♦ الموت و العالم الآخر في مصر القديمة 2.pdf

2. (
‫اجلزء‬
‫ا‬
‫ل‬
‫انى‬‫ث‬
)

3. 2

:2468





2016
All Rights Reserved
El Gabalaya St. , Opera House, El Gezira, Cairo
E-mail:egyptcouncil@yahoo.com Tel:27354524 – 27354526 Fax:27354554
https://t.me/kotokhatab

4. 3
2017
‫الموت‬
‫اآل‬ ‫والعالم‬
‫خر‬
‫ال‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫فى‬
‫قديمة‬
‫ال‬‫(اجلزء‬
‫ثانى‬
)
‫تأأأفل‬
‫اااااان‬ ‫ان‬‫ا‬‫ياااا‬
‫ترمجأأ‬
‫قنسم‬‫حممد‬‫حممود‬
‫أ‬
‫أ‬‫مراجع‬
‫انى‬‫ا‬‫اااا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫هلياااا‬

5. 4
‫الفهرس‬ ‫بطاق‬
‫القوم‬ ‫والوثائق‬ ‫الكتب‬ ‫لدار‬ ‫العام‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫اهل‬ ‫إعداد‬
‫الفن‬ ‫الشئون‬ ‫إدارة‬
‫ب‬
5
I.S.B.N - 978 - 977 -92-0195-
‫طبع‬
‫ئ‬ ‫باهل‬
‫العام‬
‫لشئون‬
‫املطابع‬
‫األمريي‬

6. 5
‫احملتويات‬
10 ‫الثانى‬ ‫اجلزء‬
‫شعائر‬
‫وتالوات‬
.......................
.........................................
11
11
36
45
76
76
106
129
134
134
161
169
176
194
194

7. 6
207
207
209
220
224
224
241
261
280
284
297
313
328
328
346
372
384
384
413
426 !"
438

8. 7
438
444
444
471
475
477
484
493
506
514
557

9.  
 
 
 

 

 

10. 11
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻃﻘﻮﺱ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﺏ‬




 
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﻡ‬
.
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻊ‬
،
‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻀ‬‫ﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺎﻤل‬
‫ﺘﻔﻀ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻹﻤﻜﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﺃﻓ‬ ‫ﺘﻀﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺘ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺫﺍﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ .‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻐﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﺩﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﻁﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻪ‬ ،
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ .‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ،‫ﻭﺕ‬
،
‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺘﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺼل‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﻓﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬
،
‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺇ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻤﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻻﺴﺘﻤ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺵ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺩﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬ .‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻌﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻌﺎﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻭﻑ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻭﻟﻐﻭ‬ ‫ﺸﻌﺎﺌﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺘﺩﻭﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻀ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ .‫ﻓﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺌﺎ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺃﺤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺭﺉ‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ‬ ،‫ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻘﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻴﺌﺔ‬
،
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻬﺩﻑ‬

11. 12
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻨ‬
‫ﻲ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻼﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻜﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ،‫ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‬‫ﺸﻜ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ،‫ﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﺎﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺸﺎﻓ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻘﺩ‬ .‫ﺠﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﻴﺒﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻤﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬
"How to do
things with words"
"‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻨﻊ‬ ‫"ﻜﻴﻑ‬
)
١
(
،
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻴﻑ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ‬
)
٢
(
‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ "‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫"ﺃﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‬
،
‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻏﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺨﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻠﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻤﻭﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﻭﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ،‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺘﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻰ‬ .
‫ﻭﺃﻜﻔﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻤﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺒﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ،‫ﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ .‫ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻭﺍﺌﻁ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺒﻴﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬
–
‫ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺩﻱ‬
–
‫ﺤﻔﻅ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺼ‬
.‫ﻗﺭﺍﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻭﺍﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻤﺎﺜﻴل‬ ،‫ﺸﻭﺍﻫﺩ‬ ‫ﺹ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ،‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ ..
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ .‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺅﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﻭﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺸﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ 
‫ﺀ‬‫ﺃﺸﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﻀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﺀ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﻭﺕ‬
.‫ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﻌﺏ‬ ،‫ﺒﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬

12. 13
‫ﻭﺃﻨﺎ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﻘﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ :‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻜﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻼﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ‬ "‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫"ﻁﻘﻭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭ‬
"‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫"ﺃﺩﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،‫ﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺯﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻨﺎﻓﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ،‫ﻗﺒﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻴﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻼﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻁﻘﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬ .‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻴﻨﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻨﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﻭﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺘﻰ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﻴﻨﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﺏ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻓﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
(‫ﺍﻷﻫﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫)ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻓﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﺍﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ :‫ﻴﺭﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
)
٣
(
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،
(‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻭﺕ‬ ‫)ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻭﺕ‬
)
٤
(
‫ﺒﺭﺩ‬ (‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻭﺕ‬ ‫)ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻱ‬
–
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
)
٥
(
‫ﻭﺘﻐﺫ‬ .
‫ﻱ‬
‫ﻀﻤﻨ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،"‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫"ﺃﺩﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻁﻘﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻨﺭﺍﻋ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻏﻡ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻁﻘﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﻕ‬ "‫"ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺘﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻁﻘﻭﺱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ "‫"ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻨﺘﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻁﻘﻭﺱ‬ .‫ﻟﻠﻘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻠﺘﺠﻬﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬
.‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﺏ‬
‫ﻱ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﻁﺒﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬

‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ،‫ﻟﻐﻭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻭﻜﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻴ‬ ،‫ﻤﻭﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺀ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬
‫ﻭﻜﺄﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻀ‬

‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺘﻠﻕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ .‫ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺕ‬
‫ﺒ‬
.‫ﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻀ‬‫ﺃﻴ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺴﺒﻴل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺠﺩ‬
‫ﻭ‬

13. 14
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﺌﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
)

(
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺔ‬
،
‫ﻭﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﺎﺌﻕ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻀ‬‫ﺃﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻔﺤﻤﺔ‬
)
٦
(
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ .
‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﻘﻭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻠﻤﺎ‬
.
‫ﺃﻭﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺭﺠﻊ‬
،
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻭﻙ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
.‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻅ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻓﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻬﺭﺕ‬
"‫"ﺘﺭﺘل‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻴﺯﺕ‬ ،‫ﻫﺭﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬
‫ﮐ‬
‫ﻫﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻀﻡ‬ ."‫"ﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻨﺎﺱ‬
٢٢٧
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﺭﺍﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺩ‬ ،‫ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤﺘ‬
٧٥٩
)
٧
(
‫ﻭﻟﻘﺩ‬ .
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺼﻤﻤﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺌﻁ‬
‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻼﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻬﺫﻩ‬ .‫ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻴﻁ‬
-
‫ﺘﻜﻠﻤﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺭﻓﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺩﻓﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺭﻓﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺼﺎﻤﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻼﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
-
‫ﺍﺘﺒﻌﺕ‬

‫ﺒ‬‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
،
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻔﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﻜﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬
،‫ﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻅل‬
‫ﻤﺘﺒﻌﺎ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺼ‬‫ﻨﺼﻭ‬ ‫ﺠﻠﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬
،
‫ﻤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺨﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ .‫ﻗﺎﻁﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ـ‬
"‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫"ﺃﺩﺏ‬
)
٨
(
.
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻠﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬
‫ﻜﻨ‬
‫ﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻭﻅﻴﻔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺏ‬
‫ﺘﻪ‬
،
‫ﻓ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻔﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺼﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻤﻌﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ،‫ﺃﻭﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺭﻡ‬
)

(
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻡ‬
‫ﺃﻨﺼﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺨﻭﺱ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻏﺭﻴﻕ‬
.
)
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬
(

14. 15
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺩ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻭﻀﺢ‬
‫ﻴﻭﺭﺠﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺴﻴﻨﺞ‬
Jürgen Osing
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻕ‬
‫ﻫﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬
–
‫ﺃﻭﻨﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬
،‫ﻫﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎل‬
‫ﺒﻌﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻔﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬
)
٩
(
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻓﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺩﺨل‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺎﺒﻭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺌﻁ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺎل‬
‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻌﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬
.
،‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﻨﻬﺎﺌ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺘﺎﺒﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻁﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﻌﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻭﻴﻤﻴ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺼﺎﺤ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﹸﻘﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺭﺍﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺒ‬
‫ـ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
٢٣
–
٢١٢
.(
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭﻴﺴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺁﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
،
‫ﻤﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻀ‬‫ﺃﻴ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤ‬
‫ـ‬
) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
٢١٣
-
٢١٩
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ .(
‫ـ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫)ﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
٢٠٤
(
،
‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺩﺍﺌ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺭﺍﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﻭﻫﺩ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻭﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،
‫ﺃﻗﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻨﺘﺸﺎ‬
‫ـ‬
."‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫"ﻁﻘﻭﺱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬
‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻔﺌﺔ‬
sӡḫw
‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ."‫ﺃﺥ‬ ‫"ﻟﺠﻌﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻟﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺘﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺩﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻱ‬
sӡḫw
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻀﺎﻑ‬ ."‫"ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬
ḫӡ
‫ﺇﻟ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻰ‬
jӡḫ
‫"ﻴﻀ‬
‫ﻰ‬
‫ﻴﺸﻊ‬ ،‫ﺀ‬
"‫"ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻁﺎﺒﻕ‬ "
،
،"‫"ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻤﺎﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻨﻘﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬
(‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻀﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻓﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﻓﺔ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻲ‬
.(

