Essay On Economy Of Pakistan

Impact of Globalization on Pakistan Economy
Context Page. No.
1. Title 3
2.0 Background and academic context 3
3.0 Signification of project 4
4.0 research questions 5
5.0 literature review 5
6.0 Aim and objective 9...show more content...
Globalization helps people and firms in large scale in the form of cash flow or investments,
experiences, new inventions, new technology, they can import and export to the big market on a
cheaper or effective way. Globalization is bringing the people together and making the world smaller
and smaller.
"There are Number of institutions established in the wake of World War II including World Bank,
international monetary fund (IMF), and general agreement on tariffs and trade (GATT). Similarly
world trade organization (WTO) has played an important role in promoting free trade in place of
protectionism". (www.worldbank.org)
Developing countries like Pakistan have to understand the pros and cons of globalization in context
with WTO regime and to find ways not only to survive in the international market but also get
benefit from it. This study will be helpful to improve the understanding regarding the effects of
globalization on Pakistan's economy. The main purpose of this research is to help and improve the
understanding of different effects of gradual and selective approach to globalization in different term
such as employment, trade, wages and social progress in Pakistan. 4.0 Research Questions
How is Pakistan positioning itself to meet the challenges of globalization?
What is an overall impact of globalization on foreign direct investment in Pakistan?
What are the benefits of free trade and how we can bring transaction
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INTRODUCTION
Unemployment is one of the most difficult social issues of market economics. The unemployment
shifts over the business cycles as understood as changes in aggregate demand relative to aggregate
supply. This paper deals with the information and the causes of unemployment and its impact on the
Pakistan economy. It also shows different aspects and reasons for growing unemployment in
Pakistan including its prevailing economics crisis. The role of government is also taken care of to
identify the causes of unemployment. The research is conducted about the impact of unemployment
on Pakistan economy. Study identifies the economic reasons of unemployment in Pakistan, to search
unemployment in Pakistan and Effects of social economic impact on youth of Pakistan. The research
gives information of various reasons for unemployment and its impact on the economy of Pakistan.
Those who have abilities and the will to do work, but there is lack of opportunities to get job are in
the category of unemployed. When unemployment high resources are wasted, people's income are
depressed. In the current situation the ratio of unemployed persons in Pakistan is more than 12
percent which consists of 113 million peoples. (Nizami.S; 2010)
According to latest labour survey for 2008–09, the unemployment rate has increased to 55% from
52% unemployment rate as 15 percent. (Khalil; 1999)
There are so many reasons of unemployment in Pakistan. The biggest reason is the insufficient
methods of

Economic Impact Of 9/11 On Pakistan
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF 9/11 ON PAKISTAN
Nine years down 9/11, we note that three countries Afghanistan, Iraq and Pakistan bore the brunt of
the aftermath of the dastardly deed. Destruction and mayhem resulting from the occupation of Iraq
has regressed it from a booming oil economy into a hotbed of terror attacks. Then Afghanistan,
which was already reeling under the impact of the after effects of the Soviet invasion and tribal wars
for supremacy, has retrogressed further after the US–led invasion. The Taliban resurgence and
machination by various secret services to establish their presence for their nefarious designs, makes
Afghanistan a battleground for proxy wars. What is more, Pakistan got sucked into the war on
terror, in response to the...show more content...
Due to this depreciation of the currency, it has increased the cost of imports; hence, increasing the
prices of various consumer goods.
The trade deficit stands at a staggering $20 billion, as against a projected oil import bill of $11
billion which can only be paid by completely depleting the country's foreign exchange reserves. The
trend is unlikely to be reversed. The price of oil five years ago was a mere $25 per barrel.
In view of the prevailing environment, fraught with risks, the government is constrained to give top
priority to security and is bound to spend more on the security and law enforcing agencies,
compromising development expenditures. Countert–errorism efforts, do not entail the high security
measures for VIPs only, but in view of the armed forces and security agencies, financial, medical and
educational institutions being targeted, allocation of the scarce resources to security has resulted in
the acute decline in productive spending in the economy.
The law and order situation has deteriorated to such an extent that Pakistan, which was a co–host for
the 2011 Cricket World Cup, along with India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, has been deprived of the
opportunity. It is estimated that the PCB will lose $10.5 million, due to the tournament being taken
away from them. According to the Finance Division, in terms of the economic impact, the fallout on
Pakistan has also been immense.
As a frontline state in the

