas for many aquatic organisms, present a vital link between coastal, marine, and
freshwater ecosystems and their allocated services. In both the tropical and sub–tropical regions,
mangroves are an ideal example of this, as they provide a nursery for reef organisms, which
resultantly

The British Petroleum Oil Spill Essay
ntroduction There's an estimated three and a half thousand oil platforms that spread throughout the
central planning area in the Gulf of Mexico with the majority of them no further than 50 miles away
from the shores of Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama. Across the shorelines is home to the
wetlands, a paradise ecosystem for many species that live there. Much of it is inaccessible and
untouched from human activity. In 2010 an event that caught the attention of almost everyone
occurred. An explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oilrig that caused a huge oil leak producing
devastating effects caused by a simple mistake that should not of happened in the first place.
Because of this, several consequence's had occurred from it and many research ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
GDP per capita is an approximation of the value of goods produced per person which can also be
known as the average income per person which is $50,700 (2012 est.) placing the US 14th in the
world in GDP per capita. The United States government has a constitutional republic where a
legitimately elected head of state and other officials are representatives for the people and they must
govern according to existing constitutional law that limits the power of the government's from the
citizens Magnitude of Problem For 87 days oil spilled out of the failed BP Deepwater Horizon
blowout preventer at an estimated 5,000 barrels per day. The enormous magnitude of this problem is
almost impossible to measure due to the limited amount data available collect as only a significant
amount that was released into the sea actually surfaced. As the majority of the oil has either spread
throughout the Gulf of Mexico beneath the surface via currents or settled down at the bottom of the
sea bed 5,000 feet below surface. The well is 5,000 meters below depth so and only a fraction of the
oil that rose to the surface and what got washed ashore. At the time these calculations were made
(July 14, 2010) approximately 50% of the oil

Gulf Of Mexico Oil Spill Case Study
The Bp spill in the Gulf of Mexico is considered to be one of the biggest oil spill disasters. The Bp
oil spill affect many people and the environment. The oil spill was an oil disaster and globally
financial disaster, and it had a negative impact on the sea and the oceans around it. the oil spread
everywhere, and it affected every living animals that came in contact with it. However, many tries
were made to try to stop the leak, but all failed until the leak was declared officially closed by the us
government. According to the "BP and the Deepwater Horizon Disaster of 2010" states that "the
Deepwater Horizon, 17 were injured, including Williams, and 11 were killed. The rig burned for 36
hours, combusting the 700,000 gallons of oil that were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, Bp has demonstrated a disturbing measure of corrupt behavior, including government
wrongdoings. Legitimate issues began the first time in 1998, when a temporary worker was gotten
wrongfully dumping several gallons of dangerous waste into lustgraten well. An investigation of
state records shows that the company is the most exceedingly awful in the business as far as oil
slicks and put people in harm. It was also revealed that many of the rig workers had made reported
about issues on the oil rig and were ignored by Bp and that shows how the company was reported
by the issues by whistle blowers and they were ignored by the company. I believe that in any team
project the company should have the obligation to stop any further issues and provide the safety of
the workers if there was reported an issue. It was known that the Blowout Preventer was one of the
main reasons that the spill was as big as it was. According to a company Transocean which tested
the Blowout preventer many times, but it was suggested that it was defective but Bp ignored the
failure of the Blowout prevented. I think it was the company's fault the part was not fixed and taken
proper response to it but it wasn't and that what caused the uncontrollable spill and for the engineers
it was there obligation to take a stand against the company because it's their ethical obligation to
their coworker

BP Oil Spills
Oil Spills
BP is one of the largest company producers in both oil and natural gas in the United States,
venturing on exploration and discovery, Deepwater drilling and gas supply chains. On April 20,
2010, 11 men lost their lives after an explosion in the semi–submersible drilling on the Deepwater
Horizon oil rig working on the Macondo exploration well for BP in the Gulf of Mexico. The well
blowout and subsequent oil spill pumped 3.2 million barrels in the Gulf of Mexico the biggest
marine disaster in US history. The fire burned for 36 hours before the rig sank, and the hydrocarbons
leaked into the Gulf of Mexico before the well was closed and sealed. After the explosion and
sinking of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig, a sea–floor oil gusher flowed for 87 days, until it was
capped on July 15th 2010. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The cause was said to be due to a well integrity failure, and a loss of hydrostatic control of the well.
Failure to control the flow from the well with the blowout preventer, balance of plant equipment,
which allowed the release and subsequent ignition of hydrocarbons, the balance of plant emergency
functions failed to seal the well after the initial explosion. A report led by BP stated the well
integrity had not been established, but a particular cement slurry used at the bottom of the Macondo
well failed to contain hydrocarbons within the reservoir, as they were designed to have which
allowed the gas and liquids to flow up the production casing. The rig crew failed to recognize the
influx of hydrocarbons into the well, causing the gas to be vented directly on to the rig rather than
being diverted overboard. The flow of gas into the engine

