4. Hogue (2020, p.3) defined a paragraph as “a group
of related sentences that discuss one main idea”.
According to Checkett and Checkett (2010), a para
graph is a group of sentences that develop or expre
ss a single topic (one main idea).
Langan (2000, p.5), further indicated that "a parag
raph is a short paper of around 150-200 words. It us
ually consists of an opening point called a topic sen
tence followed by a series of sentences which supp
ort that point".
5. - The paragraph can be complete in itself, or it can be a
part of essays, report, research, book and other forms of
written composition.
- It usually begins with a general sentence that introduces
the topic.
- This sentence is called a “topic sentence” which tells the
readers what the paragraph is going to be about.
From the mentioned definitions, the paragraph is
conceptually defined as “a group of related
sentences which logically expresses one central
idea and can be varied in terms of length.” 095867
0468 ไนท์
7. comprises of 3 components
1) a topic sentence
2) supporting
sentences
3) a concluding
sentence.
Paragraph
Organization
expresses the
core idea, indicating
what the writer will
say about the subject.
major and minor
supporting
details that the
writer uses to
support or prove
the point.
summarizes the
main point of the
paragraph or
brings the
paragraph to
logical
conclusion.
topic sentence supporting
sentences
concluding
sentence.
9. Good Topic Sentence
1. Unclear: There are many types of teachers.
Revised: There are three types of teachers
which can be categorized according to their
teaching behaviors.
10. Good Topic Sentence
2. Unclear: Living in the city is better than
living in countryside.
Revised: Nowadays, the differences
between living in the city and living in
countryside is getting more and more,
especially a cost of living, environment, and
public transportation.
11. Paragraph Length
How long should a paragraph be?
- Paragraph divisions and length are determined by
the concept and the nature of the ideas developed
in that paragraph (Messuri, 2016).
- In general, most paragraphs range approximately
150-200 words (Langan, 2000; Nordquist, 2018).
- However, some paragraphs run a full
printed page or more, and others
may be only a few words length.
12. Cooking at Home and Prepared Foods
Cooking can be complicated, time-consuming, and expensive, so many
people today prefer to buy prepared foods for many reasons. The first reason is
cooking a meal from scratch can be difficult. It is necessary to buy fresh
ingredients in the shop or market and to know how they should be prepared
properly. If you are not a skilled cook, learning how to cook is the required process
before preparing food. Secondly, cooking takes a long time, and people who lead
busy lives simply do not have the time to cook. Having prepared foods can
eliminate all weekly cooking time as well as the need to go to the market. They
require only a few minutes to heat up before serving. Lastly, cooking can be high-
priced. Cooking for one or two people might be expensive and result in food
waste because some cooking ingredients are only available in big quantities. On
the contrary, buying prepared foods can be highly cost-effective, and no
ingredients are wasted. They are also readily available in supermarkets at
reasonable prices and offer several benefits. Given these advantages of
simplicity, time, and cost, prepared foods are the go-to solution for many people
today, and are likely to remain very popular in the future.
13. 1. What is the main purpose of the paragraph?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. What is the topic sentence in this paragraph?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3. What supporting information is provided to support the topic sentence?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4. What is the concluding sentence?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Many people today prefer to buy prepared foods instead of cooking at home because of t
he
difficulties, time-consuming, and expense of cooking.
Cooking can be complicated, time-consuming, and expensive, so many people today prefer to buy
prepared foods for many reasons.
Given these advantages of simplicity, time, and cost, prepared foods are the go-to solution for many
people today, and are likely to remain very popular in the future.
14. To Get Driving Licenses for Teenagers
It is time to lower the minimum age for driving license eligibility to 16 years old. The
first reason is teenagers must attend classes, have part-time jobs, and do social
activities, and they cannot always rely on public transport or their parents to act as
chauffeurs. The right to drive would significantly simplify their lives. Furthermore, it
would also make parents’ lives less stressful, especially when multiple children must be
driven to different destinations. If one older child holds a driving license, they can assist
with the driving duties. One further reason for allowing 16-year-olds to drive is that the
responsibility of driving will develop their maturity and confidence at an earlier age.
They will be less reliant upon their parents, and more independent in their daily lives.
Legislative changes permitting young people to drive when they turn 16 would
indisputably improve the lives of the teenagers themselves, and also those of their fam
ily members. Such measures should be considered as soon as possible.
15. Topic sentence:
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Major support 1:
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Major support 2:
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Major support 3:
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Concluding sentences:
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Lowering the minimum age for driving license eligibility to 16 will simplify teenagers' lives.
It would make parents' lives less stressful.
The responsibility of driving will develop teenagers' maturity and confidence at an earlie
r age.