Report On The Unemployment Of Pakistan Essay
Report on: Unemployment in Pakistan Submitted by: Aneel kumar Submitted to: Sir Muhammad
Yamman khan Class BBA–III (morning) Subject: Business communication University of Karachi
ACKNOWLGEMENT: I am grateful to my Sir Muhammad Yamman Khan who gave me this
chance to write a report. By which I got my first experience to working on a report. I have taken
efforts in this report and however It would have not been possible without the kind support and help
of my relatives and friends so thanks to all relatives, friends and others who in one way shared their
support either financially or physically. Above all to the great almighty, the author of knowledge and
wisdom, for his countless love. Without him it would not be possible. Summary: This report deals
with the unemployment that is the most focusable issue in the economy. Due to which the stability
of the economy is measured and the unemployment shifts over the business cycle as changes in the
aggregate demand and aggregate supply factor of the economy. This report deals with its types and
rate of unemployment of the several years and causes of unemployment and its impact on the
economy of Pakistan and its conclusion that how to try to clear the unemployment from the
boundary of Pakistan economy. It also shows the different aspect and reason for growing
unemployment in the economy of Pakistan. The role of government and government policies also
taken care to identify the causes of unemployment. This

Economy of Pakistan
Introduction
Pakistan was established in 1947 and since its inception; it has been surrounded by countless issues,
some of which are confined to ill–formed/missing infrastructure, insufficient refined resources,
barren or obsolete factories and technologies, the Kashmir controversy and other fronts also
involving an ever–ready enemy to underscore its efforts towards progress. Despite being rich in
natural resources, Pakistan has so far been a developing country with limited development in every
era due to the economic problems it has been facing. In the following text we will shed light on
some of the major problems faced by Pakistan as a country, today. Following are some of the
important factors that are disturbing Pakistan's Economy:...show more content...
For the first time in years, it may have to seek external funding as Balance of Payments support.
Consequently, S&P lowered Pakistan's foreign currency debt rating to CCC–plus from B, just
several notches above a level that would indicate default. Pakistan's local currency debt rating was
lowered to B–minus from BB–minus. Credit agency Moody's Investors Service cut its outlook on
Pakistan's debt to negative from stable due to political uncertainty, though it maintained the
country's rating at B2.The cost of protection against a default in Pakistan's sovereign debt trades at
1,800 basis points, according to its five year credit default swap, a level that indicates investors
believe the country is already in or will soon be in default.
The middle term however may be less turbulent, depending on the political environment. The EIU
estimates that inflation should drop back to single digits in 2010, and that growth should pick up to
over 5% per annum by 2011. Although less than the previous 5 year average of 7%, it would
represent an overcoming of the present crisis wherein growth is a mere 3.5–4%
Pakistan economy is under its terrible crisis due to following REASONS
Г One of the immediate causes is Political instability due to Musharaf's position as president, delay
in restoring judiciary and resultantly