British Petroleum As A Company
Intro and Background
British Petroleum as a company was founded in 1954, however its roots go back another half
century. British geologists discovered oil underneath Iran in 1908 and by 1909 the Anglo–Persian
Oil Company (APOC) began drilling for the British government. APOC benefited from World War I
as it was predicted all British naval ships will soon be converted from coal to oil and the company
could spread further into Europe. Refineries were built in Whales, Scotland and were bought in
France and Australia. In 1935, APOC was officially changed to Anglo–Iranian Oil Company
(AIOC) due to Persia being referred to as Iran.
World War II gave rise to nationalism inside the Arab countries including Iran. The Iranian
government in 1951 obtained control of the Iranian oil industry forming the National Iranian Oil
Company and consequently pushing out the AIOC. The American and British governments worked
to over throw the Iranian government in 1953 to regain control of oil in Iran. AIOC became the
British Petroleum Company (BP) in 1954 after a holding company Iranian Oil Participants (IOP)
brought Iranian oil back to the western market. BP expanded into Canada, Libya and the United
States by buying out existing companies and was the first oil company to strike oil in the North Sea.
Known for its risky business ventures, BP quickly became the world 's third largest oil company by
acquiring other oil companies such as the Standard Oil of Ohio and Amoco. The company 's rapid

A Brief Note On Hazardous Chemical Research Paper
Ben Warner pd. 6
Hazardous Chemical research paper Our society runs on oil. It powers our cars, planes and trains,
it's used to build our workplaces and homes, even forming the plastics of our children's toys, cell
phones, and even the very laptop that this essay was typed on. But, oil is not an unlimited resource.
As our society's needs for oil keep growing and growing, the need for more of this oil to be
extracted from the earth also increases, leading to new and complex ways of extracting oil.
Fracking, tar sand extraction, and offshore oil rigs are all technologies developed solely to fuel our
society's ever–growing demand for petroleum products. However, sometimes the pressure of
demand is so strong on the developers of these methods ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill, often simply called the BP spill, released an estimated 168 million
gallons of crude oil and natural gas into the Gulf of Mexico (EPA), which caused near–irreparable
harm to the ecosystems and organisms around it. In addition, the entire incident could have been
prevented had basic safety measures been taken during the rig's construction. Science was applied to
the creation of the rig and the extraction of the oil from the seafloor in many ways, including many
alleged safety measures to prevent an ecological disaster such as the one that occurred. First, some
background on oil rigs. An oil rig is a buoyant platform connected to the ocean floor by many
anchors, and a drill pipe, a long shaft within a shaft that rotates, drilling down through the bedrock
layer to extract crude oil and natural gases (Popular Mechanics). An additional mechanism to the rig
is the blow out preventer, or BOP, (pictured above) directly above the ocean floor. This machinery is
used to prevent any uncontrolled surges of oil from reaching the surface and becoming a potential
hazard (Chemical Safety Board). The blow out preventer is made of 3 parts: annular preventers, pipe
rams, and blind shear rams. Pipe rams are large rubber rings that can close around the drill shaft to
prevent the flow of oil in the outer pipe, called the annular space (shown above), which carries
water and a mixture called drill mud down towards the drilling site

The Causes And Impacts Of British Petroleum
On April 20, 2010, British Petroleum's (BP) offshore drilling rig, the Deepwater Horizon, exploded
and caused the largest accidental marine oil spill in history, discharging five million barrels of oil
into the ocean over a period of three months. During this accident, eleven men working on the oil
rig perished and seventeen others were injured severely. This crisis caused major destruction to
marine wildlife caused economic harm on fishing and tourism industries and was a public relations
nightmare for British Petroleum (Crandall, Parnell & Spillan, 2013). This event was horrendous; I
remember the devastation that was left in the wake of this tragedy.
Beginning in the 1980's, offshore oil production showed to be a solution for the United States'
energy issues and national security. In the beginning, the wells were in shallow water, but once these
wells were dry, drilling in the deeper water began. Although there were drawbacks, such as the
difficulty to drill and operate a well at such tremendous depths and because of these depths robots
would have to troubleshoot maintenance problems instead of humans. Additionally, in deep waters,
special drilling rigs are needed. There are two types of drilling rigs, the drillship, and the semi–
submersible. The Deepwater Horizon was a semi–submersible rig that was used to excavate the well
on the Macondo slope in the Gulf of Mexico. Once the excavation was done, another rig would
arrive to extract the oil. Companies like British

Bp And The Gulf Of Mexico Oil Spill Case Study
BP and the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Case Study Tamatha French Management 6000 Hawaii Pacific
University Introduction and Background On April 20, 2010, the petroleum industry suffered the
largest maritime disaster oil spill in its history known as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The
Deepwater Horizon oil rig that had been working on a well for BP in the Gulf exploded and went up
in flames. Subsequently, massive amounts of oil spilled out into the water, threatening the marine
life and those living on the shore. The fire burned for 36 hours before the rig sank into the ocean,
leaking dangerous chemicals into the water. Hydrocarbons and oil continued to leak into the Gulf of
Mexico for 87 days before they managed to seal the well. "The Gulf spill, which left 11 workers
dead and 17 injured, is about the size of Rhode Island, running across the northern Gulf of Mexico
between the mouth of the Mississippi River and Florida. It runs wide, threatening the coastlines, and
deep, traveling beneath about 5,000 feet of water and 13,000 feet under the seabed," (Emami, 2010).
BP faced an angry uproar from the media, consumers, and environmentalists all over the world. The
economy and the environment suffered greatly because of this incident. As investigations began,
speculations quickly arose about the morals and capability of the company. The one positive image
of BP had been shattered. Customers lost faith in the company and criticized the actions of its
executives. Tony

