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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What factors affect loan funding times ā€“ Summary * Through to the end of August 2009; ** What ā€œQualityā€ of description means is elaborated on slide 6 Note: The quantitative analysis in this presentation should be seen as a rough guide, rather than an exact measurement Sector (2,17,24) Region (3,15,16) Length of description (4) Picture related to business (4) Smiling entrep-reneur (4) Young entrep-reneur (4) Quality of Photo (5) Entrepreneur looks affluent (5) Colorful  photos (6) ā€œ Qualityā€ of description** (6) Name of entrepreneur (6) Gender  (18,24) Loan size (14,20,24) Demand for loans (25) (Figures in brackets represent the slide numbers that support the hypotheses);  Quantitative analysis ,  Qualitative analysis Video (19) No of entrepre-neurs (12,13) Risk rating (21,22) Less important More important
1. Qualitative analysis: Comparison of 50 fast and 50 slow-funding loans Breakdown of loans by sector ,[object Object],[object Object],Source: Analysis of 50 randomly-selected fast-funding loans and 50 randomly-selected slow-funding loans % of loans Food Personal use Manufacturing Services Clothing Transport Retail Agriculture
1. Qualitative analysis: Comparison of 50 fast and 50 slow-funding loans  Breakdown of loans by region ,[object Object],[object Object],Source: Analysis of 50 randomly-selected fast-funding loans and 50 randomly-selected slow-funding loans % of loans Central America Eastern Europe Central Asia South America Africa East Asia
1. Qualitative analysis: Comparison of 50 fast and 50 slow-funding loans  Description length, smiling entrepreneurs, age of entrepreneurs 18% 10% 70% 915 28.3 841.5 $1,785 50 Slow Younger entrepreneurs do appear to have faster funding times 38% % young Smiling entrepreneurs do appear to have faster funding times 46% % smiling No obvious impact 72% % picture related to business Long descriptions do not necessarily result in fast funding 842 Description length 0.1 Avg funding time per dollar (mins) 0.6 Avg funding time (hours) Slow-funding loans are larger $565 Avg loan size 50 No of loans Fast
Does the entrepreneur look affluent? Number of loans Quality of photo ,[object Object],[object Object],1. Qualitative analysis: Comparison of 50 fast and 50 slow-funding loans  Affluence of entrepreneur and quality of photo Number of loans Fast-funding loans Slow-funding loans Fast-funding loans Slow-funding loans
1. Qualitative analysis: Comparison of 50 fast and 50 slow-funding loans  Qualitative analysis of fast and slow-funding loans ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fast-funding loans Slow-funding loans
1. Qualitative analysis: Comparison of 50 fast and 50 slow-funding loans  Fast-funding loan ā€“ example Young Store is sparse ā€“ does not look affluent Smiling No interesting fact, but she does say ā€œthanks to all Kiva lendersā€ Sub-Saharan Africa ,[object Object],[object Object],colorful clothes
Anonymized 1. Qualitative analysis: Comparison of 50 fast and 50 slow-funding loans  Slow-funding loan ā€“ example Middle-aged Wearing a suit ā€“ looks affluent Not smiling Clearly already owns a well-established store No ā€œhookā€ in the description. No interesting facts, no ā€œthanks to Kiva lendersā€ Says ā€œmaximize his profitsā€, rather than ā€œescape from povertyā€ Central Asia ,[object Object],[object Object]
2. Quantitative analysis: All loans Africa accounts for around 30% of all loans Sub-Saharan Africa South America East Asia Central Asia Central  America 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 20% 40% 60% 80% USA Pacific Middle East Eastern Europe 100% Loan value by region and sector $89.9m loan value; Data until August 31 st  2009 Food Retail Agriculture Services Clothing Transport Construction Other $24.6m $20.8m $15.4m $9.2m $7.8m $2.7m $2.4m $7.1m $89.9m
2. Quantitative analysis: All loans Around 75% of loans are made to women Sub-Saharan Africa South America East Asia Central Asia Central  America 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 20% 40% 60% 80% USA Pacific Middle East Eastern Europe 100% Female Male $67.4m $22.5m $89.9m Loan value by region and gender $89.9m loan value; Data until August 31 st  2009