Current Situation of Pakistan Economy
Current Situation of Pakistan Economy
There are genuine fears prevailing in Pakistan that its economy is in a bad shape. Whereas some
expert economists of the country comment that Pakistan's economy is near collapse, others are of
the view that although our economy is still away from the verge of immediate collapse it is so
fragile that unless serious and urgent efforts are made to survive the economy, it can move to a
dangerous stage within about next six to 12 months.
These views of experts cannot be wished away since weak health of the economy is being
mirrored by withering economic indicators, such as low Gross Domestic Product (GDP) due to
very low annual growth rate of our economy (2%), rising fiscal deficit (5.8% of total size of...show
more content...
The ultimate objective of the economic plan should be to reduce and eliminate dependence on
foreign debts/aid and internal borrowings. The Government should also make serious efforts in
exploring country's natural resources with emphasis on making Thar Coal Project a quick success
so that electricity and gas could be generated and provided to the productive sectors of our
economy. Efforts should also be made to maintain and increase flow of foreign remittances and
exports to reduce trade deficit. In the long–term perspective the defence expenditure should also be
reduced by making efforts in cooperation with the regional and world powers for early resolution
ofAfghanistan issue which can bring the war on terror in our part of the world to an end. In this
major enterprise of addressing country's economic downturn, the government as well as opposition
parties in Pakistan have to work together with all sincerity, integrity, cooperation and statesmanship
giving good governance in a corruption–free environment. To make the economic revival and
development plan a success story within the shortest possible time, it is necessary that all adult
citizens of Pakistan also play their constructive

PAKISTAN: RECENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS ISHRAT
HUSAIN Most of the news emanating about Pakistan in the Western media relate to terrorism, bomb
blasts, Islamic fundamentalism, nuclear non proliferation, military rule etc. Seldom does one see a
positive story appearing about Pakistan's remarkable economic turnaround. But the fact of the matter
is that despite such negative image Pakistan is one of the favored destinations for foreign direct
investment. Foreign direct investment flows have surged by 95 percent during July – February 2007
and are expected to touch $ 5 billion or 3.5 percent of GDP – several times higher than FDI flows to
our large neighbor in relative terms. Pakistan's international bond issues and...show more content...
Economic growth rates have risen from 1.8 percent in 2000/01 gradually to average 6 –7 percent a
year in the last four years making Pakistan one of the fastest growing economy in the Asia region.
For Pakistan these rates are not spectacular but a reversion to mean. The average growth rate of
GDP over 50 year period of Pakistan has been 5.2 percent per annum. Manufacturing sector output
growth was over 15 percent, exports have doubled in US dollar terms in these five years, and an
open trade regime has allowed imports from all over the world to triple. Tax revenues have risen
by 14 percent a year reducing fiscal deficit which used to average 7 percent a year in the 1990s to
average 4 percent. Current account turned around from chronic deficit to a surplus for three
successive years mainly due to renewed export growth and resurgence of workers' remittances.
Although it has become negative since 2005/06 due to phenomenonal growth in imports of
machinery and equipment and increase in world oil prices it is being fully financed by foreign
capital flows. Inflation rate during the first four years of the current government remained below 4
percent but oil price pass through and food shortages have led to 8 percent on average since
2004–05. External debt burden has been halved from 52% to 26% of GDP and is projected to be on
a declining path. The country's capacity to service its

SYNOPSIS Topic: Globalization and its impact on Pakistan's economy
Submitted to: Miss Ayesha Submitted by: Syeda Fatima Nadir Semester: 6 Major: Economics
Introduction:
Globalisation is the process of international unification that arises from the exchange of world views,
ideas, products and some other features of culture. The term of globalization has been increasingly
used since 1980s and especially the mid–1990s.In 2000 IMF introduced four basic aspects of
Globalization which are trade transactions, migration of people, capital and investment movements
and distribution of knowledge. Moreover environmental challenges such as change in climate, cross
boundary air and water pollution and over fishing of the ocean are linked with globalization. There
are positive and negative effects of globalisation. Positive effects include decrease in inflation rate
because of the increasing competition in international markets that forces the producers to stabilize
the prices. Advancements in technology and efficiency in growth are the supplementary benefits of
it. But at the same time it has created some problems like inequality and instability in financial
markets, worse

Impact of Us Aid on Pakistan Economy
"Impact of United States Aid on Pakistan Economy"
A thesis
Presented to
The faculty of
Management Sciences
Bahria Institute of Management &Computer Sciences, Karachi
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Degree Master in Business Administration
Abstract
This research paper analyzes the effects of United States aid on the economic growth of Pakistan.
The study uses annual data of last ten year for the period 2002–2012. The research study is conduct
to check weather united state aid has any impact of positive or negative on Pakistan economy. This
hypothesis was tested using panel data series through finance/Statics software SPSS. The role of US
aid in promoting economic growth is a debatable issue and remains unsettled at...show more content...
Major internal problem are poverty and crime, and