The Deepwater Horizon Oil Drilling Rig
The Deepwater Horizon oil drilling rig caught fire on April 20, 2010, exploring and sinking after
some days. The explosion was as a result of the equipment failure, perhaps the blowout protector,
and the emerging explosion and fire killed 11 people, injuring others. The aftermath of the explosion
became the largest issue in the US, estimated to surpass 1989 Exxon Valdez spill. The
environmental contamination was huge, greatly impacting marine life in the Gulf of Mexico and
surrounding beaches of Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi. Contemporary issues The nature of
the laws in offshore drilling and oil spills intersect with the justice system in its application. The
Department of Interior's Mineral Management Service as well as the Bureau of Ocean Energy
Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE) along with other agencies such as the Coast
Guard, all have regulatory systems for drilling. However, according to the National Commissions
report, the implementation of the regulations, coupled with inadequate industry safety culture,
enhances the chances of blow outs, and by extension environmental justice impacts. BOEMRE was
responsible for leasing the oil exploration tract to BP. The US Coast Guard is responsible for
determination of the fitness of the rig and leakage control mechanisms. Environmental Protection
Agency have multiple functions including the coordination or local and national response teams.
The Federal Emergency Management Administration controls the

Taking a Look at th Drilling Process
Rotating system There are two type of rotating system in drilling process, rotary table and top drive
system. Rotary table make the rotation of drill string through torque applied by the rotary table and
by the hexagonal Kelly on the drill floor. It is the old type of rotating system, need more workers on
the field because it rotates manually. Top drive system rotate the drill string by using hydraulic or
electrical motor that is hang on the mast of the drilling rig (Cherutich, 2009).
Rotary table component:
Swivel and Swivel Bail – Hang below travelling block to support the drill stem system
The Kelly – Special section of pipe that is attached to the bottom of the swivel by threading
Kelly bushing – device that is fit The Kelly
Master bushing – device that fit the Kelly bushing which is mounted on the rotary table
Rotary table – located on the floor of the rig and it is capable of producing a strong rotating force
that is called "torque" Figure 3: Rotary Table (Source: Mr Aslam's Rig Component slide page 37)
Top drive system
hang below travelling block and has its own heavy duty motor
It is comprised of one or more electric or hydraulic motors
connected to the drill string by a short section of pipe called the "Quill"
The top drive is able to move up and down the derrick
does not use the Kelly
Figure 4: Top Drive System
(Source: http://slc–jh.ru/en/production/the–top–drive–system–slc–jh/192.html)

Essay On Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
The topic I want to use for case study is "Deepwater Horizon oil spill" in 2010, which is also called
"Gulf of Mexico oil spill of 2010". It is the largest marine oil spill in the history, it caused
approximately 41 miles (66 kilometers) leakage off the coast of Louisiana, and its subsequent
sinking on April 22. The Deepwater Horizon rig is owned and operated by offshore–oil–drilling
company Transocean and leased by oil company BP. After leakage accident, BP company has
agreed to pay $175 m to settle claims that it deceived shareholders by underplaying the severity of
the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill. About 4.9m barrels of crude oild leaked into the Gulf after the
Deepwater Horizon rig exploded, 11 people lost their lives, 17 people get injured.Because it is the
worst oil spill ever and even had casualities, it is really ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pore pressure need to be fully controlled throughout the drilling and well completion operations to
minimize the occurrence of well kicks. Regardless to this, Macondo was a particularly challenging
well. These actions must be initiated before a kick developed into a blowout. Once the oil left the
ell, it spread throughout the water. Some diffused into the ocean's surface formed oil slicks, which is
able to spread quicker and can be pushed by winds and provide even more threats to marine
animals.
The consequences are horrific, more than a third of federal waters in the gulf were closed to fishing
at the peak of the spill, because of the contamination, fish could be toxic and dead. An article from
the BP website noted that on the evening of April 20, 2010, the gas release and subsequent
explosion occurred on the Deepwater Horizon rig working on the Macondo exploration well in Gulf
of Mexico. The fire burned for 36 hours before the rig sank and the hydrocarbons leaked into the
Gulf of Mexico before the well was close and

Analysis Of Matthew Maury 's First Steps
From Matthew Maury's first steps in the young field of oceanography, to the HMS Challenger's first
expedition, and now to modern day, the ocean has always been a place for exploration and
discovery. Two issues that are at the forefront of modern oceanic discussions are offshore drilling
and ocean acidification. Ocean acidification offsets the chemical balance in the ocean and disturbs
the marine life in the ocean, and offshore drilling causes serious damage to the surrounding
ecosystem and affects the chemical makeup of the ocean through oil spills.
An increased amount of acidification has disrupted the chemical balance in the ocean waters in the
recent hundreds of years due to the high amount of burning fossil fuels. The Industrial Revolution
was a pivotal moment for the chemical equilibrium in the ocean. During this time, scientists realized
the prominent effects that the pollution of fossil fuels had on the atmosphere and, respectively, the
oceans. Exhaustible fossil fuels such as natural gas, oil, and coal are being used by the human
population, and it is releasing large amounts of Carbon Dioxide into the air (National Ocean
Service). This in turn creates an atmosphere that is immensely concentrated in CO2; therefore, the
ocean absorbs more of the CO2 in the air. According to Marah Hardt and Carl Safina from Yale
Climate Connections, high concentrates of carbon dioxide in the ocean creates a PH balance that is
very low causing the ocean to become very acidic. When carbon

