Chapter 1: Invitation to Biology Chapter Review Book Title: Biology Today and Tomorrow with Physiology © 2016 Cengage Learning, Cengage LearningChapter Review Summary Section 1.1 Biology is the scientific study of life. We know about only a fraction of the organisms that live on Earth, in part because we have explored only a fraction of its inhabited regions. Section 1.2 Biologists think about life at different levels of organization, with new properties emerging at successively higher levels. All matter consists of atoms, which bond together to form molecules. Organisms are individuals that consist of one or more cells, the organizational level at which life emerges. A population is a group of interbreeding individuals of a species in a given area; a community is all populations of all species in a given area. An ecosystem is a community interacting with its environment. The biosphere includes all regions of Earth that hold life. Section 1.3 Life has underlying unity in that all living things have similar characteristics: 1. All organisms require energy and nutrients to sustain themselves. Producers harvest energy from the environment to make their own food by processes such as photosynthesis; consumers ingest other organisms, or their wastes or remains. 2. Organisms keep the conditions in their internal environment within ranges that their cells tolerate—a process called homeostasis. 3. DNA contains information that guides an organism’s growth, development, and reproduction. The passage of DNA from parents to offspring is inheritance. Section 1.4 The many types of organisms that currently exist on Earth differ greatly in details of body form and function. Biodiversity is the sum of differences among living things. Bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes, single-celled organisms whose DNA is not contained within a nucleus. The DNA of single-celled or multicelled eukaryotes (protists, plants, fungi, and animals) is contained within a nucleus. Each species has a two-part name. The first part is the genus name. When combined with the specific epithet, it designates the particular species. With taxonomy, species are ranked into ever more inclusive taxa on the basis of shared traits. Section 1.5 Critical thinking, the self-directed act of judging the quality of information as one learns, is an important part of science. Generally, a researcher observes something in nature, forms a hypothesis (testable explanation) for it, then makes a prediction about what might occur if the hypothesis is correct. Predictions are tested with observations, experiments, or both. Experiments typically are performed on an experimental group as compared with a control group, and sometimes on model systems. Conclusions are drawn from data. A hypothesis that is not consistent with data is modified or discarded. The scientific method consists of making, testing, and evaluating hypotheses, and sharing results with the scientific community. Biological systems are usually i ...

1. Chapter 1: Invitation to Biology Chapter Review
Book Title: Biology Today and Tomorrow with Physiology
© 2016 Cengage Learning, Cengage LearningChapter Review
Summary
Section 1.1 Biology is the scientific study of life. We know
about only a fraction of the organisms that live on Earth, in part
because we have explored only a fraction of its inhabited
regions.
Section 1.2 Biologists think about life at different levels of
organization, with new properties emerging at successively
higher levels. All matter consists of atoms, which bond together
to form molecules. Organisms are individuals that consist of
one or more cells, the organizational level at which life
emerges. A population is a group of interbreeding individuals of
a species in a given area; a community is all populations of all
species in a given area. An ecosystem is a community
interacting with its environment. The biosphere includes all
regions of Earth that hold life.
Section 1.3 Life has underlying unity in that all living things
have similar characteristics:
1. All organisms require energy and nutrients to sustain
themselves. Producers harvest energy from the environment to
make their own food by processes such as photosynthesis;
consumers ingest other organisms, or their wastes or remains.
2. Organisms keep the conditions in their internal environment
within ranges that their cells tolerate—a process called
homeostasis.
3. DNA contains information that guides an organism’s growth,
development, and reproduction.
The passage of DNA from parents to offspring is inheritance.
Section 1.4 The many types of organisms that currently exist on
Earth differ greatly in details of body form and function.
Biodiversity is the sum of differences among living things.

2. Bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes, single-celled organisms
whose DNA is not contained within a nucleus. The DNA of
single-celled or multicelled eukaryotes (protists, plants, fungi,
and animals) is contained within a nucleus.
Each species has a two-part name. The first part is the genus
name. When combined with the specific epithet, it designates
the particular species. With taxonomy, species are ranked into
ever more inclusive taxa on the basis of shared traits.
Section 1.5 Critical thinking, the self-directed act of judging the
quality of information as one learns, is an important part of
science. Generally, a researcher observes something in nature,
forms a hypothesis (testable explanation) for it, then makes a
prediction about what might occur if the hypothesis is correct.
Predictions are tested with observations, experiments, or both.
Experiments typically are performed on an experimental group
as compared with a control group, and sometimes on model
systems. Conclusions are drawn from data. A hypothesis that is
not consistent with data is modified or discarded. The scientific
method consists of making, testing, and evaluating hypotheses,
and sharing results with the scientific community.
Biological systems are usually influenced by many interacting
variables. Research approaches differ, but experiments are
designed in a consistent way, in order to study a single cause-
and-effect relationship in a complex natural system.
Section 1.6 Small sample size increases the potential for
sampling error in experimental results. In such cases, a subset
may be tested that is not representative of the whole.
Researchers design experiments carefully to minimize sampling
error and bias, and they use probability calculations to check
the statistical significance of their results.
Science helps us be objective about our observations because it
is concerned only with testable ideas about observable aspects
of nature. Opinion and belief have value in human culture, but
they are not addressed by science. A scientific theory is a long-
standing hypothesis that is useful for making predictions about
other phenomena. It is our best way of objectively describing

3. nature. A law of nature is a phenomenon that occurs without
fail, but has an incomplete scientific explanation.
Chapter 1: Invitation to Biology Chapter Review
Book Title: Biology Today and Tomorrow with Physiology
Printed By: Kristina Mack ([email protected]) © 2016 Cengage
Learning, Cengage Learning
© 2020 Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved. No part of
this work may by reproduced or used in any form or by any
means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, or in any other
manner - without the written permission of the copyright holder.
PSY 118 Health Brochure Instructions
For this project, you will be required to:
1) Pick a topic from the class material.
2) Create a pamphlet with the following characteristics:
a) You will use the Microsoft Word pamphlet template. This is
available on the computers in the library if you do not have it.
The pamphlet needs to be visually interesting and use
appropriate images. Your project must have 350 – 400 of your
own words. Quotations are not part of the word count. Grammar
and spelling are important. There is a grading rubric under our
Blackboard tab “Health Brochure Project.”
b) You must cite all of your sources using APA style. Graphs
and tables must be cited though pictures need not be.
c) You will use a tri-fold style pamphlet and all panels must
have text. Your name and topic go on the front panel and works
cited go on the back panel or on a separate page.
3) Create Content! Be sure to meet these four content
requirements.
a) Be sure to clearly (and in your OWN WORDS) define all key
terms.

4. b) Explain how your topic relates to health/mental health and
adjustment. This can include how knowledge of your topic can
help people live better lives. For example, for a health issue,
explain what will happen if someone does not address it,
including causes, progression, and treatment.
c) Include your name, PSY 118 section # (i.e. 0004) and
semester (i.e. Spring 2019) on the cover of your brochure.
d) Be sure to write for the general public. Write as if someone
has no knowledge of this psychology course, so over – explain
as needed (key terms).
4) Sources and Citations:
a) You will need to find at least four reliable sources to gather
information from, and summarize using your own words. You
may use direct quotes, but sparingly. Please cite these
appropriately using APA style.
b) You may use your textbook as one of your sources.
c) You must use at least one source that is non - internet.
d) You can quote from someone with experience in the area, but
you must be sure to give proper credit, and share their
credentials (i.e. they must have some expertise in the area).
e) Get creative!
Tip: Please cite these correctly on your brochure (see
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa
_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html (opens in a
new window) for helpful information. At least one source must
be a non-Internet source (our textbook, books, magazines and
newspaper articles are OK). If you use quotes from someone
with expertise be sure to use quotation marks and credit the
speaker.
5) Use a template.
The easiest way to create a brochure is to use either a Microsoft