2. Quantitative analysis: All loans Group loans are more common in Africa and South America Sub-Saharan Africa South America East Asia Central Asia Central  America 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 20% 40% 60% 80% USA Pacific Middle East Eastern Europe 100% Loan value by region and group size $89.9m loan value; Data until August 31 st  2009 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - 10 11 - 20 > 20* $68.7m $0.5m $1.3m $7.7m $2.6m $7.9m $1.4m $89.9m * > 20 entrepreneurs in a group
2. Quantitative analysis: All loans Group loans fund more quickly than single loans 0 1 2 3 4 5 $0m $10m $20m $30m $40m $50m $60m $70m $80m $90m Funding time: Single vs. group loans $89.9m loan value; Data until August 31 st  2009 Average minutes to fund per dollar Single loans Group loans Loan value Group loans 1.3x faster
2. Quantitative analysis: All loans The larger the group, the quicker the funding time 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 $0m $2m $4m $6m $8m $10m $12m $14m $16m $18m $20m $22m Funding time: Number of entrepreneurs $21.3m loan value; Data until August 31 st  2009 Average minutes to fund per dollar 3 4 - 6 7 - 10 11 - 20 > 20 Loan value Large groups 2.6x faster than groups of 3 ā€“ 6 entrepreneurs
2. Quantitative analysis: All loans Loan size appears to have little impact on funding time Funding time: Loan size $89.9m loan value; Data until August 31 st  2009 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 $0m $10m $20m $30m $40m $50m $60m $70m $80m $90m < $400 $401 - 600 $601 - 800 $801 ā€“ 1,000 $1,001 ā€“ 1,500 $1,501 - $3,000 > $3,000 Average minutes to fund per dollar Loan value
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $0m $10m $20m $30m $40m $50m $60m $70m $80m $90m 2. Quantitative analysis: All loans Region has a significant impact on funding time Funding time: By region $89.9m loan value; Data until August 31 st  2009 Loan value Average minutes to fund per dollar Eastern Europe Africa South America East Asia Middle East Central Asia Central America Pacific North America Other Africa 1.9x faster than Central Asia
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 $0m $10m $20m $30m $40m $50m $60m $70m $80m $90m 2. Quantitative analysis: All loans Of the countries with over $2m in loan value, Nicaragua has the slowest funding time; 4 African countries have the fastest Funding time: By country $89.9m loan value; 17 countries with over $2m in loan value; Data until August 31 st  2009 Average minutes to fund per dollar Loan value Nicaragua Tajikistan Azerbaijan Lebanon Cambodia Vietnam Bolivia Nigeria Pakistan Togo Paraguay Peru Mexico Uganda Tanzania Ghana Kenya Other Eastern Europe Africa South America East Asia Middle East Central Asia Central America Pacific North America Other Uganda, Tanzania, Ghana and Kenya on average 3.0x faster than Nicaragua
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $0m $10m $20m $30m $40m $50m $60m $70m $80m $90m 2. Quantitative analysis: All loans Sector does not appear to have a significant impact on funding time Funding time: By sector $89.9m loan value; Data until August 31 st  2009 Average minutes to fund per dollar Loan value Food $24.6m Retail $20.8m Agriculture $15.4m Services $9.2m Clothing $7.8m Transport $2.7m Construction $2.4m Other $7.1m $89.9m Food, Services and Agriculture on average 1.3x faster than Clothing and Retail
2. Quantitative analysis: All loans Gender appears to significantly impact funding time Funding time: Loan size $89.9m loan value; Data until August 31 st  2009 Average minutes to fund per dollar Loan value Women fund 1.5x faster than men 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 $0m $10m $20m $30m $40m $50m $60m $70m $80m $90m
2. Quantitative analysis: All loans Videos appear to reduce funding time (although it is a small sample size) Funding time: Loans with videos $89.9m loan value; Data until August 31 st  2009 Average minutes to fund per dollar Loan value: $137k Loan value: $89,808k