Oil Spills And Its Impact On The Environment
Oil Spills, their impact on the environment, and the great loss of human and marine life are a severe
problem for the oil industry, one which needs to be prevented in the future. Oil production and
transportation at sea has grown to inconceivable levels. Increasingly, as a society, we are having
larger and more numerous oil spills which in turn cause an increase in danger for marine life and
human life, even though laws and regulations regarding the extraction and transfer of oil are
becoming increasingly complex and thorough. Oil has is the lifeblood of our economy and has a
long history as a source of heat and light, and more recently it is the main source of fuel that is used
in transportation, and thus it maintains its presence as the lifeblood of our economy. The sheer
quantity of oil now being transported by sea has increased in volume by huge factors, and the size of
the rigs tankers used to extract and transport the oil has seen steady increases, which gives the
possibility of larger environmental disasters due to spillage by accident or due to operations. Due to
increasing population and booming economies, and despite the increasing demand of green energy,
the world still sees a need for increasing demand in oil supplies. Only very recently has it begun to
slow down in some parts of the world that have traditionally been major consumers of oil. The US
National Research Council (2003) has released some stats on how much oil consumption has
increased since 1970:

Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico Essay
There are a few things that are needed in order for man to survive, food, water, shelter, and an
energy source. In the beginning fire was that energy source used to keep humans warm and to cook
their food. These days energy is in other forms such as nuclear, wind, solar, and of course,
petroleum (oil) and are all needed for survival. Oil was, at one time, plentiful and considered more
of a nuisance for those who were drilling wells for water in the US because it would seep into the
wells. Early uses for the oil were for machinery lubrication and burning in lamps. It wasn't until the
invention of the internal combustion engine, which made life and manufacturing so much simpler,
that oil became of more interest. In the late 1800s John D. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Because it is considered such a precious commodity oil has been at the center of many disputes both
foreign and domestic. In the 1970s there were two incidents that came in the form of an oil embargo
and an energy crisis that caused the price of oil to skyrocket. Then in the 1980s there was a slow in
the economy, an excess in oil, and income for OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries) fell. Saudi Arabia, producers of approximately 40 percent of all the petroleum of OPEC,
purposely drove the price of oil down by deliberately pumping approximately 10 million barrels a
day which was close to 2 million over their self–imposed limit of 8 and a half million barrels a day.
The Saudis preferred a continual and deliberate climb in crude oil prices instead of price gouging
like Libya, Iran and Iraq (Beckwith, Byron, & White). Operation Desert Storm and the Gulf War in
the 1990s caused the price of oil to slide even more. And America continued to use more oil thereby
becoming increasingly reliant on the importing of foreign oil. This reliance on oil from other
countries has become the center for many political debates. After 911 it was even more evident that
"terrorist" nations could potentially hold America hostage by cutting oil supplies. Republicans argue
that such countries are dangerous and should not be allowed to dictate oil consumption and prices to
Americans.

Essay On Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
DEEP WATER HORIZON OIL SPILL
Ray Madigan
2017SP_HSS–105–W01
Dr. McAbee
March 27, 2017 Deep Water Horizon Oil Spill
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill disaster that took place in the Gulf of Mexico in April 2010 is the
largest oil spill to have ever occurred in USA waters. As efforts to hold the current spill continues,
the higher chances of clean up damage compensation technique, and also enhancing prevention of
future oil spill responses and recovery. The rig was owned and under the operation of Transocean, a
Switzerland–based offshore drilling firm, and leased to BP plc, one of the biggest oil firms in the
world. The explosion and fire that led to eleven fatalities and several injuries took place despite
specialized oil spill prevention equipment also known as a blowout preventer, which is designed to
avert such a kind of disaster. The quantity ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The negatives are usually high for each involved and may consist of depression, anxiety and also to
a larger extent post–traumatic stress disorder and their association with social problems which
involves domestic violence and drug abuse alongside their contribution to maladies such as heart
disorder, thyroid dysfunction among others. Bibliography
Colwell, R. R. 2014. "Understanding The Effects Of The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill". Bioscience
64 (9): 755–755. doi:10.1093/biosci/biu145.
Ferrell, O. C, John Fraedrich, and Linda Ferrell. 2012. Business Ethics. 1st ed.
King, Rawle O. 2013. Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Disaster. 1st ed. [Place of publication not
identified]: Bibliogov.
MEJRI, Mohamed, and Daniel DE WOLF. 2013. "Crisis Management: Lessons Learnt From The
BP Deepwater Horizon Spill Oil". Business Management And Strategy 4 (2): 67.
doi:10.5296/bms.v4i2.4950.
Mullins, Justin. 2010. "The Eight Failures That Caused The Gulf Oil Spill". New

Renewable Sources Of Energy Sources
Energy Sources
Introduction
Energy sources have been identified as being vital in running virtually all domestic and industrial
operations. There are two types of energy sources; renewable energy sources and nonrenewable
energy sources. Renewable energy sources refer to the kinds that are naturally replenished. These
include sunlight, the wind, ocean tides, waves, geothermal heat and rain (Tiwari et al., 2012).
Nonrenewable energy sources, on the other hand, are the kinds that do not renew themselves at a
rate sufficient enough to meet human demand. Fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas,
minerals, metal ores and groundwater all comprise nonrenewable energy sources (Verma et al.,
2015). In recommending the category of choice having weighed the benefits and demerits of each,
science has played an important role. According to scientific research, nonrenewable sources of
energy are not recommended due to the massive demerits that come with their use.
The renewable sources of energy listed above have some advantages. They are naturally occurring
and thus do not require much effort to harness. Besides, they are natural components of the
environment whose use does not contribute to environmental pollution (Tiwari et al., 2012). The
fact that they are never depleted also guarantees users who have installed the necessary harnessing
machinery, of a continuous supply of energy. Despite these advantages, however, there also exist
some demerits. Much as these sources are