5. Word or Microsoft Publisher pamphlet template. Microsoft
Word and Publisher are available on all Wake Tech computers
and those in many public libraries.
Step-by-step directions are available here: How to Make
Brochures on Microsoft Word (opens in a new window) If this
link doesn’t work, copy and paste this link into your browser:
http://www.wikihow.com/Make-Brochures-on-Microsoft-Word
OR here How to Create Brochures Using Microsoft Publisher
(link opens in a new window). If this link doesn’t work, copy
and paste this link into your browser:
http://www.wikihow.com/Create-Brochures-Using-Microsoft-
Publisher
Turning in Your Project: Your project must be in pamphlet form
or there is a deduction of one letter grade. Submit a copy of
your pamphlet with a word count on Blackboard by the deadline
and print out a hard copy for class presentation. Fold the hard
copy to make sure it looks appropriate.
Communicate with me early and often. Please come to my office
hours, or set up an appointment with me to ask any questions. I
am more than happy to work with you on content and/or
citations, but you must reach out to me prior to our final week
of the course.
PSY 118 Health Fair Brochure Grading Rubric
Student Name:
_____________________________________________________
Class Section: __________________
Topic:
_____________________________________________________
________ Date: _________________________

6. Professional
Adequate
Needs Work
Unsatisfactory
Format/
Organization
(20%)
20- The pamphlet has exceptionally attractive formatting and
very well-organized information.
15- The pamphlet has attractive formatting and well-organized
information.
10- The pamphlet has well-organized information.
5 to 0- The pamphlet’s formatting and organizations of material
are substandard and may be confusing to the reader.
Content
(50%)
50- Demonstrates an in-depth understanding of the assigned
topic and accurately presents research information. Project
goes “above and beyond” the minimum requirements for
content.
40- Demonstrates understanding of the topic
and presents research information with an adequate degree of
accuracy. Project meets all of content requirements.
30- Demonstrates limited understanding of the topic and/or
employs research information with a fair degree of accuracy.
Project is missing one or more of the content requirements.
20 to 0- Lacks understanding of the assigned topic and/or
reports only the most basic information. Project is missing two
or more of the content requirements.
Graphics/ Visual appeal
(20%)
20- The graphics go well with the text and there is a good mix
of text and graphics.

7. 15- The graphics go well with the text, but there are so many
that they distract from the text.
10- The graphics go well with the text, there are too few and the
brochure seems “text-heavy”.
5 to 0-The graphics do not go with the accompanying text or
appear to be randomly chosen.
Research/
Resources
(10%)
10- More than three reliable sources were located and cited
correctly.
8- Three reliable sources were located and cited correctly.
5- Two sources were located and cited correctly or the
resources used were of questionable reliability.
3 to 0- Only one resource was cited, resources were cited
incorrectly or were of very questionable reliability.
Proofreading
(subtracted)
-0 Spelling and mechanics are professional (no errors).
-5 Spelling and mechanics are adequate (no more than 2 minor
spelling or mechanical errors remain).
-8 Spelling and mechanics are poor (3 or more minor spelling
or mechanical errors or 1 or more major errors remain).
-10 to -20 Spelling and mechanical errors detract from the
content (4 or more minor spelling or mechanical errors or 2 or
more major errors remain).
Total Score: _____________ Comments:
_____________________________________________________
________________

8. Key points or relevant
quotations can be added in
text boxes for emphasis &
will also add visual appeal!
Tips for Success: Health Fair
Brochure
Project
This document has directions for
the PSY 118 Health Fair
assignment and is also a good
example of a tri-fold brochure
created using a Microsoft Word
template found online!
on what would be most helpful to
someone newly dealing with or
learning about your health topic.
ncise! Using bulleted or
numbered points will help reduce
wordiness.
minimum!) sans serif fonts like
Arial, Calibri or Tahoma and use
high contrast colors to make your
brochure easy to read!
fread, proofread!
Print out your brochure, fold it into