Impact of Globalization on Pakistan Economy
International Journal of Business and Social Science
Vol. 2 No. 5; [Special Issue–March 2011]
Illusive and Regressive Globalization: Issues and Challenges for Pakistan's Economy
Muhammad Iqbal Anjum Assistant Professor International Institute of Islamic Economics,
International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan E–mail: miqbalanjum@iiu.edu.pk Abstract
In a mesmerizing scenario of the aura of glamorous globalization, Pakistan has entered the 21st
century with ambivalent presentiment of hope and gloom in the context of realizing
globalization–based economic development. Globalization is indeed the most fashionable current
issue in the whole world. It is also an irrefutable fact that the movement of globalization has been
universally...show more content...
2. Origin, Evolution, Nature, Forces, Vehicles and Instruments of Globalization
The movement of globalization, premised in the progress of commerce, was conceived in the
literature contributed by the writers of Scottish Enlightenment in the 18th century [(Khan, 2000,
p.21), (Anjum, 2006b); (Anjum, 2008, 5)].
1
This fact is documented in the World Development Report 2007 published byWorld Bank.
67
The Special Issue on Contemporary Issues in Business and Economics
© Centre for Promoting Ideas, USA
Especially, Adam Smith's free trade doctrine led the global movement for free international trade and
economic integration of different countries and this movement, which realized and sustained its
dominance throughout the middle decades of the nineteenth century at first under the leadership of
Britain and later under the sway of the United States since the decade of 1930s, has recently
assumed the status of a worldwide movement which is generally known as globalization. The
movement of globalization theoretically regards the world as a global village and, therefore,
endeavors to achieve the economic integration of all nations of the world for assuring their economic
convergence and development [Anjum, 2005c); (Anjum, 2006a, 164)]. In this milieu, globalization
acts as one of the thoroughgoing international

Long Run Growth Of Pakistan
Long–run Growth in Pakistan Ashoni Kumar April 26, 2015 Abstract: Growth rate of Pakistan
over the past sixty years have been both impressive as well as disappointing too. The reason why
the economy is recognized being impressive is because of the rapid growth rate that had its
quadrupling impact over per capita income as well as reduction in the poverty. During the same
span of time the country fairly performed in sustain inflation too. Later, the structural
transformation in areas of financial and administrative sector brought harm by converting an
agrarian economy in to more diversify industrialized economy. Social indicators suggests us that
Pakistan is being ranked being 134th among 177 countries in terms of Human development index
and also in terms of Income inequality index because there exist a lot of disparity in terms of
urban rural segregation, gender differences and this all has worsen over time. Pakistan is lagging
behind many other countries belonging to the Est Asian Countries and most recent is an example of
India with its impressive integration as far as world economy is concerned. Economic History of
Pakistan: The economic past of Pakistan begins with its independence in 1947. Pakistan's economy
is a semi–industrialized economy that used to be largely dependent upon textile, agriculture and
food production. Although over years there is a recent advancement observed in areas of
technological diversification but the country still needs to

Pakistan Essay
Pakistan: Foreign Policy
Pakistan, a land of many splendors and opportunities, a repository of a unique blend of history and
culture for both the East and West has been the cradle of one of the oldest civilizations. The Indus
valley, is the ninth most populous Area in the world, with 134 million tough, conscientious, hard
working people wishing and striving hard to enter into the 21st century as equal partners in the
community of the different developed nations. During the last 20 years Pakistan's economy has been
one of the fastest growing in the world–the seventh fastest in Asia (www.forisb.org/fpolicy).
Pakistan's economy has been becoming large on a worldwide scale, with the annual gross domestic
product growing at more than six...show more content...
Pakistan now has a highly developed financial sector consisting of local as well as foreign
commercial banks, investment banks, leasing companies, mutual funds and varies other fund
companies. Besides providing working capital and long–term financing to the investors, these banks
offer a number of facilities such as remittance of profits/dividends and maintenance of foreign
currency accounts (www.mofa.com). Now because of this, various cities in Pakistan have developed
stock exchanges with major corporations in the U.S.
Security in Pakistan has been a major issue since the origins of the country and its controversial
creation.
The overriding objective of Pakistan's foreign policy is the safe guarding of its sovereignty, security
and territorial integrity. This is underpinned by its firm adherence to immutable principles of
interstate relations.
The violence accompanying the partition leading to the emergence of the two independent states of
Pakistan and India generated hostility, which continues to afflict relations between the two countries,
mainly because of the unresolved issue of Jammu and Kashmir. The issue is the source of continuing
tensions and conflict, and shaped the unstable and tense security environment in the region. The
historical

