6. 5. ขอบเขตของ “Legal Services”
MTN.GNS/W/120 VS. CPC 1991
86111 = legal advisory and representation services concerning
criminal law
86119 = legal advisory and representation services concerning
other fields of law
86120 = legal advisory and representation in statutory
procedures of quasi-judicial tribunals, boards, etc
86130 = legal documentation and certification services
86119 = other legal and advisory information
7. 5. ขอบเขตของ “Legal Services”
MTN.GNS/W/120 VS. CPC 1991
86111 = legal advisory and representation services concerning
criminal law
86119 = legal advisory and representation services concerning
other fields of law
86120 = legal advisory and representation in statutory
procedures of quasi-judicial tribunals, boards, etc
86130 = legal documentation and certification services
86119 = other legal and advisory information
8. 6. ลักษณะของงานบริ การด้ านกฎหมาย
งานในกระบวนการยุตธรรม = ตารวจ อัยการ ผู้พพากษา กรมราชทัณฑ์
ิ
ิ
(goods = govt procurement GPA)
= monopoly of state
งานบริ การด้ านกฎหมาย
economic globalization (ธุรกิจระหว่างประเทศ)
= corporate restructuring, privatization,
cross – border mergers and
acquisition,
intellectual property rights, new
financial
instruments and competition law
7. Why US and British law firms?
(a) competitive advantage for complex business
transactions
(b) English law and New York law
ยกตัวอย่างเช่น คดี Pizza Huts
10. 1.
2.
3.
4.
residency requirement ใน mode 4 (180 วัน / ปี ของบางประเทศ)
legal domicile
ต้ องจบการศึกษานิติศาสตร์ บณฑิตจากมหาวิทยาลัยใน host country (เลือกปฏิบติ
ั
ั
ต่อนักกฎหมายต่างชาติ) (Article XVII)
Language requirement, รับรองใบปริญญาเฉพาะคนชาติที่จบการศึกษาจาก
ต่างประเทศ, ต้ องแข่งขันได้ ดีใน home country หรือ ต้ องมีสวนร่วมอย่างแข็งขันใน
่
ธุรกิจ
Domestic Regulation (Article VI) (อานาจอธิปไตยของรัฐ)
•
•
qualification requirement and licensing measure
host country law qualification requirement VS. home + third
e.g. foreign law business lawyer (gaikoku no jimubengoshi)
11. Table 15.A6: Level of commitments in legal services by
mode of supply
(Percentages of full, partial and no commitments)
Mode of Supply
Ful
l
Cross-border
supply
22
18
*
Consumption
abroad
Commercial
presence
Market Access Partial
No
Full
National treatment
Partial
No
62
67*
16
16
*
22
60
18
31
24
*
60
67*
9
9*
31
58
11
13
4*
78
87*
9
9*
16
76
9
Natural persons
2
91
7
2
91
7
*Percentage taking account of horizontal commitments applicable to all
2*
91*
7*
sectors.
Source: WTO Secretariat.
12. Table 15.A7: Types of measures scheduled in legal services
(Taking account of horizontal measures applicable to all
sectors)
Market Access
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3
Mode 4
Value of transaction or assets
8
Number of natural persons
4
26
18
2
8
2
Types of legal entity
4
2
Participation of foreign capital
Other market access measure
1
3
12
Total
5
5
50
30
Mode 3
Mode 4
National Treatment
Mode 1
Mode 2
Financial measures
1
Nationality and residency requirements
6
2
16
11
Licensing, standards, qualifications
7
2
12
11
Registration requirements
4
1
7
4
1
1
Authorization requirements
Local content, training requirements
Other national treatment measure
Total
1
2
1
6
5
19
6
43
33
*Percentage taking account of horizontal commitments applicable to all
sectors.
Source: WTO Secretariat.
13. Table 15.A4: World’s 20 leading law firms by number of partners (1988)
Country
partners
total
Offices
foreign
total
Lawyers
foreign
Total staff
1
Baker & McKenzie
US
404
41
32
1179
771
1179
2
Jones Day
US
306
13
5
903
26
1071
3
Sidley & Austin
US
231
5
2
607
8
769
4
Blake Cassels
Canada
227
…
1
…
…
…
5
Morgan Lewis
US
216
8
1
645
5
764
6
Mayer Brown
Us
215
7
2
427
12
523
7
Mc Dermott
US
214
6
…
414
…
501
8
Clifford Chance
Uk
193
12
11
…
…
1649
..
..
47
Malleson Stephen
Australia
103
…
4
112
…
…
..
…
92
Francis Lefebrve
France
70
…
2
98
3
…
..
…
116
Kim & Chang
Korea, Rep. of
47
…
1
59
1
…
..
…
118
Loyens &
Volkmaars
Netherlands
45
…
10
186
…
…
..
…
132
Deacons
Hong Kong, China
30
…
1
87
1
…
133
Boden Oppenhoff
Germany
29
…
1
…
1
…
..
…
135
Pinheiro Neto
Brazil
26
…
1
52
2
…
14. Table 15.A5: Legal services: Uruguay Round Commitments
Country
Host Country law
International law
Home country law
Advisor
y
Japan
Malaysia
Representati
on
Advisor
y
Representati
on
Advisor
y
x
x
x
x
x
Modes
Services
supplied
by
qualified
patent
attorneys
and
maritime
procedur
e agents
All*
Representation
x
Other
(Domes
tic
Offshor
e
carpora
tion
laws
x
x
1, 2, 4*,
Mode 3
limited to
Federal
territory of
Labuan
15. Table 15.A5: Legal services: Uruguay Round Commitments
cont’d
Country
Host Country law
International law
Home country law
Other
Modes
Advisor
y
Representati
on
Advisor
y
Representati
on
Advisor
y
Representation
Thailand
x
x
x
x
x
x
2, 3
United
States
x
x
x
x
x
x
All*
Source: WTO Secretariat.
X: indicates a partial or full market access and national treatment commitment.
XF: indicates a partial or full commitment in home and third country law.
86130: legal documentation and certification services.
86190: other legal advisory and information services.
Ma: Market Access
NT: National Treatment
*: Mode 4 unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal section
18. 1. BUSINESS SERVICES
A.Professional Services
a)Legal services
(CPC 86111 + 86119 + 86120 + 86130 + 86190)
1)Unbound
2)None
3)None other than that indicated in the horizontal section
4)Unbound
1)Unbound
2)None
3)No limitations as long as foreign equity participation does not exceed
49 per cent
4)Unbound