It is time to lower the minimum age for driving license eligibility to 16 years old.
Legislative changes permitting young people to drive when they turn 16 would
indisputably improve the lives of the teenagers themselves, and also those of their family members. Such
measures should be considered as soon as possible.
16. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
Among the various causes of drug addiction, the most significant is peer pressure. The
influence of friends cannot be underestimated especially when concerning impression
able teenagers or young adults. Many teenagers cite a desire for social acceptance as
a reason for accepting offers of drugs or alcoholic drinks from peers. Furthermore, in
case of parents are not closely involved in a teenager’s life, they are even less likely to
resist the temptation of drugs. Many young people who use drugs due to as an escape
from the problems they face, ranging from anxiety to homelessness. They believe that
drugs might provide some respite. In other cases, young people face the pressure to
perform well in their education, their work, or in other activities, so they take drugs in the
hope of improving their performance. For instance, young people frequently rely on the
misuse of stimulants as "smart drugs" or study aids to boost their academic
achievement. On the whole, the problem of drug addiction leads to significant harm
both to young drug users and to society. It is therefore imperative that teenagers and
young adults in Thailand reject the use of drugs.
17. Drug addiction
is a dangerous
problem.
A.
The number of
drug addicts in
Thailand is
increasing every
year.
B.
Drug dealers are
primarily
responsible for
the problem of
drug addiction in
Thailand.
C.
The growing
problem of
drug addiction
among young
people in Thailand
can be
attributed to a
number of
factors.
D.
Choose the best topic sentence
18. Paragraph
Components
Unity
Unity is the term which
refers to a paragraph
discussing a single main
idea (Wali, 2020).
Coherence
Coherence means the
extent to which the
sentences within a
paragraph are
connected in a logical
manner.
19. Unity
Unity is the term which refers to a paragraph discussing a single
main idea (Wali, 2020).
Every sentence within the paragraph must be related to the
ideas expressed in the topic sentence.
If the paragraph lacks of unity, it will lose focus and make the
reader confused.
20. Unity
Paragraph unity can be achieved by following three key steps:
1.1 Write a topic sentence which has a suitable controlling idea.
1.2 Write supporting sentences connected to that topic
sentence.
1.3 Write a concluding sentence that either summarizes the
information presented in the paragraph, or restates the idea
presented in the topic sentence.
21. Sample Paragraph 1
I chose to take a part-time job at Betty’s Burger for three main reasons. It is quite
easy to apply online for a job there. My colleagues work at Betty’s Burger for various
reasons. Tim says it is convenient because it is not far from his house. Sarah wanted to
work there because her sister works there. Mike says he can work extra shifts at the
weekend and earn more money than he could anywhere else. I think Betty’s Burger is
a great place to work.
Read the paragraph below, and think about whether
or not it contains unity.
22. Sample Paragraph 2
I chose to take a part-time job at Betty’s Burger for a number of reasons. First of
all, as a student, I need a flexible working schedule. And Betty’s Burger allows me to
arrange my shifts, so I work when I don’t have any classes. Another advantage is that I
have the chance to work in different roles. Sometimes I work in the kitchen, so I have
learned a lot about hygiene standards and food preparation. Sometimes I work behind
the counter, take orders and deal with customers, so I can improve my communication
and service skills. Finally, hourly pay is quite a bit more than I could earn from other
burger outlets. Employees at Betty’s Burger receive an hourly wage of, on average,
$10.10. So overall I’m really happy while working here. This is why Betty’s Burger has been
the ideal place for me to work.
23. Sample Paragraph 3
In recent times there has been a notable increase in the popularity of online
educational courses. One reason is that studying online is much more flexible since the
materials and lectures can be viewed independently at the learner’s convenient time.
Secondly, online courses have now been available since the early 1990s. Such courses
are also cheaper than face-to-face courses. Additionally, the overall cost of the study is
also reduced by the absence of travel expenses. It is no longer necessary to eat on
campus or stay in a dormitory. Since there is no need to commute and live in the
university dorm, learners can also avoid transport costs. In summary, it is clear that
online courses have risen in popularity primarily because they are cheaper and more
flexible than traditional campus-based alternatives.
Secondly, technology has improved greatly since the first online courses in the 1990s, so
the quality and convenience of today’s courses make online study increasingly attractive
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30. Title text block &
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33. You can resize these icons
keeping the quality.
You can change the stroke
and fill color; just select the
icon and click on the paint
bucket/pen.
Icon
34. You can resize these icons
keeping the quality.
You can change the stroke
and fill color; just select the
icon and click on the paint
bucket/pen.
Icon
35. Thanks !
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