9. Make sure all information on your
brochure is visible when folded.
Consider adding pictures, clip art
images, charts, statistics, graphs and
quotes to make your brochure both
informative & interesting!
Add visual appeal!
If people are going to read
your brochure, it needs to be
attractive & informative!
Include only images that are
RELEVANT TO YOUR
TOPIC & ADD TO YOUR
CONTENT.
Strive to balance text &
images- don’t make it text-
heavy or add so many
images the content becomes
secondary.
Your name

10. PSY 118
Section #
Semester
and Year
Why is the Health Fair project
important?
A key part of Interpersonal
Psychology (and adjustment in life!)
is educating yourself about issues
that impact (or may potentially
impact) your health and/or that of
your loved ones. Accurate
knowledge is key as it gives us tools
to PROACTIVELY address health
issues, information to, hopefully,
prevent or reduce problems and
resources so we can more
effectively cope with the issue!
Project

11. Overview
For this
project you’ll
educate yourself
regarding a health related topic of your
choice and will share your knowledge
with your classmates. YOUR GOAL is to
give your peers knowledge that will
enable them to make choices leading to
the most physically &/or mentally
healthy life possible!
5 SIMPLE STEPS:
1. Choose your topic from the list
provided, then visit our Health Fair Forum
to start a thread on that topic (directions
are in our class BlackBoard forum).
2. Conduct your research, being sure to
use our book as one of your three
sources, when possible.
3. Create an educational tri-fold brochure
using one of the templates provided.
When you’re finished, you’ll have 2 pages
and 6 panels (3 panels on each page, like
this example). Save your brochure as a
Word, Publisher or pdf file.

12. 4. Share your knowledge by posting your
brochure in our online Health Fair Forum
(simply reply to your original post).
5. Visit our Health Fair Forum to learn more
about health issues. Feel free to comment
on projects and share your thoughts and
information about the various topics!
FULL-CREDIT BROCHURES WILL
INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
Details on each category are provided below
and elsewhere in this brochure!
(50 points possible)
-FOLD FORMAT & ORGANIZED
LAYOUT (20 points possible)
CITATIONS (20 points possible)
(10 points possible)
-2 points will
be deducted for each missed error
(grammar, spelling, typo, etc.)

13. Content Requirements:
1) Be sure to clearly (and in your OWN
WORDS) define all key terms relevant to
understanding your topic (20 points).
Write for the general public! Avoid jargon
by clearly explaining all medical or
psychological terms in language everyone
can understand.
2) Make it clear how your topic relates to
health (physical and/or mental) and
adjustment. This can include how
knowledge of your topic can help people
live better lives. If your topic is a health
problem, explain how to prevent it and
what can happen if someone does not
address it (30 points).
Format & Layout Requirements:
-FOLD
brochure , printable on LETTER-SIZED
8 1/2 x 11 inch (not legal sized) paper.
cover that includes a clear title, your
name, PSY 118 section # and
semester/year.

14. to use a TEMPLATE. Brochure templates
are available online for most word
processing programs (just google it!).
-by-step directions for using Word
or Publisher templates are available:
http://www.wikihow.com/Make-
Brochures-on-Microsoft-Word OR
http://www.wikihow.com/Create-
Brochures-Using-Microsoft-Publisher
Resource Requirements:
current sources (from the past 5 years).
http://www.easybib.com/reference/gui
de/mla/website for MLA help).
ust be a non-
Internet source (book, magazine article,
newspaper, our textbook, etc.).
textbook you MUST use and cite our
textbook as a source!
expertise (a nice touch!), be sure to use
quotation marks and credit the speaker.