Effect of Terrorism on Pakistan Economy
ECONOMIC COST OF TERRORISM: A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN
Arshad Ali *
The world is currently confronting terrorism in different manifestations. After the 9/11 terrorist
events, the phenomenon of terrorism has abruptly changed the socioeconomic and geopolitical
situation of the world. Terrorist groups have linkages with each other and are utilising each
otherвЂџs areas for recruitment and training, exchanging illegal weapons, engaging in joint planning
and ventures, and also providing administrative and other logistic support. Pakistan is also facing the
menace of terrorism which is eroding the countryвЂџs social structure, economic development and
political system. The acts of terrorism are threatening PakistanвЂџs law and order situation,...show
more content...
Humanitarian aid. Conflict affectees, IDPs and refugees.
Fiscal costs. Including the impact on revenue and programmes for growth and to rebuild society.
Economic costs. Reduced investment, flight of capital and lower growth rate.
Social costs. The impact on living standards, including health, education and wider aspects of
vulnerability, taking into account the fact that conflict often harms the poor most. Cultural costs.
and long–lasting. Impact on social conventions and structures, which is often severe
Source: "Estimating Conflict Cost: The Case of North West Frontier Province and Pakistan (Draft
for Discussion)", cppr.edu.pk/download/Estimating%20Conflict%20Cost%20–2009–08–20.pdf
There are some other factors as well which must be taken into account, including compensation to the
aggrieved parties and destroyed private infrastructure and expenses. Moreover, the cost of dislocation
of population and missed opportunities, along with the psychosocial cost, trauma, loss of loved ones
and mental illness must also be factored in such cost assessments.
Consequences of terrorism
The burden on a State managing a terrorism problem may be enormous, serious and unmanageable
and has severe consequences on its economic outlook. Nevertheless, some of the economic
consequences of terrorism are tabled below:
Economic Dimension Economic growth.
Effect
Negative, sometimes falls dramatically.

Exports.

Economic reforms in Pakistan
ECONOMIC REFORMS IN PAKISTAN
There is a widely shared consensus about the nature of reforms that Pakistan should embark upon.
This consists of two components – stabilization and long term structural reforms. Under the first
component the economy has to be stabilized with the help of fiscal consolidation, widening of tax
net and mobilization of domestic resources, cutting down the losses of state owned corporations,
curtailing wasteful development expenditure and assigning priority to removing supply–side
bottlenecks such as energy and infrastructure, keeping inflation under control and maintaining
exchange rate stability. The second component requires governance reforms in the structure,
processes and human resource policies of the...show more content...
So leaving this popular myth aside, let us try to explore other plausible explanations for this relative
economic decline of Pakistan. For this we have to examine the cumulative experience of economic
growth and development in various periods of Pakistan's history keeping the changes in academic
thinking in different eras in the background.
Economic policies are underpinned by certain intellectual precepts, axioms, theory and evidence.
This body of knowledge does not remain static and keeps on changing with the passage of time and
emergence of new evidence. The post–colonial independence period of most developing countries
was marked by a group of charismatic political leaders who were suspicious of the policies and
advice of their erstwhile rulers and wanted to keep themselves at a distance from what the colonial
masters were preaching. This period also coincided with the appearance of a new field in economics
called Development Economics that focused on the problems of newly independent countries. The
academic tradition at that time highly embedded in Post–Keynesian Economics came up with the
notion of 'Balanced Growth', 'Big Push', 'Controlling Commanding Heights', 'Critical minimum
effort', 'Export elasticity pessimism" and "low level equilibrium trap'. The end result of this strand
of literature was advocacy of a dominant role of the State in planning, directing

