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How many additional bits of data are represented by each symbol in 16-QAM compared with:
(a) QPSK ? (b) BPSK? (c) Using the figure below, determine, for a target BER of 1 0 3 , what is,
approximately, the SNR value (in dB ), required by each of: (i) QPSK (ii) 8 PSK (iii) 16 QAM
(d) What can you conclude in terms of power consumption to reach the target BER?

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