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 $0m $10m $20m $30m $40m $50m $60m $70m 2. Quantitative analysis: All loans  Larger loans do appear to take longer to fund for single entrepreneurs  Funding time: Loan size $68.7m loan value; Single entrepreneurs only; Data until August 31 st  2009 Average minutes to fund per dollar Loan value < $400 $401 - 600 $601 - 800 $801 ā€“ 1,000 $1,001 ā€“ 1,500 $1,501 - $3,000 > $3,000
0 1 2 3 4 5 $0m $10m $20m $30m $40m $50m $60m $70m $80m $90m 2. Quantitative analysis: All loans  Partner star rating does not appear to significantly impact funding time  Funding time: Partner star rating $89.9m loan value; Data until August 31 st  2009 Average minutes to fund per dollar Loan value 1 2 3 4 5 Note: Partner star rating reflects the risk factor of that partner (MFI). A star rating of 5 represents the least risky MFIs
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $0m $1m $2m $3m $4m $5m $6m $7m $8m $9m $10m $11m 2. Quantitative analysis: All loans  Currency risk rating does not appear to significantly impact funding time Funding time: Currency risk rating $10.0m loan value; Data from June 25 th  until August 31 st  2009 Average minutes to fund per dollar Loan value Partner takes all foreign exchange risk Lender shares some foreign exchange risk
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2. Quantitative analysis: All loans Quantitative analysis of loan funding times ā€“ Conclusions
Impact of gender on loan funding time Average minutes to fund per dollar Impact of sector on loan funding time Average minutes to fund per dollar Impact of loan size on loan funding time Average minutes to fund per dollar Women get funded twice as quickly as men 3. Quantitative analysis: Tajikistan loans Gender and sector affect loan funding times; loan size does not Services appears to be the fastest-funding sector, transportation appears to be the slowest However, these are relatively small sample sizes Surprisingly, agriculture appears to be relatively slow-funding Loan size appears to have relatively little effect on average funding times per dollar # of loans 3,778 3,978 215 2,881 1,516 1,101 1,378 363 302 1,249 1,218 1,404 1,397 2,488 Source: 7,756 Tajikistan loans with at least  3 lenders contributing to them
Average minutes to fund per dollar Average funding time per dollar Tajikistan loans, March 2007 - present Source: 7,756 Tajikistan loans with at least 3 lenders contributing to them 3. Quantitative analysis: Tajikistan loans  Changes in loan funding time over time ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],4. How can MFIs ā€œimproveā€ their content?  So what can an MFI do to ā€œimproveā€ their content? Type of loan A Photo and video B Description C Name of business D
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],4. How can MFIs ā€œimproveā€ their content?  A) Type of loan
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],4. How can MFIs ā€œimproveā€ their content?  B) Photo and video
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],4. How can MFIs ā€œimproveā€ their content?  C) Description Fast-funding ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slow-funding Example: ā€œ Entrepreneur Y is 61 years old and lives in the municipality of Sibalom in  beautiful  Antique Province. She is  blessed  with five sons; the oldest is 32 and the youngest is 19. Her husband, Vilmado, is a farmer. Nelly will use the 14,000 pesos from this loan to buy inventory for her sari-sari variety store and to buy a  sidecar for a motorcycle taxi .  &quot;Sari&quot; means various in Tagalog , and  sari-sari stores can be seen all over the Philippines . The stores usually sell basic foodstuffs, beverages, and other household items. Nelly has had her sari-sari store for two years. Nelly hopes to one day have a larger store, and  wants her sons to enjoy a stable life .ā€  Example: ā€œ Entrepreneur X is a resident of Location Y. He is 31 years old, is married and has 1 child. Mr X has a high school education. He has a sales location at the market. He sells womenā€™s and menā€™s perfume. He has been in this business for 3 years. Mr X uses the profits from his business to support his family. At the moment, Mr X would like to increase the product assortment at his sales location. He plans to pay back the loan over 10 months.ā€