15. For information on open
positions or to submit your
resume, please visit our Web
site at:
www.lucernepublishing.com
http://www.wikihow.com/Make-Brochures-on-Microsoft-Word
http://www.wikihow.com/Make-Brochures-on-Microsoft-Word
http://www.wikihow.com/Create-Brochures-Using-Microsoft-
Publisher
http://www.wikihow.com/Create-Brochures-Using-Microsoft-
Publisher
http://www.easybib.com/reference/guide/mla/website
http://www.easybib.com/reference/guide/mla/website
Journaling
Writing to cope with stress
Works Cited
Robb-Nicholson, Celeste, M.D. "Writing About Emotions May
Ease Stress and Trauma." Writing about Emotions May Ease
Stress and Trauma. Harvard Health Publications, 11 Oct. 2011.
Web. 05 Dec. 2014.
Weiten, Wayne, Elizabeth Yost Hammer, and Dana
Dunn. Adjust: Applying Psychology to Life. N.p.: n.p., n.d.
Print.
Brown, Megan, and Nancy Brown, Ph.D. "Coping With

16. Stress." Pamf.org. Palo Alto Medical Foundation, July 2013.
Web. 5 Dec. 2014.
Name removed
PSY 118.0005
Fall 2016
What does
Mean?
Stress: a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting
from adverse or very demanding circumstances.
Cope: deal effectively with something difficult.
Trauma: a deeply distressing or disturbing experience.
PTSD: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a type of
anxiety disorder. It can occur after you have gone through an
extreme emotional trauma that involved the threat of injury or
death.
Emotional Intelligence: The capacity to be aware of, control,
and express one's emotions, and to handle interpersonal
relationships judiciously and empathetically.
Anxiety: a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, typically
about an imminent event or something with an uncertain
outcome.
Emotional Inhibition:
Holding back emotions in situations where it would be
healthier to express them.
Is Stress a Big Deal?
According to
Joseph Goldberg, M.D.:
43% percent of all adults’ health suffer due to stress.
75% to 90% of all medical visits are because patients are
stressed.

17. Stress can cause headaches, high blood pressure, heart
problems, diabetes, abnormal body cycles, skin conditions,
asthma, arthritis, PTSD, depression, and anxiety.
Stress costs employers more than $300 billion every year.
The chance of having an emotional disorder such as panic
attacks, PTSD, and depression is greater than 50%. All of these
are stress related.
http://www.webmd.com/balance/stress-management/effects-of-
stress-on-your-body
How Does Journaling Help?
Journaling is a way to say the things that we are too
afraid to voice physically. It is a way to relieve your
frustrations, anxieties, worries, and complaints in a way that is
safe, constructive way that is harmless to yourself and others.
Also known as expressive writing, journaling is also a
way to look back and see how you overcame obstacles.
Journaling can help you overcome emotion inhibitions.
For those who are uncomfortable showing emotion, it is a
healthy way to make small steps in becoming more emotionally
expressive.
How To Begin
Find an easy-to-use journal and a nice pen. You are more
prone to write if you like what you are writing in.
Don’t use a computer. You express more emotions in the
way you write than in the way you type. When you read a
journal, you can tell from the penmanship what emotion was
being expressed.
Set aside time in your day that is dedicated to

18. journaling.
Find a quiet spot to write. Although it’s trendy, coffee shops,
bakeries, and cafes are terrible places to focus.
Don’t over-commit. Start with ten minutes a day and write
about whatever you want. Work your way up to longer periods
of time rather than becoming discouraged that committed
journaling doesn’t come easily.
Name: _____________________
Week 1 Assignment GS102
Date: ___________________
What are the three main characteristics of living organisms that
the textbook highlights?
1. ___________________________
2._____________________________
3. ____________________________
From the list below, select TWO items that you consider alive,
and two others that you do not consider to be living
Acorn
Mushroom
Virus
Atom
Copy machine
Siri
· Coral
· Cloud
Sand dollar
Hamburger

19. Apply the properties of living organisms from the textbook to
justify your classification for each of the items you selected.
Living thing choice Number One: ______________
Here is how this living thing shows the properties of life:
Living thing choice Number Two: ________________
Here is how this living thing shows the properties of life:
Non-living thing choice Number One: _______________
Here are examples of why someone might think it is alive:
But here is evidence that is it not alive:
Non-living thing choice Number Two: _______________
Here are examples of why someone might think it is alive:
However, here is evidence that is it not alive:
References:
Starr, C., Evers, C. A., & Starr, L. (2016). Biology: Today &
tomorrow without physiology.
Australia: Cengage Learning.