Bp Oil Spill Case Study
The BP oil spill off the Gulf of Mexico is the largest oil spill in human history. The incident resulted
after methane gas was released and exploded in the BP–owned Macondo well on April 20, 2010.
The fire continued for 36 hours and the oil drilling rig, named Deepwater Horizon, sank two days
later on April 222, 2010. This incident led to the loss of 11 lives, the injury of multiple others and a
spill of approximately 4.4 million barrels of oil. The oil spill is said to have affected as many as
68,000 square miles. Not only were lives lost, but the livelihood of thousands of fishermen were
impacted, countless marine animals and organisms were destroyed, and marshes and beaches in
Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida were fouled. After extensive efforts, the well was
capped on July 15, 2010, 87 days after the explosion and sealed on September 19, 2010. Overall,
this spill has damaged the environment extensively (and according to some estimates, is still doing
so) and affected the economy of the region, not to mention the future of BP.
The Oil Pollution Act (OPA) of 1990 was signed into law in August 1990, largely in response to
rising public concern following the Exxon Valdez oil spill in March of 1989. The OPA was enacted
to improve the nation's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This began with efforts to close the blowout preventer with a remotely operated vehicle. Successive
efforts involved capturing oil spewing from the riser by lowering a "top hat" over it. Next, engineers
attempted to "kill" the well by injecting heavy mud into the blowout preventer. All of these efforts
failed. Finally, engineers were successful by bolting a sealing cap on top of the blowout preventer.
This provided a temporary fix until engineers could pump heavy kill mud and cement into the well
to reduce pressure at the well head and permanently seal off the flow

Bp Oil Spill Research Paper
Oil Spills
BP is one of the largest company producer in both oil and natural gas in the United States, venturing
on exploration and discovery, Deepwater drilling and gas supply chains. On April 20th 2010, 11
men lost their lives after an explosion on the semi–submersible drilling on the Deepwater Horizon
oil rig working on the Macondo exploration well for BP in the Gulf of Mexico. The well blowout
and subsequent oil spill pumped 3.2 million barrels into the Gulf of Mexico the biggest marine
disaster in US history. The fire burned for 36 hours before the rig sank, and the hydrocarbons leaked
into the Gulf of Mexico before the well was closed and sealed. After the explosion and sinking of
the Deepwater Horizon oil rig, a sea–floor oil

Failure Regarding Corporate Social Responsibility Essay
Among the most monumental examples of failure regarding corporate social responsibility, that is to
"maximize profits within the law" (Dejardins, 2014, p.53), is the Deepwater Horizon blowout
catastrophe, occurring April 20, 2010. Historically noted as the single greatest environmental failure
in the United States, the blowout of the Macondo well claimed 11 lives, injured dozens more, leaked
4.9 million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico, disrupted ecosystems and communities globally,
and economic loss as a result of a phenomenon know as "effective compression" which occurs when
there are "extreme pressure differences inside and outside the drill pipes, causing them to buckle",
Enerknol Research (2015). Influenced by the article Deepwater Horizon 's Final Hours,
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/26/us/26spill.html?pagewanted=all, questions to explore
regarding this event are: What was the path to this tragedy? What are the causes and consequences
of this disaster? What are the lessons learned? Who is ethically responsible? These questions and
more will be examined through first hand accounts of the men and women working on Deepwater
Horizon, statements given by Transocean, BP Oil, research firms findings as well research and facts
from government and environmental organizations. A number of parties were involved to some
degree on the Macondo well blowout, however, I surmise, that as the lead and greatest benefactor
that responsibility for the great magnitude of this

Why The British Petroleum Was Responsible For The Accident
No doubt that the Deepwater Horizon oil spill was one of the worst and the largest oil in the history
of the world. In the following essay we will discuss about the various aspects related to the accident
and find out whether if the British Petroleum was responsible for the accident.
BP or British Petroleum is the largest corporation in the United Kingdom and is an international
company that operates in oil, gas and chemical industry. The company is headquartered at London.
It owns various refineries as well as chemical plants across the globe. The company produces
around 32000,000 barrels of oil daily and operates more than 25K oil service stations across the
world with total employee strength up to 85,000. (bp.com, 2015)
In Gulf of Mexico, BP had been operating the offshore drilling rig called Deepwater Horizon which
it had leased from the Transocean. During the mid of April 2010, there was explode on it as a result
of which it had collapsed. This had caused the rupture in the riser of the deep oil well where it has
been operating. It was followed by the largest ever oil spill in which around five million barrels of
oils was released in the marine environment of gulf of around seventy thousand sq. miles. The
accident had also claimed eleven on board causalities and seventeen critical injuries. More than 2
million gallons of chemical was used to clear up the spill. This spill had resulted in heavy losses for
the company both financially and in terms of respect. The