15. 16
‫ﻤﺩﺨ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻀ‬‫ﺃﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻤﺘﺩ‬
‫ـ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ (‫)ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺌﻁ‬ ‫ل‬
٢١٩
–
٢٢٤
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ (
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻤ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺘ‬ ،‫ﺭ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻥ‬
.‫ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻐﻁﻰ‬
) ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺔ‬
٢٤٧
–
٣١٢
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ (
‫ﺘﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺤﻭل‬
‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻜﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﺠﺘﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻀﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬
،
‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺩ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺌﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻀﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻓﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺌﺏ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻼ‬
‫ﻟﻨﺹ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺘﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ .‫ﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﻘﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻜﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬ ،
‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺤﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻀ‬‫ﺃﻴ‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ‬
،
‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﻁﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬ .‫ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻗﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﻠﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻤﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﻠﻭﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻓﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﻠﻲ‬
،

‫ﻤ‬‫ﺩﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺅﻜﺩ‬
‫ﺎ‬

‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﺎ‬
‫ﺎ‬
) ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻐﻁﻰ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬
٣١٣
–
٣٢١
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ (
‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬
،
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻀ‬‫ﻭﺃﻴ‬
‫ﺘﺠﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺕ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺒﻤﺎ‬ .‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻌﺒﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺴﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﻘﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺀ‬
‫ﻭﻓﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ "‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫"ﻟﻠﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
"‫"ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭل‬
)
١٠
(
.

16. 17
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺠ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻠﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻓﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻓ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻓﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺭﺃ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺴﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻭﻏﺎﻟ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻤﻴﺔ‬
،‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﺭﺍﻋ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ .‫ﻴﺘﻜﻠﻡ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼ‬ ‫ﺸﻜﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ،‫ﻓﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻀﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻀ‬‫ﺃﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺍﺨل‬
‫ﻭﻴ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺼﻨﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺍﺨل‬
١
-
) ‫ﻴﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬
٠
) ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ (
٢
) (
٠:٢:٢
(
٢
-
) ‫ﻴﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬
٠
) ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ (
٠
‫ﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ (
) ‫ﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬
٠:٠:٣
(
٣
-
) ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬
І
‫ﻤﺨﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ (
‫ـ‬
) ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
٠
(
)
І
:
٠
:
І
(
٤
-
) ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬
І
)‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ (
١
) ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ (
٢
‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ (
) ‫ﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬
٣
) (
١:٢:١
‫ﺃﻭ‬
٣:٢:١
(
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻭﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻭﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺘﺩﺍﺨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﺴﺎﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ،‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻬﻤﺎ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ .‫ﺸﺎﻫﺩﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻁﻘﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻯ‬
٢:٢:٠
.‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺼل‬ ‫ﻴﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ،

17. 18
،‫ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻁﺎﺒﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺨﺘﻔﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺩﺍﺌ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻤﻴﺭ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﺸﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻜل‬
‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒ‬
‫ﹰ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻴل‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،
:‫ﺜﺎل‬
‫ﻳﺎ‬ ،‫اﳖﺾ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻈﺎﻣﻚ‬ ‫واﺿﻤﻢ‬ ‫رأﺳﻚ‬ ‫وﺧﺬ‬
‫أﻋﻀﺎءك‬ ‫وﳌﻠﻢ‬
‫ﳊﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻚ‬ ‫واﻣﺴﺢ‬
،‫ﺧﺒﺰك‬ ‫واﺳﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺬي‬
‫ﻳﺘﻌﻔﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﲢﻤﺾ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫وﺟﻌﺘﻚ‬
،‫اﻟﺒﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﴫاع‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺘﻘﺪم‬
‫اﻟﺬي‬
‫اﳋﺎﺿﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺪ‬
)
١١
(
‫ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ،‫ﺭﺍﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻬﻡ‬
،‫ﻤﻨﺎﺸﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻨﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﻴﻀﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬
:‫ﺃﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺴﲈء‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺘﻔﺘﺢ‬

18. 19
‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﻟﺘﻔﺘﺢ‬
‫اﳌﻮﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﳑﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮق‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﻟﺘﻔﺘﺢ‬
‫رع‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫وﺗﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﲣﺮج‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‬
‫اﳋﻠﻮد‬ ‫ﺳﺎدة‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫ﺣﺮ‬ ‫ﲣﻄﻮ‬ ‫وأن‬
‫ﺑﺘﺎح‬ ‫ﻛﻌﻄﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺎﲢﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﺬﺑﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻫﺮا‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺰا‬
‫أ‬ ‫وﻟﺘﱰﻋﺮع‬ ،‫روﺣﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺘﺤﻴﺎ‬
(‫)اﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫وﻋﻴﺘﻚ‬
‫اﻟﻈﻼم‬ ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ووﺟﻬﻚ‬
)
١٢
(
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺍﺨل‬
‫ﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻴﻭﺼﻑ‬
‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺎﺸﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ‬ "‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬ ‫"ﺃﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ .‫ﺒﻭﻀﻭﺡ‬

