This document discusses entrepreneurship and appropriate technology in Nepal. It provides an overview of entrepreneurship concepts like minimum viable products and pivoting. It also analyzes Nepal's economy, imports, exports, and opportunities for appropriate technology interventions in sectors like agriculture, handicrafts, and tourism. Some challenges of serving base of the pyramid customers in Nepal are discussed, such as sourcing materials, social acceptance, and technology know-how. The document concludes by considering business models for appropriate technology products and services in Nepal, such as direct sales, distributors, pay-as-you-go models, and finding end-users who are not direct clients.
8. Starting point : BIG IDEA
Where to start from?
Problem?
Passion?
Strengths?
9. Minimum Viable Product
MVP is not necessarily
the
smallest product
imaginable
though; it is simply the
fastest
way to get through the
BML
feedback loop with
minimum
10. Case Study: Power for
expedition
Problem:
Large team (10-15)
Gadgets (radios, mobile phone, camera, laptop,
etc)
Temporary camps in off-grid area
Open area: Volatile weather
Solution: Portable power source
Lightweight
Durable
11. MVP : Portable solar kit
All input locally sourced
Rechargeable power source
Solar panels (20W size)
Foldable stand
Weatherproof Housing
Portable, bit bulky (15 kg)
3 times cheaper than imported
Happy Customer
13. Uncertainties overcomed
Go through Analogs and
Antilogs
Find out questions whose
answers you don’t get from the
A&As
Set your assumptions: Leap of
Faith
Build an organisation to test
assumptions
Every business plan begins with a set of
assumptions, how
to make sure your assumptions are right?
14. Pivot: Fail fast, Learn quickly
3M (Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing
Company)
started as a Mining company in
1902, but now does many things
except mining!
Adhesives, electronic materials,
medical products, car-care
products (sun films, polish, wax, car
shampoo), etc.
15. Idea vs Execution
First mover advantage is good, but not necessary
Idea is important, but execution is key
19. Macro analysis of Nepal (2015)
Total population: 28.51 million
Rural population: 81.75%
GDP: $21.19 billion
GDP growth: 2.7%
GNI per capita: $730
Inflation: 7.9%
44.74% land covered by Forests
Import oriented economy
20. Import and Export of Nepal
Export:
Rs 75,523,173,649 (2015)
India 61.3%, US 11.1%, Germany 4.1%, UK 3.5%
China 2.5%
Rs 64,695,533,342 (2009)
Import:
678,470,405,300 (2015)
India 60.9%, China 13.8%, UAE 4.6%, Indonesia
2%, Switzerland 1.5%
Rs 339,615,096,869 (2009)
Source: http://www.tepc.gov.np/
21. Export data 2009
S.N. Product Name Value (%)
1 Lentils 7.6
2 Carpet 7
3 Woven fabric obtained from strip 5.3
4 Non alloy steel~ coated with zinc 4.6
5 Non-alloy steel~ coated with corrugated zinc 4.2
6 Woolen shawls/ scarves/mufflers/mantillas/veils 2.8
7 Jute bags and sacks 2.7
8 Tubes/pipes and hollow profiles of iron and steel 2.4
9 Cardamom 2.4
10 Single yarn polyester staple fibres 2.2
11 Black tea fermented 2
12 Wire of iron or non-alloy steel 1.9
13 Vegetable Products 1.8
14 Pebbles/gravel/broken or crushed stone 1.6
15 Multiple or cabled yarn polyester staple fibres 1.5
22. Export data 2015
S.N. Product Name Value (%)
1 Carpet 9.7
2 Big Cardamon (Alaichi) 6.2
3 Woven fabric obtained from strip or the like 5.2
4 Woolen shawls/scarves/mufflers/mantillas/veils 3.7
5 Mixture of juices 3.3
6 Yarn of polyester staple fibres 3.2
7 Jute bags and sacks 2.7
8 Black tea fermented 2.6
9 Footwear with outer sole of rubber or plastics 2.4
10 Wire of iron or non-alloy steel plated or coated with zinc 2.3
11 Rosin and resin acid 2.1
12 Areca nuts 2.1
13 Woven fabric of jute or bast fibres 2.1
14 Tubes, pipes of iron or non alloy steel 1.8
15 Single yarn~ 85% or moreby weight of polyester staple fibres 1.8
23. Import data 2009
S.N. Product Name Value (%)
1 Gold semi-manufactured forms 12.2
2 High speed diesel oils and vapouring oils 6.3
3 M.S Billet 3.4
4 Motorcycle 2.2
5 Liquefied petroleum gases 2
6 Medicaments 1.9
7 Crude soyabean oil 1.8
8 Cement clinkers 1.5
9 Sprits including Petrol 1.5
10 Bar and rods of iron or non alloy steel 1.5
11 Portland cement 1.4
12 Chasis fitted with engine of bus and trucks 1.4
13 Betelnuts 1.3
14 Tractors 1.2
15 Telephone used for cellular or cordless networking 1.2
24. Import data 2015
S.N. Product Name Value (%)
1 High Speed Diesel 5.9
2 M.S Billet 3.2
3 Gold semi-manufactured forms 2.4
4 Liquefied petroleum gases 2.2
5 Telephone used for cellular or cordless networking 2.2
6 Milled rice 2.1
7 Medicaments 1.9
8 Motor Spirit (Petrol) 1.8
9 Silver unwrought 1.7
10 Crude soyabean oil 1.6
11 Aeroplane 1.5
12 Motorcycle 1.4
13 Flat rolled product of iron of a thickness less than 3mm 1.3
14 Coal 1.3
15 Urea Fertiliser 1.3
25. Appropriate Technology
Intermediate Technology-Dr. Ernst
Friedrich Schumacher in “Small is
Beautiful” (1973)
Jequier and Gerard (1993)
low investment cost per work
place;
low capital investment per unit of
output;
organisational simplicity;
high adaptability to a particular
social cultural environment;
sparing use of natural resources;
low cost of final product or high
potential for employment
Small-scale, decentralized, labor-
29. Challenges
Serving the Base of Pyramid
Finding right market channel
Sourcing input materials
Social Acceptance
Cost
Technology know-how
30. How to sell: Business Model?
B2B or B2C
Sell as Product
Direct sales
Distributor/Dealer
On-demand production
Sell as Service
Rental
Pay-as-you-go
Financing options: EMI/EQI
Disruptive model: End-users don’t have to be
your clients