The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
The Context
Before the occurrence of the Deepwater Horizon event, BP had already been labelled as having a
horrible safety record. A 2009 report by the United States Department of Labour Occupational
Safety and Health Administration (Todd & Petterson , 2009), indicated that BP had 270 existing
fines of a 'failure to abate' and 439 'wilful violations' of various safety protocols.
At the time of the disaster the regulators of the oil industry in the United States was the Material
Management Service. This department was known for their 'misconduct, unethical conduct, and
unlawful activities' (Hogue, 2010).
This Case Study aims to look at the Deepwater Horizon oil spill from the view of how BP and the
US government ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Catastrophe
In February 2010, the Deepwater Horizon began the task of drilling a well in Macondo Prospect of
the Gulf of Mexico (Group, 2011). Once this was completed, the task of cementing the hole in order
seal the well bore from the reservoir sand (BP, 2010). At 8:00 PM on April 20, 2010, while
preparing to temporary abandon the well, the BP Accident Investigation report (BP, 2010) states that
there was a negative pressure inside the well causing it to flow. While this occurs, BP (BP, 2010)
states, the lighter seawater that replaced the mud inside the column should have decreased the
pressure. By 9:40 PM, mud had overflowed onto the floor of the Deepwater Horizon and then
through the Derrick (BP, 2010). Following this, the blowout preventer was activated to stop the
flow, however this had not worked. Gas had then leaked out, which resulted in an explosion, causing
significant damage to the oil platform. BP (BP, 2010) also believed that the damaged Blowout
preventer continued to fuel the fire with gas after the initial explosion.
As a result of this, the explosion had resulted in the deaths of eleven personnel and the dispersal of
nearly five million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico (Pallardy, 2014).
There was also an immediate response by the United States congress in the legislation governing oil
and gas operations. According to a Congressional Research Service report (Hagerty & Jonathan ,
2014), the 111th Congress had held over '60 hearings'

The Spill Of The Bp Oil Spill
The BP oil spill was one of the worst oil spills to ever happen in the US. There are many factors that
caused this horrible spill to happen; to be exact there were eight failures of the oilrig that caused this
disaster. The first failure was the cement at the bottom of the borehole was not sealed properly. This
caused the oil and gas to start leaking into the pipe leading to the surface of the rig. The second
failure was that the valve leading to the surface was sealed improperly with cement. In addition,
there were two mechanical valves, which failed to stop the leak of gas and oil. The crew was also to
blame because they did pressure tests, which they did not read properly. This made the crew believe
the oil well was under control when it was not. The crew also did not spot the leak before the
explosion; there was an increase in pressure inside the well fifty minutes before the explosion but
the crew did not interpret it as a leak. Next, about eight minutes before the rig exploded, mud and
gas began to come out onto the floor of the rig. The crew tried to stop this by activating the blowout
preventer, which is at the top of the well, however this caused the blowout preventer to malfunction.
The rig had side vents that were suppose to release this mud and gas, but instead it was diverted to a
device that separates only small amounts of mud and gas. This device quickly became overwhelmed
and flammable gas was sent all over the rig. The alarm on the rig should have sounded

Deepwater Horizon Oil Disaster: Argumentative Essay
Deepwater Horizon Oil Disaster– (Argumentative Essay) Were you aware that when the Deepwater
Horizon disaster happened it took 36 hours for it to fully submerge, and when the fish died because
of all the oil fishermen could not make a living and support their family because they could not do
their job and earn money? During the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on April 20, 2010, there were two
major players at blame, BP, and TransOcean. The Disaster occurred because TransOcean, the
drilling company did not take care of the B.O.P. (Blow Out Preventer) and because they had a
broken E.D.S. Panel (Emergency Disconnect System). So what happened was that TransOcean had
nothing under control and because of that there was chaos and many lives had been ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The article "Blame For DeepWater Horizon" makes a very good point that BP should be the one to
blame, BP reportedly opted for the quickest, rather than the safer and more secure approaches
(Meigs). It might be true that BP had opted for the cheaper process however the reason the
explosion occurred was because a very important structure called the B.O.P. (Blow Out Preventer)
was not properly maintained (Meigs). People say that BP should be the ones to blame but the
evidence above shows that because the B.O.P. (Blow Out Preventer) was not working because it was
not properly maintained and because the MMS was not doing the required monthly check ups. The
fact that BP took the cheaper process shouldn't affect how the rig should work, plus that is the job
for TransOcean they should know how to run their rig not BP, they are the ones who know how to
use an oil. After looking at this section of the essay anyone would say that TransOcean is true the
one to blame because they could not maintain the well–being of the B.O.P. (Blow Out Preventer)
and because of that, the great explosion of the rig took the lives of many people and many animals
that were

Effects Of The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill, also known as the British Petroleum (BP) oil spill happened on
August 10, 2010. Today,this is known as the biggest oil spill of all time and has affected thousands
due to unreasonable mistakes made by British Petroleum rig workers. The Deepwater Horizon rig,
owned and operated by offshore–oil–drilling company, Transocean, and leased by oil company
British Petroleum, was situated in the Macondo oil prospect in the Mississippi Canyon, a valley in
the continental shelf. On this day, a surge of natural gas blasted through a concrete core, recently
installed by a contractor, Halliburton. The core of the rig was too weak to withstand the pressure
because they were composed of a concrete mixture that used nitrogen ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The British Petroleum oil spill damaged the shorelines of four Gulf states. Worse yet, it took three
months to build the relief well to stop the flow. It immediately threatened more than sixty five
thousand acres in four National Wildlife Refuges, home to endangered species. Approximately forty
percent of the coastal wetlands of the lower forty eight states is located in Louisiana, and it's worth
ninety six billion. British Petroleum spent six billion to hire four thousand people to clean up the
spill that year. This contributed more than the seven hundred million lost in fishing and tourism
revenues and the three thousand jobs lost to the six–month deep–water drilling moratorium