19. 20
) ‫ﺒﺎﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﻤﻴﻪ‬
٢:٢:٠
(
‫ﻭﻨﺴﻤﻌﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﺎﺸﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻀ‬‫ﺃﻴ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ .
‫ﻴﻠ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺒﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺎﺸﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻲ‬
:
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺑﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻴﺖ‬
"
‫ﻴﺪت‬ ِ ‫ﺷ‬
"
!...‫ا‬ً‫ﺟﺎﻫﺰ‬ ‫وﺟﻬﻚ‬ ‫ﺟﺐ‬ ‫أﻋﻄﺎك‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
.‫ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ووﺣﺪ‬
!‫وﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻚ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑة‬ ‫اﳋﴬة‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫وﺗﺘﻨﺰه‬ ،‫اﻟﻔﻴﻮم‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﲡﻮل‬ ‫أﻧﺖ‬
‫أوزورﻳﺲ‬ ‫أﺑﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺒﺤﺚ‬
) ‫وﺟﺪﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫أﺣﻴﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬ ،(‫أﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻷﺑﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻬﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮل‬ ‫أﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﻤﻪ‬
"
‫ﺳﻮﻛﺮ‬
"

20. 21
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻫﺎب‬ ‫أﻃﻔﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣﺮ‬ ‫أﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻟﲑاﻋﻴﻪ‬ ‫أﺑﺎك‬ ‫و‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﻤﻬﻢ‬
"
‫ﺳﻮﻛﺮ‬ ‫راﻋﻰ‬
"
‫أوزورﻳﺲ‬ ‫أﺑﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻢ‬ ‫ﻻءﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫اﺑﻨﻪ‬ ‫أﻧﺖ‬
‫اﻟﺬي‬
‫ﳛﺒﻪ‬
)
١٣
(
‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﻜﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺘﺠﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ 
‫ﺀ‬‫ﻭﺒﻨﺎ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻠﻡ‬
،
‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺘﺎﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻭﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ‬
‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ .
٢:٢:٠
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
І
:
٠
:
І
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻜﻠﻡ‬ ‫)ﻭﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬
(‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
،
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻀ‬‫ﻭﺃﻴ‬
٣:٠:٠
‫ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫)ﻤﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻤ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ .(‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺌﺏ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻊ‬
І
:
٠
:
І
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
٣:٠:٠
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻫﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺒﺕ‬
٢:٢:٠
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
٣:٠:٠
)
١٤
(
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻓﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬ .‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ‬
‫ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻭﻋﻤﻭ‬ ،‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﺭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺇ‬
‫ﻓﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻥ‬

21. 22
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻟﺸﻜل‬
٢:٢:٠
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
٣:٠:٠
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ .‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ،
٢:٢:٠
‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ (‫ﻭ‬
І
:
٠
:
І
‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ .‫ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻤﻁﻠ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ (‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬
‫ﺘﺠﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺸ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺍﺨل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ‬
٢:٢:٠
،
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻭﺃﺤﻴﺎ‬
٣:٠:٠
‫ﻴﻌﻠﻭ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،
‫ﺒﻭ‬
‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﻜﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻀﻭﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻤﺎ‬ :‫ﻨﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬
І
:
٠
:
І
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
І
:
٢
:
І
/
٢
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ .
І
:
٠
:
І
‫ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻴل‬ ‫)ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﻼﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ،‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ .(‫ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﺠﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺏ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻁﻘﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻜﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻀ‬‫ﻭﺃﻴ‬
٢
/
І
:
٢
:
І
/‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﺌﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺕ‬ ‫)ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬
‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﻗﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭ‬ (‫ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
٢:٢:١
،
‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻴﻜﺸﻑ‬ "‫ﺨﺎﺘﻡ‬ ‫"ﻜﻨﺹ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻁﻘﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺸﺨﺼﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺃﺨﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬
،
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻀ‬‫ﻭﺃﻴ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺒﻭﻀﻭﺡ‬
‫ﮐ‬
،‫ﻭﻨﻔﺘﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﺯﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ "‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺕ‬ ‫"ﻨﻭﺍﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻋﻨﺼ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻁﻘﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩ‬
.‫ﺎﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤﺴﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻬﻭل‬ ‫ﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺘﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺒﻁ‬
‫ﺨﺘﺎﻤ‬ ‫ﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ،‫ﺨﻼﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻭﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ .‫ﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﺎﺸﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﻴﺯ‬
‫ﻲ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫أﰊ‬ ‫أﻋﻼم‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻚ‬ ‫اﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﳍﻮل‬
‫أﻋﺪاءك‬
ً ‫أرﺿ‬
‫ﺎ‬