Pakistan's economic performance over the last 20 years
Introduction
PAKISTAN'S RECENT HISTORY
In the last 20 years, Pakistan has oscillated between 3 personalities – Benazir Bhutto, Nawaz Sharif,
and Gen. (retd.) Pervez Musharraf. The current President, Asif Zardari, it can be argued, is in power
mainly because he was the husband of the late Benazir Bhutto, although he has come into his own
over the last two years.
Benazir and Sharif were both Prime Minister for two terms each, with each ending the other's term,
citing incompetency and unfitness to rule. In October 1999, General Pervez Musharraf seized control
of the country and the focus of power in Pakistan shifted towards the President. In 2008, he resigned
after pressure from the newly elected government of the PPP – the legacy of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto,
Benazir Bhutto and now her husband, Asif Zardari.
While the political turmoil and uncertainty of the last two decades has left the public with
weakened wills and a spiteful distrust of politicians, the country as a whole moves ever on. The
purpose of this report is to examine the progress (or in some cases deterioration) of various
indicators of economic health; and in the limited understanding of the authors, present a view of why
the particular trend is seen.
INDICATORS– WHAT & WHY
Economic indicators are important statistics one can use to measure the economy, and in a sense get
an overview of the current state of progress or regress, whichever may be the case. There

Socio Economic Problems of Pakistan
Socio Economic Problems of Pakistan
By: Sehar Sheikh
Outline:
Introduction:
A problem–free society; desire of every individual
Defining social and economic problems
Why they are a menace?
A.Social Problems
Problems at the time of separation grew with the passage of time
The current scenario
a.Poor law and order situation
b.Poverty
c.Illiteracy
d.Corruption
e.Unemployment
f.Child Labour
B.Economic Problems
Power crises and war on terrorism, root of basic economic problems
Loss of MNCs business
Tumbling stock market
Unprecedented Inflation
Declining exports
Loss of Foreign Exchange through Tourism Industry
Influx of local people from war–ridden areas and their rehabilitation
C.Remedies
Improved law...show more content...
Terrorism has become a headache for federation and a nightmare for public. Government has been
helpless in eradicating terrorism despite beefing up security in metropolitan cities. Public seeks
answer to the question that what is their fault for which they are being punished by the terrorists?
People have become numerical figures, blown up in numbers every now and then. Terrorists have
not spared any place. Bazars, mosques, educational institutes, offices, hotels– you name it and the
place is not safe any more.
Besides terrorism there are other social problems which are older and more widespread. The

biggest of these problems is poverty. 70% population of Pakistan lives in villages. Most of them
don't have access to adequate basic needs of life. They are struggling for bread and butter. A large
chunk of population lives below poverty line. They live in miserable conditions. Lack of proper
food, clothing and shelter, poor sanitation, unsafe and sometimes contaminated drinking water are
just some of their many problems. Poverty itself gives rise to various other social problems. It
deprives children of poor people to access education and healthcare. A sense of deprivation
manifests itself in form of various crimes. That is why every now and then we read crime stories in
newspapers that are characterized by lower orders of society who adopt illegal channels to get the
financial prosperity which they can not achieve otherwise.
Illiteracy is yet an other problem of

A Comparison of Economic Growth and Development: Pakistan and Similar Countries
Introduction
Pakistan has all the major ingredients necessary to become a developed nation; it has a geo–strategic
location, a generous availability of natural resources and a large population in the working age.
Despite having the potential to turn itself into a developed country, Pakistan has not been able to
fulfill its potential.
Israel, South Korea and Malaysia are countries in roughly the same region as Pakistan. All of these
countries came into being around the same time as Pakistan. All three of these countries have a
higher GDP (Gross Domestic Product) than Pakistan and all three of them are ranked higher in the
HDI (Human...show more content...
Marcus Noland (2005) describes the change in South Korea's initial poor economic performance to a
much improved circumstance under martial law, leading to higher domestic investment and
increasing capital accumulation, by initiating new reforms, unifying the exchange rate system,
devaluing the currency and raising the real interest rate, as well as by encouraging domestic markets
and the export industry. The rapid industrialization however,