How Did Bp's Failure To Prevent It?
A presidential oil–spill commission attributed the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil rig explosion to
technological arrogance, hubris, and the overconfidence bias (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2013). Based on
countless engineering theories there were signs that decision makers should have paid more
attention to. This disaster could have been prevented, as it was a direct result of cost–cutting
decisions made by BP and its business partners. From an engineering perspective BP, Transocean,
and Halliburton adequately analyzed the potential overall impact of many risk factors that were
present. Faulty cement work failed to protect and seal off the well. A weakened mixture of mud and
seawater decreased the amount of pressure needed to hold the gas back. Lastly a blowout preventer
failed to completely shear the drill pipe. According to Mohamed Yunus (n.d.), this is the lethal
mechanical combination that caused ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the Joint Investigation Team, 2011; National Commission on the BP Deepwater
Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling, 2011; U.S. Coast Guard, 2010 "The trade–off was a less
rigorous safety protocol for preventing the unwanted flow of high pressure gas and oil up the well
pipe at the Macondo well site" (as cited by Kurtz, 2013, p. 372). Simple, routine safety checks could
have prevented this incident. It is true that safety checks and service requirements may present a
need to shut down production for a period of time. The incurrence of increased costs and production
losses typically fuel reluctance to carry out such safety evaluations. The is undoubtedly what
happened upon the Deepwater Horizon which resulted in leaders relying on short term overviews to
decide to reduce the amount of time spent on safety processes rather than shut down production the
rig. Decision makers took a gamble and suffered a tremendous, avoidable

Deepwater Horizon Was An Offshore Drilling Rig
Deepwater Horizon was an offshore drilling rig built in 2001 in South Korea by Hyundai Heavy
Industries. In September 2009, the rig drilled the deepest oil well in history with a vertical depth of
35,050 feet.
An unplanned flow of well fluids into the wellbore can be dangerous as it could cause a blowout
which would then cause a fire. In order to prevent this, driller's pump a drilling mud into the well,
creating a barrier between the undersea oil and gas and the rig. The safety of the drilling crew relies
on a piece of equipment placed on the top of the sea floor called the blowout preventer. This is
essential for controlling the well and in an emergency situation preventing a disaster on the platform
high above on the sea surface. The blowout preventer is connected to the rig by a large diameter
pipe called a riser. If a blowout occurs the blowout preventer is designed to prevent flammable oil
and gas travelling up the drilling rig.
At 8:45pm on April 20th 2010 a blowout occurred in the well. Oil and gas entered the wellbore
undetected, eventually passing above the blowout preventer. Quickly it made its way up the riser
towards the Deepwater Horizon and the 126 people on board. Just after 9:40 pm, drilling mud
forced upwards by the rising oil and gas suddenly blew out on the rig. Crew members responded by
closing the upper annular preventer. This did not work. They then tried to close a pipe ram. This
successfully closed the annular space and sealed the well but this

Issue Management: Risk Management
Issue Management: Risk Management
Unlike traditional risk management tools, which are usually based around tangible and quantifiable
issues, scenario thinking encourages executives to step into the unknown and imagine a range of
possible futures. – Doug Randall and Chris Ertel
Managing risk is central to many corporate strategies. Reputations that take decades to build can be
ruined in a matter of hours through incidents such as environmental accidents. "The definition of
risk management for organizations has broadened, expanding beyond the tangible and quantifiable
issues to the less tangible and more qualitative forms of risk. The bounded definition blinds
executives to considerable opportunities that come ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
[7] Eleven members of the Deepwater Horizon rig were killed and fourteen were injured in the
explosion which rocked the Gulf Coast and spewed upwards to 40,000 barrels of crude a day into
the Gulf waters.
The oil industry is more dangerous than other industries, and oil companies, including BP, strive to
reduce accidents and improve safety. But BP, the world's third largest oil and gas producer, has the
worst health, environment and safety record than any other major oil companies, according to Yulia
Reuter, (Head of the energy research team at RiskMetrics)
Company Background
BP is a global oil and energy company based in Great Britain. The company locates and extracts oil
all over the world. BP also refines and transforms oil to gasoline, motor oils and other chemicals.
Because of the supply chain system that BP operates, the company interacts with a vast number of
individuals and organizations whose interactions bring along ethical obligations. Basic ethical
obligations in the oil industry include the following:
– Providing customers with the product that meets their expectations
– Ensuring reasonable levels of workplace health and safety
– Dealing honestly with suppliers
– Complying with environmental laws and industry best practices

– Building long term share value
"We are committed to the safety and the development of our

Bp 's Risk Management Practices
Executive Summary
The oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 resulted in considerable damage to the environment,
economy and human livelihoods. While BP, as one of the parties involved in the operation of the oil
drilling on Deepwater Horizon rig, suffered huge financial loss and reputation loss, it was found to
be the one to be mostly blamed due to its lack of risk management. As poor risk management can
lead to an astonishing disaster like this, it appears to be necessary for every business to learn from
BP's mistakes and try the best to prevent such disaster from happening again. This report studies this
case, focusing on two issues identified in BP's risk management practices, namely its sloppy
preparation for risks and its inappropriate communication strategy after the crisis happened. No
evidence showed that BP had a sufficient emergency plan for the worst–case deep–water oil spill
although the depth of the oil drilling was one of the deepest. BP's unseriousness towards safety was
also indicated in their attempt to shift blames to its contractors and the unaccountability shown by
the words of BP's executives during interviews. Based on the examination of BP's deficiency in risk
management, the lessons that can be learned from it are discussed. In brief, firstly, accurate risk
assessment and appropriate emergency plan should be available before the operation is started.
Secondly, post–crisis communication should show the world that the company cares and is
accountable

