Arguments in favour of Distributed Generation with solar PV

1. 1
Centre for Fuel Studies and Research
A Case for Rooftop Solar with Self Consumption
4th Gujarat Working Group Meeting
K. N. Naik
K. N. Naik, CFSR26-06-2014

2. 2
Why do we need to Support Renewables and
more so Rooftop Solar?- A Long term View
26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR
1931 quotation from Thomas Edison:
“I’d put my money on the sun and solar energy. What a source
of power! I hope we don’t have to wait until oil and coal run out
before we tackle that.”

3. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3
Why do we need to Support Renewables and
more so Rooftop Solar?- A Long term View
•Potential
• Going by the 2011 Census, India has around 330 million
houses, with 140 million houses having proper roofs
which can accommodate on an average 1-3kWp of solar PV
system.
• there are other commercial buildings, shopping complexes
and offices that can accommodate larger solar PV
capacities.
• With an average of 300 sunny days a year and high solar
insolation, India has the capability of producing 5,000
trillion kilowatts of clean energy annually.

4. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 444
Why do we need to Support Renewables and
more so Rooftop Solar?- A Long term View
•Insurance against future price rise
• solar, wind or hydro systems do not have recurring fuel
costs.
• for an import dependent country like India the effect they
will have on energy security and positive effect on
balance of payments

5. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 5555
Why do we need to Support Renewables and
more so Rooftop Solar?- A Long term View
•Using the money as investment rather than
expenditure
• Instead of sending out money as one time expenditure on
purchase of fossil fuels year after year, if the same money
were used to create assets which generate power/energy at
zero input cost we would prevent future outflow of
foreign exchange, create more jobs and have a carbon free
energy base.
• Solar energy policies in Germany have resulted in a jobs
boom. More people work in Germany’s solar energy
sector than in its coal and nuclear sectors combined.

6. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 6
Why do we need to Support Renewables and
more so Rooftop Solar?- A Long term View
•Achieving Scale, Skills, Speed
• Once the solar rooftop achieves a certain size its cost
will benefit from advantage of scale, the country
will develop requisite skill base and with accumulated
experience the speed of implementation will also go
up. Once these three come together, the solar rooftop will
compete with fossil fuel based power on delivered cost
basis without any dole from government.

7. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 7
Why do we need to Support Renewables and
more so Rooftop Solar?- A Long term View
•Sustainable Growth
• Atmospheric carbon has climbed from less than 340 parts
per million (ppm) in 1978 to over 400 ppm this year.
• 2012 was the 36th straight year of above-average global
temperature, and 2011 and 2012 each produced more
extreme weather events costing over one billion dollars
each than any other year in recorded history
• Economic growth in terms of GDP has many costs
(largely to be paid for by future generations)like GHG
emissions, destruction of forests & other ecological
systems, over use of water, health problems related to
pollution etc. There is a dire need to move to an energy
system which eliminates above ills.

8. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 8
Why do we need to Support Renewables and
more so Rooftop Solar?- A Long term View
•Sustainable Growth
“Yet the gross national product does not allow for the health of
our children, the quality of their education or the joy of their
play. It does not include the beauty of our poetry or the strength
of our marriages, the intelligence of our public debate or the
integrity of our public officials. It measures neither our wit nor
our courage, neither our wisdom nor our learning, neither our
compassion nor our devotion to our country. It measures
everything in short, except that which makes life worthwhile.”
—Robert F. Kennedy.

9. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 926-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 926-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 926-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 9
Why do we need to Support Renewables and
more so Rooftop Solar?- A Long term View
•Sustainable Growth
•In this climate and resource constrained world,
improving energy efficiency and developing
renewable energy is the only sensible strategy.
•At least 118 countries have renewable energy
targets; 65 countries now follow the model of
Germany’s Renewable Energy Act and offer
predictable feed-in-tariffs to renewable energy
producers. About half of the estimated 208 GW
of new electric capacity added globally in 2011
came from renewable sources.

10. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 10
Why do we need to Support Renewables and
more so Rooftop Solar?- A Long term View
•Advantages of Rooftop Solar
• Enhanced Energy security
• Lower electricity bill
• Decrease in transmission and distribution losses
• Avoidance of investment in T&D Augmentation
• Low gestation time
• Improvement of tail-end grid voltages
• No additional land
• Diesel consumption offset
• Local employment generation
• substantial benefits in terms of providing peaking
supply of power
• Distribution of benefits of the government schemes over a
much larger mass-Inclusive growth

11. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 11
Major Enabling Factors
for Promoting Rooftop Solar
•Price of the System
• The solar rooftop system has two components-
Hardware cost and SOFT COSTS
• Paperwork for renewables was streamlined in
Germany. Nearly every element of the transaction
is simpler and cheaper.
• In Germany there are no fees, and only a simple,
one-page online registration is required. There's
also no sales tax for solar installations, and
permission to connect your system to the local
utility is a given.

12. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 12
Major Enabling Factors
for Promoting Rooftop Solar
•Promoting and Supporting Storage along with
rooftop Solar
• The German Federal Ministry of Environment
announced plans to introduce incentives for energy
storage, especially storage for solar photovoltaic
systems, this year. It’s likely that a lot more self-
consumption of solar power will occur.

13. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1326-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1326-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1326-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1326-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1326-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1326-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1326-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 13
Major Enabling Factors
for Promoting Rooftop Solar
•Financing
• A new and growing solution to this energy finance
problem is called the “green bank” or “clean energy
bank” -- government-created institutions that help
facilitate private sector financing for clean technology
projects. Connecticut was the first state to open a
green bank in 2011, and New York opened a green bank
in February 2013.
• In California, around 75% of new solar homeowners are
getting solar leases. (In India you easily get “zero down
payment-zero interest” loans for purchasing luxury
white goods but not for need based Solar Rooftop as
yet.)

14. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 14
Major Enabling Factors
for Promoting Rooftop Solar
•Financing
• Mosaic, Sungage Financial and the green bank of the of
Connecticut have agreed to offer USD 5 million in
crowdsourced loans to homeowners seeking to install
solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. The loan also
incorporates key protections for homeowners including
guarantees on system performance.
• Hawaii has On-Bill Repayment (OBR) programs that
allow property owners and tenants to finance clean
energy retrofits directly through their utility bills with
no upfront cost.

15. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1526-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1526-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1526-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1526-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1526-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1526-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1526-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1526-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1526-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 15
Major Enabling Factors
for Promoting Rooftop Solar
•Agencies which provide comprehensive
services
• We need agencies like SolarCity/ Sungevity which
arrange finance, co-ordination with government
agencies, supply-install and maintain the system.
• Fortunately, in India too at least one agency-Su Kam-
is providing such services in some states. We need
many more like them to facilitate the prospective
rooftop system owners.

16. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 16
Major Enabling Factors
for Promoting Rooftop Solar
•Building New Real Estate Packaged with Solar
 It is important that the new housing schemes are
encouraged to be solar rooftop compliant and indeed put
up solar rooftop-PV and thermal- abinitio.
 KB Home today announced that homebuyers at all of its
communities in Arizona now have the opportunity to own
a solar-powered KB home.
 Holt Logistics had installed a 9 MW solar power plant on
its massive warehouse.

17. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 17
Major Enabling Factors
for Promoting Rooftop Solar
•Building New Real Estate Packaged with Solar
Daimler India’s rooftop solar plant above their warehouse
in Chennai

18. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 1826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 18
Major Enabling Factors
for Promoting Rooftop Solar
•Voluntary Green Partnership Like US EPA

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Major Enabling Factors
for Promoting Rooftop Solar
•Policy for Energy Independence
 Germany and Italy have the highest cumulative installed
PV capacity with 24.6 GW and 12.7 GW respectively as of
2011. Over 60% of the capacities in both countries are in
the form of RTPV systems, both in the residential and
commercial segments. In Europe, of a total of 50.6 GW PV
capacity, over 50% (26 GW) is in the rooftop segment.
 In Germany, out of total 63000 MW of renewable capacity
67% is distributed Generation without loading the grid
 Italy also allows for a 30% premium for rooftop systems if
installed in conjunction with energy efficiency measures.

20. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 20
Major Enabling Factors
for Promoting Rooftop Solar
•Policy for Energy Independence
 In UK plans to turn the Government estate as well as
factories, supermarkets and car parks into “solar hubs”
have been outlined in a new strategy. The Solar Strategy
sets out the Governments ambition to see solar rolled out
more widely and with it the potential to support tens of
thousands of jobs.
We want to move the emphasis for growth away from
large solar farms and instead focus on opening up the
solar market for the UK’s estimated 250,000 hectares of
south facing commercial rooftops.
- UK Energy Minister

21. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 21
Major Enabling Factors
for Promoting Rooftop Solar
•Policy for Energy Independence
 The Chinese government aims to have at least 60 percent
of all solar capacity in 2014 to come from rooftop
installations.
 Net-metering is popular in the USA (43 states have it in
place, but specific rules vary from state to state), and the
Energy Policy Act of 2005 further mandates all public
electricity utilities to make net metering option available
to all their customers.

22. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 22
Major Enabling Factors
for Promoting Rooftop Solar
• The largest self-consumption rooftop solar array in
Europe is located in Germany. It is eleven hectares in
size, consists of 33,000 solar panels, and has a
generation capacity of 8.1 MW on top of the Pfenning
Logistics distribution centre.
• This demonstrates that large solar plants could also be
for self-consumption and not load the existing grid or
warrant expansion of grid. So along with residential
rooftops, commercial, industrial and public rooftops
(like Railway and bus stations, hotels, hospitals, malls,
multiplexes, office buildings and colleges need to be
encouraged/mandated to have rooftop solar.)

23. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2326-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2326-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2326-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2326-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2326-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2326-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2326-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2326-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2326-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2326-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2326-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2326-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2326-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 23
Policy Environment in India
for Promoting Rooftop Solar
India has seen announcements of several
new state level rooftop centric policies and
net-metering regulations in the last one
year.

24. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 24
Major Enabling Factors
for Promoting Rooftop Solar
 Kerala’s net metering policy is by far the best consumer
oriented net-metering policy. The policy does not set an
upper cap on amount of energy that can be banked. The
policy also prescribes that the DISCOM shall pay the
consumer the Average Pooled Purchase Cost (APPC) of INR
1.99/kWh for the excess energy injected onto the grid
after the banking settlement – a first in India.
 The policy by Kerala is reminiscent of the 1000 rooftop
programme started in the 1990s by Germany. The off-grid
systems under the 10,000 rooftop programme in Kerala
will be of 1 kW size each, and comes with battery storage.
Instead of a FiT, the project owners will get upfront
capital subsidies.
 The policy by Kerala is reminiscent of the 1000 rooftop
programme started in the 1990s by Germany.

25. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2526-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2526-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2526-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2526-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2526-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2526-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2526-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2526-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2526-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2526-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2526-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2526-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2526-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2526-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2526-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 25
Major Enabling Factors
for Promoting Rooftop Solar
 Andhra Pradesh’s policy that is limited only to consumers that
have three phase connections. (weeding out the common man
from benefits)
 Consumer will generate solar power for self-consumption and
feed excess power into the grid.
 As per Gujarat policy the allocation is given to 2 large developers,
whereas in Kerala, the allocation is given to 10,000 individual
households.
(The scheme hands over the opportunity to large corporates
rather than individual citizens.)
 As per Rajasthan policy the scheme hands over the opportunity
to large corporates rather than individual citizens.
 Haryana’s solar policy targets commercial and industrial entities.
(The scheme hands over the opportunity to large corporates
rather than individual citizens.)

26. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2626-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 26
Major Enabling Factors
for Promoting Rooftop Solar
 Tamil Nadu Net Metering for Rooftop Solar PV encourages
hybrid generator and in this case, separate sets of meters
have to be adopted at the rooftop solar SPG (Solar Power
Generator) and WEG (Wind Energy Generator ) ends
 Generation Based Incentive (GBI) would be credited at
the end of the billing month
 consumers would install RTPV and first use the solar
generation for their own consumption, and feed in
only excess RTPV generation into the utility grid.
 Excess energy generation if available at the end of the
year may be paid by TANGEDCO at 75% of the solar
tariff fixed by the commission
 the state policy targets 350 MW of rooftop
installations by 2015, out of which 50 MW will on
residential rooftops.

27. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2726-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 27
Major Enabling Factors
for Promoting Rooftop Solar
 As per Punjab Net Metering policy for Rooftop Solar PV
Individual households, industries, offices, commercial
establishments, institutions, residential complexes etc.
are eligible
 Consumers will generate solar power for self-
consumption and can feed excess power into the grid.
 Banking – In the case of net surplus injected/exported
to the grid then this quantum of energy is treated as
energy banked with the grid in the next billing cycle
 at the beginning of the each financial year, the
cumulative banked energy is reset to zero

28. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2826-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 28
Major Enabling Factors
for Promoting Rooftop Solar
 As per Uttarakhand Net Metering policy for Rooftop Solar
PV Connectivity of such projects will be either at 33 kV/
11 kV three phase lines or 440/220 Volt three/single
phase line depending on system installed.
 setting rooftop SPV systems which would replace DG
gensets
 Load up to 4 kW – low voltage single phase supply
 As per Chhattisgarh Net Metering policy for Rooftop Solar
PV Rooftop PV projects with a capacity more than 50 kW
and up to 1 MW are eligible (So the common citizens are
barred from getting the benefits)
 For any energy injected into the distribution
system in excess to 49% of annual net generation of
the project, no payment will be made

29. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2926-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2926-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2926-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2926-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2926-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2926-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2926-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2926-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2926-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2926-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2926-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2926-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2926-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2926-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2926-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2926-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2926-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2926-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 2926-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 29
Major Enabling Factors
for Promoting Rooftop Solar
 As per West Bengal Net Metering policy for Rooftop Solar
PV
 promoting self-consumption
 Solar generation would first offset consumption in the
highest tariff slab and then the lower slab.
 Buildings with a certain minimum load will have to
meet some electricity needs through RTPV
 policy prescribes a penetration limit of 50% of every
distribution transformer capacity. This limit is
significantly higher than Delhi’s limit of 15% and
Tamil Nadu’s limit of 30%.
 grid-integrated rooftop PV is allowed only for
institutional consumers

30. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3026-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 30
Food for Thought
While comparing the economics of rooftop solar
versus grid tied large scale plants-both solar and
fossil fuel based- what is conveniently forgotten is
the capital expenditure on T&D grid
augmentation and T&D losses. Even in case of
grid connected rooftops, an important lesson that
USA learnt after Superstorm Sandy needs to be
kept in mind. The hardware should be such that
the system continues to supply power for captive
users even in the event of grid failure.

31. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3126-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 31
Food for Thought
Based on comparative life-cycle analyses of power
sources, PV electricity as compared to coal based
power:
contributes 96 percent to 98 percent less
greenhouse gases
uses 86 to 89 percent less water
occupies or transforms over 80 percent less land
presents approximately 95 percent lower
toxicity to humans
contributes 92 to 97 percent less to acid rain

32. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3226-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 32
Food for Thought- Utility Perspectives
We expect to be soon to market with a robust platform
offering rooftop solar to homes and businesses and
other forms of sustainable and clean generation that
will offer our customers the ability to dramatically
reduce their dependence on system power from the
centralized grid.
NRG Energy’s (A Utility) CEO’s vision of future
My dream, my vision is that RWE will put solar panels
on your roof, a battery in your shed, a heat pump in
your cellar, and we will also manage this complex
energy system for you. We want to be the holistic
energy manager of the future.
RWE (A Utility) CEO’s vision of future

33. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 33

34. 26-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 3426-06-2014 K. N. Naik, CFSR 34
Food for Thought
The slogan needs to be solar rooftop for
self-consumption.