5. Chief complaint
•Fever off and on x 2 months
•Yellow discoloration of skin & sclera x 2 months
•Abdominal Distension and oedema x one and half month
7. Yellow discolorations of skin & sclera
•Noticed by himself while washing his face
•Duration : 2 months
•Onset : Gradual
•Progression: Progressive
•Urine colour : High colour
•Stool colour : Normal
8. For haemolytic jaundice
•No family history of blood diseases/ blood transfusion
•No associated pallor according to the patient
9. For viral hepatitis
•No prodromal symptoms such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, distaste, rash, joint
and muscle pain.
•No outbreak of VH - A nearby.
•No risk factors for VH – B/C/D such as
oBlood tansfusion,
ounsterile injection,
otatooing,
oear-piercing
osexual promiscuity
•Vaccination (-)
10. For leptospirosis
•No eyeball tenderness
•No abdominal pain, decreased urine output
•No chest pain
•No cough with sputum, haemoptysis
•No muscle and joint pain
•No occupational risk for getting Leptospira infection
12. History of alcohol drinking
•Type : Whisky
•Duration : 2 years
•Amount : 3 – 4 bottles/day
13. For post hepatic jaundice
•No pruritus
•No history of passing worms
•No risk factors for gall stones such as being age over 50, fat,
female gender, being fertile & flatulence
14. Fever
•Duration : 2 months
•Character : Remittent
•Severity : high fever
•No chill and rigor
•Travelling history (+)
•History of TB contact (-)
•Risk factors associated with HIV infection (-)
•Abdominal pain (-)
15. Abdominal distention and Oedema
•Onset : Gradual
•Duration : one and half month
•Site of 1st appearance : Legs
•Progress and rate : Progressive and Gradual
•Severity : Not associated with breathlessness, orthopnoea
•Amount of urine : Normal
•Aggravating Factors : unknown
•Relieving Factors : Diuretics
21. For spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
•Fever (+)
•Abdominal pain (-)
For hepatorenal syndrome
•Oliguria (-)
22. System Review
•Respiratory : Cough(-), Sputum(-), Haemoptysis(-),
wheeze(-), Stridor(-)
•CVS : Dysnoea on exertion(-), Cyanosis(-)
•Renal : Normal Urine Output, Normal urine colour
•CNS : Fit(-)
23. Past Medical History
•Hepatitis (+)
•No past history of blood disorder requiring transfusion
•Hypertension (-)
•Diabetes Mellitus (-)
•Ischaemic heart disease (-)
•TB (-)
24. • On March 2015, admitted to North Okkalar General Hospital for 5
days for the similar complaints.
• Went to 2 follow up after discharge from NOGH.
• On 2nd May. admitted to Aung Yadanar Polyclinic.
27. Drug History
•No known drug allergy.
• No history of taking drug apart from those prescribed by the
hospital.
•There is no history of taking drugs that can cause haemolysis such as
sulphonamides and dapsone.
•No history of taking hepatotoxic drugs such as INH and rafimpicin,
methotrexate, prolonged used of NSAIDs and chlopromazine, etc
•No history of taking indigenous medicine.
33. Abdominal examination (Inspection)
The shape of the abdomen is distended.
The flanks are full.
Umbilicus is flat.
It moves with respiration.
There is no scar, no dilated veins.
No visible mass and peristalsis.
Hernia orifices are intact.
35. Abdominal examination (Palpation)
Deep Palpation
Liver: size-about 4cm from the right coastal margin,
tenderness(-)
Spleen: is not enlarged
Kidneys are not ballotable.
36. Abdominal examination (Percussion)
Liver dullness is increased up to the right 4th intercostal
space along the mid-clavicular line
Upward enlargement of liver (+)
Splenic dullness is absent
Free fluid: Shifting dullness (+)
40. System Review
CVS system – no cyanosis, no cardiomegaly, no added
sounds
Respiratory system –no apical crepitations, no bilateral
basal crepitations
46. Total & Differential Protein (T & DP)
Total protein 60 g/L (reduced)
Albumin 23 g/L (reduced)
Globulin 37 g/L (raised)
A:G ratio reversed
47. Coagulation tests
PT (Prothrombin time) 35 sec (prolonged)
(normal control is 12.0 sec)
INR (International Normalized Ratio) 2.83
INR =
Patient PT
Normal mean PT
ISI
ISI = International Sensitivity Index of thromboplastin
56. Other tests
ESR 60mm after 1st hour (raised)
HBsAg negative
Anti HCV negative
RBS 131 mg/dl
CXR (PA) cardiomegaly
ECG NAD
OGD scopy planned to do next week
57. Child – Pugh Classification
Serum Bilirubin >50 μmol/L 3
Albumin <28 g/L 3
PT >6 sec longer than normal 3
Ascites mild 2
Encephalopathy none 1
Total Score 12 = Child’s C
1st year survival 42%
5th year survival 20%
Refer to Davidson’s Principles & Practice of Medicine
22nd Ed. Pg. 944 for the full scoring system.
58. Maddrey’s discriminant function (DF)
DF = [ 4.6 x Increase in PT (sec) ] + Bilirubin (mg/dL)
DF = 111
> 32 implies severe liver disease with a poor prognosis.
62. Treatment of Ascites
Bed rest in supine position
Salt, water restriction
PO Spironolactone (Aldactone®) 4 tablets od
IV Furosemide (Lasix®) 40 mg 12 hrly