22. 23
!‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﻓﺮح‬
‫ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻳﻘﻚ‬ ‫و‬
‫ﻣﺘﺴﻊ‬ ‫وﻗﻠﺒﻚ‬ ،‫ﻣﻌﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬ ‫واﲢﺪ‬
،‫أﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻘﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻵﳍﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬
‫وﲤﺪﺣﻚ‬
‫ﺟﻮارك‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ،‫اﻟﻼزورد‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮن‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻖ‬ ‫وﻧﻮت‬
‫ﺑﺄﺷﻌﺘﻚ‬ ‫اﻷزﱃ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﲈء‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺬت‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﱄ‬ ‫أﻧﺮ‬
‫ﲨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫أرﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬
‫ًﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﳌ‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻧﺎ‬

23. 24
‫اﳉﻤﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﳏﻴﺎك‬ ‫أﻣﺪح‬
‫ﻋ‬
‫اﻟﺴﲈء‬ ‫ﻧﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻼد‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﴩق‬ ‫ﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻐﺮب‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﻗﺮص‬ ‫أﻣﺪح‬
‫ﺳﻌﻨﺦ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻮق‬
–
‫ﺗﺎو‬
‫ي‬
)
١٥
(
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻠ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﮐ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻏﻡ‬ ،"‫ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫"ﻨﺸﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻓﺭﻭﻕ‬
‫ﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻠﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺸﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻘﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻨﺸﻴﺩ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺼﻴﻐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺘﺠﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬
wsjr N pn
hӡ
"‫"ﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ .
hӡ
‫ﺘﺄﺘ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ،‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬
)
١٦
(
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗل‬ ‫)ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ‬ (‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬
)
١٧
(
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺘﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺒﻤﺎ‬ .
hӡj
"‫"ﻴﻨﺯل‬
،
‫ﻭﺘﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ."‫"ﺍﻫﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‬‫ﺃﺼ‬
،‫ﺒﺎﻟﺴﺎﻗﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻁ‬‫ﻤﺭﺘﺒ‬ "‫"ﺍﻫﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬
"‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫"ﻤﺭﺤ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬
tw
-
wj
-
jj
‫ﺃﻭ‬
jj.tj
"‫"ﺤﻴﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
-
d
jn
ḥr=k
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ،
‫ﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺨﻁﺎﺒ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ .
‫"ﺍﻟﻤ‬ :‫ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﺔ‬ "...‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺍﺨل‬
‫ﻲ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬

24. 25
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺃﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﺍﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻯ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬
،
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻬ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻴﻑ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫؟‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺅﺍل‬ ‫ﻁﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ (‫)ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺍﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﻨﻀﻡ‬
،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺩﻋﻭ‬ .
‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺎﺒﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬
.‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺤﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻌﺎﺌﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻀﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺠﺎﺭﺩﻨﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﻻﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﺩﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻜﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬
Sir Alan Gardiner
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺩﺍﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻌل‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ‬
١٩٣٢
.
‫ﻭﺠﻨﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻠﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
Philipp Wegener
‫ﻭﺃﺸﺎﺭ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫"ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻨﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬
"‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬
،
‫ﻭﺭﺃﻯ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻨﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
)
١٨
(
‫ﻴﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻨﻁﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻓﺘﺭﺍﺽ‬ .
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻨﻭﺠﺩ‬
،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫)ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻷﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺴﻴﻘﺎل‬
‫ﻻﺤﻘﺎ‬
‫ﺍ‬ (
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ .‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺒﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺭﺩﻨﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻁﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻕ‬
)
١٩
(
.
‫ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻁﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬
‫)ﺘﻀﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻠ‬ (‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﻌﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬ .
‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ل‬
‫ﻜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻥ‬
(ẖrjw-ḥӡb)
‫ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻴل‬ ‫ﺸﻌﺭﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ،‫ﺭﺍﻜﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺘﻠﻴﻥ‬

25. 26
‫ﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺒﻀﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻀﺭﺒﻭﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺸﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻭ‬ .
‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺼﺩﺭ‬ "‫ﺍﻟﺠﺴﺩ‬ ‫"ﻤﻭﺴﻴﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺼﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺏ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﻤﻰ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴل‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺘﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ـ‬
hnw
)
٢٠
(
‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﻓ‬ ،‫ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ "‫"ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫ـ‬
hnw
‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺘﻌﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺤﺴﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻗﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺭﺏ‬
‫ﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬
،
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬
‫ﻗﻭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻪ‬
)
٢١
(
‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺈﻟﺤﺎﻕ‬ .
‫ﻲ‬
‫"ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﻨﺔ‬ /‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺘﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
) "‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﻠﻭﻥ‬
b
ӡ
ḥ
-
rj
h
. w jn
ӡ
š
c
.w
h
ӡ
šd.t s
‫ﻗﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ .(
‫ﺠﻤﻨ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻜﺎ‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺘل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ،‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺍﻓﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺇﻴﻤﺎﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻜﻌﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬
hnw –
‫)ﺸﻜل‬
٤٨
.(
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺒﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺭﺃ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ "‫"ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫ﺘﺘﺴﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ،‫ﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬
sӡḫw
‫ﻟﻠﺠﺫﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬
ӡḫ
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻌﻨ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ."‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﻯ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬" ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬
،‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻗﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻨﺎ‬
،‫ﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺘﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺴﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻤﻘﺩﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻰ‬ .‫ﻟﻐﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻴﺭ‬ ،‫ﻭﻋﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺴﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﻟﺤﻔﻅﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻀﻤ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻔﺎﻓ‬ ‫ﺫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﺩﻗ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﻴﻔﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﻤل‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻴﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻴﺴﺘﺭﻭ‬

26. 27
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ .‫ﻭﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺨﺯﻥ‬ ،‫ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ "‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴل‬ ‫"ﻷﺩﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻟ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬
‫ﻲ‬
.
."‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫"ﺴﻴﺘﻐﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ،"‫"ﻴﻘﺭﺃ‬ ‫ﻟﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺨﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻀ‬‫ﻭﺃﻴ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬
‫ﻻ‬‫ﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻔﻅ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﻁﺒﻊ‬ .‫ﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ،‫ﺘﻘﺭﺃ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻭﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ‬ ،‫ﻓﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎ‬ .
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻀ‬‫ﺃﻴ‬
‫ﺘﺩﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ "‫"ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻭﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ"ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ،‫ﻭﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺨﺯﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻫﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻭﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺨﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻔﻀﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺜﻘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻐﻠﻭﺍ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﺜﻘﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻠﻭﺍ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺨﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬

27. 28
‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
٤٨
‫ﻜﺎﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺼﺏ‬ :‫ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﻌﻴﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻜﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺜﻨﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺢ‬ ،‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴل‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻜﻌﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻬﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻗﻔﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﻫﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺨﻴﺭ‬ ،‫ﻭﺼﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺭﺍﻗﺔ‬ :‫ﺍﻷﺴﻔل‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺁﺜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻔﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻠﻲ‬
–
‫ﻜﺎﺠﻤﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺵ‬
–
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭﺓ‬
‫)ﺴﻘﺎﺭﺓ‬
–
٢٣٠٠
(‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬

28. 29
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺍﺌل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻟﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺤﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬
،‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻬﺎ‬
"‫"ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
،
‫ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﺘﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩﻋﻰ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎ‬
) ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﻨﺤﻭﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺭ‬
١٤٠٠
–
١٣٦٠
‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬
(‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴ‬ ‫ﻴﻼﺩ‬
)
٢٢
(
‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ .
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺵ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻜﺜﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ،‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺒﺭﻨﺎ‬
،
‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬ .‫ﺒﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺍﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻌﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬
‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺭﺍﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﺩﺓ‬
٢٤
‫ﺠﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺍﺭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ .(‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻨﺎ‬ ،‫ﺩﻫﺸﺔ‬
‫ﻁﻘﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻌل‬
–
‫ﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﻔﻅﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
٢٠٠٠
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻤﺎﻨ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺯﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ .‫ﺒﺼﺩﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬
٢٣٠٠
‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ،"‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫"ﻋﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺢ‬
٣٠٠
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻤﺴﻙ‬ ،‫ﺃﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬
.

29. 30
‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
٤٩
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻤﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺘل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻫﻥ‬
–
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺒﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻡ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻟﺠﺤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﺏ‬
–
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﻑ‬
–
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ‬
٢٠
–
١٨
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﻔﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬
،‫ﺯﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭ‬ .‫ﻟﻠﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺸﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻼ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻷﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﻌﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻁﻭﻴل‬ ‫ﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬
‫ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
) ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭﻤﺅﺨ‬ .‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻭﻉ‬
١٣٥٠
(‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬

30. 31
‫ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻵﻥ‬ ،‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﺎﻤﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺤ‬‫ﻭﺍﻀ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺱ‬
)
٢٣
(
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ .
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻜﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺭﻭﻏﻠﻴﻔﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﻤﺜل‬ ،‫ﺤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﻁﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
–
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺭﺍﻁﻴﻘ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﻲ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺘﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ .‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺒﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺭﻭﻏﻠﻴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﻁ‬
"‫ﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ‬ ‫"ﻟﻐﺔ‬
)
r
t
mdt n
‫ﺴﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻀ‬‫ﺃﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻐﺔ‬ (
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻐﺔ‬
،
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺠل‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ‬
)
٢٤
(
.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﻜل‬
–
‫ﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺭﺍﻨﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ،"‫"ﻤﻼﺌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻨﻴﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻬﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻁﻘﺴﻴﺔ‬
–
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻀ‬‫ﺃﻴ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ (‫)ﻴﺤﺩﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ (‫)ﻴﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺩﺃ‬
)
٢٥
(
.
‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺠﻠﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻭﺍﺤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺯﻭﺭﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻴﻘﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﺯﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻗﻭ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺨﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺤﺎﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻗ‬‫ﻤﺨﻠﻭ‬
،‫ﻤﺠﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻴﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺘﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻭ‬
‫ﻴﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
،‫ﺃﺒﻭﻓﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﻌﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻅﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻬﺩﺩﻩ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻴﻭﻤ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻓﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
-
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻱ‬

‫ﻀ‬‫ﺃﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ .‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺴﻤﻬﺎ‬ :‫ﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬
bӡw Rc
w
‫ﺇﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﺘﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺀ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ،"‫ﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺓ‬ ‫"ﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻤ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻐﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺘﺭﺘﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﺘﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬

31. 32
‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬
–
‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬
–
‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ‬ ،"‫ﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺓ‬ ‫"ﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﻌﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺭﻯ‬ .‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟﻐﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻔﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺩﺭﺍﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺴﺩ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎل‬
.‫ﺩﻨﻴﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻜﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻟﺩﺭﺍﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺴﻴﻨﺎﺭﻴﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻹﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺼل‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬
–
‫ﺇﻟﻬﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺭﻴﺩ‬ .‫ﻭﺇﻟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻨﻴﻭﻴﺔ‬
–
‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺃﺤﺩﺍﺜﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻨﻴﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻬﻴﺔ‬
–
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺨﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻴﺴﻤﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺴﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫"ﺴﺤ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ."
‫ـ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻼﻁﻭﻨ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻴﻠﺴﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴ‬ "‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫"ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺒﻠﻜﻭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻀ‬‫ﺃﻴ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻁﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﻤﺎ‬
)
٢٦
(
)
mutatis mutandis
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺼل‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻀﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺠﻬ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺒﻠﻜﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻴﺄل‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ (
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺭ‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫ﺘﻬﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ،‫ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻬﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺠﺘﻪ‬ .‫ﺒﺭﻏﺒﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺸﻰﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻏﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻁﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ،‫ﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺈﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺠﺩ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻴﺭﺘﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺯل‬
‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ .‫ﺍﻹﻟﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ (‫)ﺼﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫"ﻷﻥ‬ :‫ﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺜﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻬﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺯﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻴﺎﺀ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻨﺤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭ‬
–
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻀﻌﻴﻥ‬
–
‫ﻓﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﻤﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﻁﻬﺭ‬
"‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬
)
٢٧
(
.
‫ﻴﻘﻑ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﻴﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫"ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺘ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻴﻘﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ،(‫ﻭﺍﻹﻟﻪ‬ ‫)ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻀﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺠﻬﺎﻥ‬

32. 33
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻪ‬ ‫)ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻔﺎﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
(‫ﻭﺇﻟﻪ‬
)
٢٨
(
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺴﺎﺤﺭ‬ .
‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬ ،‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﻜﺈﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻗﻭﺓ‬
‫ﻴﻨﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻲ‬
"‫ﻜﻴﻨﻭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬
)
٢٩
(
‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﻌﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻀﺢ‬
‫ﻭﻴﺴﺭ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ "
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻨ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴل‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ .‫ﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﺤﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﻤﻭﺠﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺩﺍﺌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ .‫ﻟﻼﺤﺘﻔﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺤﺘﻔﺎل‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻁﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻨﺸﺭ‬ ،‫ﺇﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ .‫ﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺍﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺤﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺅﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﻟﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺴﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺯﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺒﻨﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﻨﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴل‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬
،
‫ﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺘ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻔﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﻫﻥ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬
‫ﻪ‬
،
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻘﻤﺹ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ،‫ﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺈﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬
"‫"ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻭﻥ‬ .‫ﺇﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻨﻴﻭﻱ‬ "‫"ﻤﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
،
‫ﺤﺩﻭﺜﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺫﺍﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻤﺎ‬
،
‫ﻭﺭﺒﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ :‫ﺭﻭﺍﺌﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺭﺒﻁﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺒﻤﺎ‬ .‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻁﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﻜﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻀ‬‫ﺃﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
–
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴل‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ :‫ﺩﺭﺍﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﻜﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ‬

33. 34
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﺤ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻬ‬ ‫ﻨﺨﺼﺹ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺎﺒﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬
،‫ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‬‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘ‬ ‫ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﺼ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﻹﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻰ‬ ،‫ﻤﻭﺠﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻋ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻘﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﻴﻘﻅ‬ ،
،‫ﺒﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ،‫ﺒﻨﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻴﻴﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻴﺤﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ .‫ﺒﻤﺘﻭﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺸﻰﺀ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻬ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﺩﻫﻡ‬ ."‫ﻜﻠﻤﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫"ﺒﺄﻨﻔﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺩﺍﺌ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻡ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻠ‬ ‫ﺒﺨﻁﺎﺒﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺸﻜﺭﻭﻨﻪ‬ ،‫ﺇﻤﺩﺍﺩﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺤﻕ‬
‫ﻲ‬
"
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺠﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻁﻠﻘﻭﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ .‫ﺠﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻨﻭﺍﺡ‬
،
‫ﻭﻴﻌ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﻭﺼ‬ .‫ﺴﺒﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ـ‬
"
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎل‬
"‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺌﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻗﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬ (‫ﻫﻭﺭﻨﻭﻨﺞ‬ ‫)ﺇﺭﻴﻙ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺠﻠﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ُﻨﻘﺫﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
،
‫ﻭﺭﺒ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻀ‬‫ﻭﺃﻴ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺩل‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻘﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻟﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻤﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺠﺴﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ‬
،
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﻨﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ .‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺠﺎﺒﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺠﻬﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻙ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﺍﺌﻁ‬
،‫ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺨﻁ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺩﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻙ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺩل‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻔﻅﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
-
‫ﺘﺭﺘﻴل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺘﻴل‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ .‫ﻜﻠﻤﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻔﺱ‬
‫ﺼﻭﺹ‬