Overview of Pakistan's Economy
Pakistan was a very poor and predominantly agricultural country when it gained independence in
1947. Pakistan's average economic growth rate since independence has been higher than the
average growth rate of the world economy during the period. Average annual real GDP growth
rates were 6.8% in the 1960s, 4.8% in the 1970s, and 6.5% in the 1980s. Average annual growth fell
to 4.6% in the 1990s with significantly lower growth in the second half of that decade.
Farming is Pakistan's largest economic activity. In FY 1993, agriculture, and small–scale forestry
and fishing, contributed 25 percent of GDP and employed 48 percent of the labor force. Agricultural
products, especially cotton yarn, cotton cloth, raw...show more content...
Investment was invited in medium and large scale industries with grant of incentives but without
regard to sustainability of the activity, raw material and manpower availability, site specificity and
entrepreneurship.
The small scale manufacturing, based on indigenous or indigenised technologies, continued to be the
main contributor to economic development, more than the large scale industries, until the late fifties.
In the mid fifties the contribution of the large scale manufacturing based on embodied technologies
overtook that of the small industries. The contribution of the latter was 30% of the total in mid
sixties and continues to be approximately 25% of the manufacturing sector. Subsequently large and
small industrial complexes were established in the cities of Karachi, Lahore, Nowshera, Hyderabad,
Sukkur, Nawab Shah, Mirpur Khas and Khairpur and later on in Balochistan.
The above process helped the small industry in Sindh in the initial stages and in other parts of the
Country in the mid–1960s and 1970s to enter into new fields viz. the sectors of engineering,
chemicals, plastics, electronics, electrical goods, garments, leather goods etc. The output of these
industries is, however, marred by the lack of quality control. Realizing that the contribution of small
industries is approximately 25% of the industries sector, amounting to a turn over of over Rs 5
billion per year, the Government

Economic Problems Faced by Pakistan
History Of Pakistan
Economic Problems Faced by Today's Pakistan
Table of Contents
Introduction4
Poverty4
Illiteracy5
Corruption & Political Instability5
Over Population, Unemployment & Inflation6
International Interference8
Terrorism/Extremism8
Recent Floods9 Long–Term Effects of Pakistan Floods9
Reference11
Introduction
Pakistan was established in 1947 and since its inception; it has been surrounded by countless issues,
some of which are confined to ill–formed/missing infrastructure, insufficient refined resources,
barren or obsolete factories and technologies, the Kashmir controversy and other fronts also
involving an ever–ready enemy to underscore its efforts towards progress. Despite being rich in
natural resources,...show more content...
It is interesting to note that due to international interference and manipulation, the very same
people that we have previously labeled as corrupt, blamed and rebuked for their acts, have come
back to govern us after a couple of years and the very same people have welcome them with open
arms, representing the inconsistency and apprehension instilled in our social, economic and political
framework. A common English saying goes as "fool me once, shame on you, fool me twice, shame
on me".
This has also been one of the key reasons as to why the political process in Pakistan has not
prospered so far into any rational coalition. Soon after its inception the sincere and loyal politicians
were removed from the main stream and dupes and rubber stamps were put into place, where the
final authority has relied upon decisions made outside the country.
Over Population, Unemployment & Inflation
On the one hand we have had years of low GDP growth and on the other a high population growth
combined to place Pakistan in a situation where the stability of its economic pie has not been
increasing fast enough to facilitate and extricate the country from the poverty trap it was inflicted
upon in it's making. To compound the problem, recent years have seen food prices and utility tariffs

shooting up by a wide margin, making it increasingly difficult for people to make

Essay On Economy Of Pakistan

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