[object Object],[object Object],4. How can MFIs ā€œimproveā€ their content?  D) Name of business

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What factors affect loan funding times

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  • 4. 1. Qualitative analysis: Comparison of 50 fast and 50 slow-funding loans Description length, smiling entrepreneurs, age of entrepreneurs 18% 10% 70% 915 28.3 841.5 $1,785 50 Slow Younger entrepreneurs do appear to have faster funding times 38% % young Smiling entrepreneurs do appear to have faster funding times 46% % smiling No obvious impact 72% % picture related to business Long descriptions do not necessarily result in fast funding 842 Description length 0.1 Avg funding time per dollar (mins) 0.6 Avg funding time (hours) Slow-funding loans are larger $565 Avg loan size 50 No of loans Fast
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  • 9. 2. Quantitative analysis: All loans Africa accounts for around 30% of all loans Sub-Saharan Africa South America East Asia Central Asia Central America 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 20% 40% 60% 80% USA Pacific Middle East Eastern Europe 100% Loan value by region and sector $89.9m loan value; Data until August 31 st 2009 Food Retail Agriculture Services Clothing Transport Construction Other $24.6m $20.8m $15.4m $9.2m $7.8m $2.7m $2.4m $7.1m $89.9m
  • 10. 2. Quantitative analysis: All loans Around 75% of loans are made to women Sub-Saharan Africa South America East Asia Central Asia Central America 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 20% 40% 60% 80% USA Pacific Middle East Eastern Europe 100% Female Male $67.4m $22.5m $89.9m Loan value by region and gender $89.9m loan value; Data until August 31 st 2009
  • 11. 2. Quantitative analysis: All loans Group loans are more common in Africa and South America Sub-Saharan Africa South America East Asia Central Asia Central America 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 20% 40% 60% 80% USA Pacific Middle East Eastern Europe 100% Loan value by region and group size $89.9m loan value; Data until August 31 st 2009 1 2 3 4 - 6 7 - 10 11 - 20 > 20* $68.7m $0.5m $1.3m $7.7m $2.6m $7.9m $1.4m $89.9m * > 20 entrepreneurs in a group
  • 12. 2. Quantitative analysis: All loans Group loans fund more quickly than single loans 0 1 2 3 4 5 $0m $10m $20m $30m $40m $50m $60m $70m $80m $90m Funding time: Single vs. group loans $89.9m loan value; Data until August 31 st 2009 Average minutes to fund per dollar Single loans Group loans Loan value Group loans 1.3x faster
  • 13. 2. Quantitative analysis: All loans The larger the group, the quicker the funding time 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 $0m $2m $4m $6m $8m $10m $12m $14m $16m $18m $20m $22m Funding time: Number of entrepreneurs $21.3m loan value; Data until August 31 st 2009 Average minutes to fund per dollar 3 4 - 6 7 - 10 11 - 20 > 20 Loan value Large groups 2.6x faster than groups of 3 ā€“ 6 entrepreneurs
  • 14. 2. Quantitative analysis: All loans Loan size appears to have little impact on funding time Funding time: Loan size $89.9m loan value; Data until August 31 st 2009 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 $0m $10m $20m $30m $40m $50m $60m $70m $80m $90m < $400 $401 - 600 $601 - 800 $801 ā€“ 1,000 $1,001 ā€“ 1,500 $1,501 - $3,000 > $3,000 Average minutes to fund per dollar Loan value
  • 15. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $0m $10m $20m $30m $40m $50m $60m $70m $80m $90m 2. Quantitative analysis: All loans Region has a significant impact on funding time Funding time: By region $89.9m loan value; Data until August 31 st 2009 Loan value Average minutes to fund per dollar Eastern Europe Africa South America East Asia Middle East Central Asia Central America Pacific North America Other Africa 1.9x faster than Central Asia