34. 35
‫ﻜﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺸﻰﺀ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﺴﺔ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺘﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺴﺭﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺩﺍﺴ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫"ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬
eo ipso
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻀﻁ‬ ."
‫ـ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺭ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻀﺨﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﺼﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻘﺩﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻗﻅ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻰ‬ ،‫ﻭﻤﺠﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻔﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴل‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻀ‬‫ﺃﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺒﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺼﺏ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﺎﺕ‬
،
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻔﺘﺢ‬
،
:‫ﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﺭﺏ‬
‫ﲢﻜ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﺪاد‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮن‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫أﺷﻴﺎء‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬ ‫ورأى‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻴﻘﻆ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻬ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ا‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﴪ‬ (‫)اﳌﺘﻮن‬
‫ﻟﺴﻔﲇ‬
‫ﳑﺘﺎز‬ ‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻷن‬
)
٣٠
(
‫ﻴﻨﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺘﺩﻭﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺭﺒﻁﻨﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺩﻓﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻭﺕ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
.‫ﺸﻌﺎﺌﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺭﻭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﻔﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻅﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬

35. 36






‫ﺃﻫﺭﺍﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻘﻰ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻠﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﹸﻠﺒﺕ‬
‫ﻗ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻙ‬
‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻼ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺘﻠﺊ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻀ‬‫ﺃﻴ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻨﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻨﺩﺭ‬ .‫ﻓﺄﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺤﻭﺍﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺼﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺒﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺦ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﻭﺴﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻓﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺭﻓﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺩﻓﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺸﺕ‬
-
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺴﻨﻭﺴﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
-
‫ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻘﻭﺸﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬ .‫ﺃﻭﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺎﺒﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﺭﻡ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻨﻁﺎﻕ‬
‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ،‫ﺃﻭﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ‬
٣٦٤
‫ﻭ‬ ،
٦٧٧
‫ﻭ‬ ،
٣٦٥
‫ﻭ‬ ،
٣٧٣
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ (‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫)ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬
٥٩٣
،
٣٥٦
،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬
٣٥٧
،‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬
٣٦٤
‫ﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬
٣٧٣
‫ﺍﻷﻜﻔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺘﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬
٥١٦
.(‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻜﻥ‬ ‫)ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻁﻘﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺁ‬
‫ﺘﻭﺍﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺘﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬
،
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺭﺩﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭ‬
)
٣١
(
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻘﺱ‬ .
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬
–
‫ﺴﻨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
–
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻌﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻘﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬
٢١٣
‫ﻭﺤﺘﻰ‬
٢١٩
‫ﻭ‬ ،
٢٢٠
‫ﻭﺤﺘﻰ‬
٢٢٢
.
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﻙ‬ ‫ﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
١٩٣٨
‫ﻭﺤﺘﻰ‬
١٩٦١
‫ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬ .‫ﻤﺠﻠﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺒﻴﺕ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺜﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ "‫"ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻴﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ .‫ﺍﻷﻫﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻏﻔﻠﺕ‬

36. 37
‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻜﺘﺴﺏ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ًﺎ‬
‫ﺌ‬‫ﺨﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺨﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻫﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻜﻤل‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
،‫ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﺩﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ .‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺼ‬‫ﻨﺼﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺼﺩﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ .‫ﺒﻭﻙ‬
‫ُﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺃ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻘﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺩ‬ .‫ﻤﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻱ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻨﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻰ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻌﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻫﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻨﻘﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺇ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺭﻭﻗﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻨﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻗﻭﺍﺌ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺒل‬ ،‫ﻭﺠﺩﺍﻭل‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﻰﺀ‬
‫ﻭ"ﺸﺒﻪ‬ "‫"ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﺘﺏ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ."‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬
،
‫ﻭﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ‬ "‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫"ﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ .‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﺤﻭﺍﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ .‫ﺍﻷﻫﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺎﻷﺤﻤﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻁﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻔﺭﺩ‬
،
‫ﺸﻰﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴل‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻀ‬‫ﻭﺃﻴ‬
‫ﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫"ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻴل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻡ‬
"‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫"ﻤﻥ‬ ،"‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ‬
،
‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻭ"ﻤﻥ‬
"‫ﺍﻟﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭ‬
،
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻭ"ﻤﻥ‬ " ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻭ"ﻤﻥ‬