Pros And Cons Of Ol
OIL AND GAS ECONOMICS
ON APRIL 10,2010 THERE WAS A HUGE OIL RIG EXPLOSION AND OIL SPILLED IN THE
GULF OF MEXICO WHICH TOOK LIVES OF 11 PEOPLE .THIS OIL SPILL SCENE
HAPPENED 40 MILES OFF THE COAST NAMED LOUISSIAN COAST SITUATED IN GULF
OF MEXICO.THE BRITISH PETROLEUM GAVE CONTRACT OF DRILLING THE WELL TO
SOME TRANS UNION AND DURING THAT DRILLING PERIOD, OIL AND NATURAL GAS
LEAKED ON THE OCEAN FLOOR.THE OIL WAS ESCAPED FROM THE HOLE BLOWOUT
OF THE DRILLING PIPE AND GAS FOLLOWED THE OIL BECAUSE OIL AND GAS ARE
FOUND IN THE SAME RESERVOIRS. PEOPLE CLAIM THIS HUGE DISASTER HAPPENED
DUE TO THE RESULT OF MISHAPS WHICH WAS BEING IGNORED FROM MANY DAYS
PRIOR TO THIS OIL RIG EXPLOSION.
THE MAIN CAUSES WHICH WERE BEING SUSPECTED OF THIS OIL RIG EXPLOSION

Mexican Oil Spill Analysis
"After the Spill is gone: The Gulf of Mexico, Environmental Crime, and the Criminal Law [dagger]"
covers the deep water oil rig spill in the Gulf of Mexico that took place on April 20, 2010. The most
devastating spill to our environment, causing the death of eleven people and three months of oil
gushing into our waters harming our environment. There was an estimated 4.9 million barrels
(approximately 200 million gallons) of oil spilled. This law review relates to the reading in the
Effective Human Relations book, Twelfth Edition, by showing us corporate crime, ethics, morals
and whistle–blowing. Environmental and corporate business peaks my interests and is why I chose
this review. According to the University of Michigan's facility biographies, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The estimated damage was between twenty and fifty billion dollars to the area. The companies, BP,
Transocean and Halliburton strayed away from the industry standards in the drilling of the Macondo
well. During the drilling Transocean experienced "well control with violent kicks' of gas and oil"
Comments by workers made were "nightmare well" and "well from hell" Transocean reports the
blowout preventer had not been inspected since 2000, BP reports maintenance audits in 2009 that
the rig needed thirty–five hundred hours of work. The coast guard and Mineral Management
Services reports stated the rig had experienced numerous spills and fires due to the malfunction of
equipment, faulty operation by employees and weather during the nine years Macondo drilled for
BP. The reports listed that BP cut corners using single wall pipe, not circulating mud before
installing cement seals, only installing six of twenty spacers that Halliburton recommended. BP
failed to conduct necessary testing, warning signs were missed, alarms and safety systems on the rig
failed to operate. The Presidential commission commented on the spill "The most significant failure
at Macondo – and the clear root cause of the blowout – was failure of industry management." (Page

Essay about Psychological Health Effects of Deep Water...
Introduction Oil spills happens every year through cleaning of tankers. These spills contribute more
petro–pollutants to the ocean than offshore rig blowouts though less attention is generated when
compared to blowouts of oil rigs (Nadakavukaren, 2006). Whenever there is a rig blowout or tanker
spill, far more attention is attracted as in the case of the Gulf of Mexico oil spill. The Gulf of
Mexico oil spill is an oil spill that occurred in the Gulf of Mexico with oil spilling for three months
in 2010. This spill generated a lot of attention and the EPA is monitoring the air, water, sediments
and waste management data so as to protect people from this environmental disaster "The EPA has
an active oil spill prevention program which focuses ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There were five human errors that were generated by NOLA from 100 hours of testimony before a
federal investigative panel. These human errors were: Fewer barriers to gas flow, fewer centralizers
to keep cement even, no bond log to test cement integrity, mud barrier removed early and pressure
test misinterpreted which ultimately led to the failure of the blowout preventer. These are
maintenance issues that were neglected "According to a separate 112–page equipment assessment
also commissioned by Transocean, many of the components–including the blowout preventer and
fail safe valves had not been fully inspected since 2000, even though guidelines require inspection
of the preventer every three to five years" (NY Times, 2010). Since BP was planning to disconnect
the well and move to another well, a company (Halliburton) was hired to cement the wells. The
quality of cement and the seal used were questionable "BP and congressional investigators have
raised questions about the cementing suggesting that the seal might have been faulty and failed to
keep gas from rising up in the well" (NY Times, 2010). Dissipation and Areas Affected The spread
of oil to the shorelines can be due to a series of factors. The weather might have played a part in the
spread of the oil since strong winds

The Deepwater Horizon Is An Oil Drilling Rig

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The Deepwater Horizon Is An Oil Drilling Rig