  • 16. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 $0m $10m $20m $30m $40m $50m $60m $70m $80m $90m 2. Quantitative analysis: All loans Of the countries with over $2m in loan value, Nicaragua has the slowest funding time; 4 African countries have the fastest Funding time: By country $89.9m loan value; 17 countries with over $2m in loan value; Data until August 31 st 2009 Average minutes to fund per dollar Loan value Nicaragua Tajikistan Azerbaijan Lebanon Cambodia Vietnam Bolivia Nigeria Pakistan Togo Paraguay Peru Mexico Uganda Tanzania Ghana Kenya Other Eastern Europe Africa South America East Asia Middle East Central Asia Central America Pacific North America Other Uganda, Tanzania, Ghana and Kenya on average 3.0x faster than Nicaragua
  • 17. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $0m $10m $20m $30m $40m $50m $60m $70m $80m $90m 2. Quantitative analysis: All loans Sector does not appear to have a significant impact on funding time Funding time: By sector $89.9m loan value; Data until August 31 st 2009 Average minutes to fund per dollar Loan value Food $24.6m Retail $20.8m Agriculture $15.4m Services $9.2m Clothing $7.8m Transport $2.7m Construction $2.4m Other $7.1m $89.9m Food, Services and Agriculture on average 1.3x faster than Clothing and Retail
  • 18. 2. Quantitative analysis: All loans Gender appears to significantly impact funding time Funding time: Loan size $89.9m loan value; Data until August 31 st 2009 Average minutes to fund per dollar Loan value Women fund 1.5x faster than men 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 $0m $10m $20m $30m $40m $50m $60m $70m $80m $90m
  • 19. 2. Quantitative analysis: All loans Videos appear to reduce funding time (although it is a small sample size) Funding time: Loans with videos $89.9m loan value; Data until August 31 st 2009 Average minutes to fund per dollar Loan value: $137k Loan value: $89,808k
  • 20. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 $0m $10m $20m $30m $40m $50m $60m $70m 2. Quantitative analysis: All loans Larger loans do appear to take longer to fund for single entrepreneurs Funding time: Loan size $68.7m loan value; Single entrepreneurs only; Data until August 31 st 2009 Average minutes to fund per dollar Loan value < $400 $401 - 600 $601 - 800 $801 ā€“ 1,000 $1,001 ā€“ 1,500 $1,501 - $3,000 > $3,000
  • 21. 0 1 2 3 4 5 $0m $10m $20m $30m $40m $50m $60m $70m $80m $90m 2. Quantitative analysis: All loans Partner star rating does not appear to significantly impact funding time Funding time: Partner star rating $89.9m loan value; Data until August 31 st 2009 Average minutes to fund per dollar Loan value 1 2 3 4 5 Note: Partner star rating reflects the risk factor of that partner (MFI). A star rating of 5 represents the least risky MFIs
  • 22. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $0m $1m $2m $3m $4m $5m $6m $7m $8m $9m $10m $11m 2. Quantitative analysis: All loans Currency risk rating does not appear to significantly impact funding time Funding time: Currency risk rating $10.0m loan value; Data from June 25 th until August 31 st 2009 Average minutes to fund per dollar Loan value Partner takes all foreign exchange risk Lender shares some foreign exchange risk
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  • 24. Impact of gender on loan funding time Average minutes to fund per dollar Impact of sector on loan funding time Average minutes to fund per dollar Impact of loan size on loan funding time Average minutes to fund per dollar Women get funded twice as quickly as men 3. Quantitative analysis: Tajikistan loans Gender and sector affect loan funding times; loan size does not Services appears to be the fastest-funding sector, transportation appears to be the slowest However, these are relatively small sample sizes Surprisingly, agriculture appears to be relatively slow-funding Loan size appears to have relatively little effect on average funding times per dollar # of loans 3,778 3,978 215 2,881 1,516 1,101 1,378 363 302 1,249 1,218 1,404 1,397 2,488 Source: 7,756 Tajikistan loans with at least 3 lenders contributing to them
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