Assignment 1: Case Study Assignment: Assessment Tools and Diagnostic Tests in Adults and Children When seeking to identify a patient’s health condition, advanced practice nurses can use a diverse selection of diagnostic tests and assessment tools; however, different factors affect the validity and reliability of the results produced by these tests or tools. Nurses must be aware of these factors in order to select the most appropriate test or tool and to accurately interpret the results. Not only do these diagnostic tests affect adults, body measurements can provide a general picture of whether a child is receiving adequate nutrition or is at risk for health issues. These data, however, are just one aspect to be considered. Lifestyle, family history, and culture—among other factors—are also relevant. That said, gathering and communicating this information can be a delicate process. Photo Credit: Getty Images/Hero Images For this Assignment, you will consider the validity and reliability of different assessment tools and diagnostic tests. You will explore issues such as sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. You will also consider examples of children with various weight issues. You will explore how you could effectively gather information and encourage parents and caregivers to be proactive about their children’s health and weight. To Prepare Review this week’s Learning Resources and consider factors that impact the validity and reliability of various assessment tools and diagnostic tests. You also will review examples of pediatric patients and their families as it relates to BMI. By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to one of the following Assignment options by your Instructor: Adult Assessment Tools or Diagnostic Tests (option 1), or Child Health Case (Option 2).  Note: Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignments from your Instructor. Search the Walden Library and credible sources for resources explaining the tool or test you were assigned. What is its purpose, how is it conducted, and what information does it gather? Also, as you search the Walden library and credible sources, consider what the literature discusses regarding the validity, reliability, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, ethical dilemmas, and controversies related to the test or tool. If you are assigned Assignment Option 2 (Child), consider what health issues and risks may be relevant to the child in the health example. Based on the risks you identified, consider what further information you would need to gain a full understanding of the child’s health. Think about how you could gather this information in a sensitive fashion. Consider how you could encourage parents or caregivers to be proactive toward the child’s health. The Assignment Assignment (3–4 pages, not including title and reference pages) : Assignment Option 1: Adult Assessment Tools or Diagnostic Te.

1. Assignment 1: Case Study Assignment: Assessment Tools and
Diagnostic Tests in Adults and Children
When seeking to identify a patient’s health condition, advanced
practice nurses can use a diverse selection of diagnostic tests
and assessment tools; however, different factors affect the
validity and reliability of the results produced by these tests or
tools. Nurses must be aware of these factors in order to select
the most appropriate test or tool and to accurately interpret the
results.
Not only do these diagnostic tests affect adults, body
measurements can provide a general picture of whether a child
is receiving adequate nutrition or is at risk for health issues.
These data, however, are just one aspect to be considered.
Lifestyle, family history, and culture—among other factors—are
also relevant. That said, gathering and communicating this
information can be a delicate process.
Photo Credit: Getty Images/Hero Images
For this Assignment, you will consider the validity and
reliability of different assessment tools and diagnostic tests.
You will explore issues such as sensitivity, specificity, and
positive and negative predictive values. You will also consider
examples of children with various weight issues. You will
explore how you could effectively gather information and
encourage parents and caregivers to be proactive about their
children’s health and weight.
To Prepare
Review this week’s Learning Resources and consider factors

2. that impact the validity and reliability of various assessment
tools and diagnostic tests. You also will review examples of
pediatric patients and their families as it relates to BMI.
By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to one of the
following Assignment options by your Instructor: Adult
Assessment Tools or Diagnostic Tests (option 1), or Child
Health Case (Option 2).
Note:
Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the
classroom for your assignments from your Instructor.
Search the Walden Library and credible sources for resources
explaining the tool or test you were assigned. What is its
purpose, how is it conducted, and what information does it
gather?
Also, as you search the Walden library and credible sources,
consider what the literature discusses regarding the validity,
reliability, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, ethical
dilemmas, and controversies related to the test or tool.
If you are assigned Assignment Option 2 (Child), consider what
health issues and risks may be relevant to the child in the health
example.
Based on the risks you identified, consider what further
information you would need to gain a full understanding of the
child’s health. Think about how you could gather this
information in a sensitive fashion.
Consider how you could encourage parents or caregivers to be
proactive toward the child’s health.

3. The Assignment
Assignment
(3–4 pages, not including title and reference pages)
:
Assignment Option 1: Adult Assessment Tools or Diagnostic
Tests:
Include the following:
A description of how the assessment tool or diagnostic test you
were assigned is used in healthcare.
What is its purpose?
How is it conducted?
What information does it gather?
Based on your research, evaluate the test or the tool’s validity
and reliability, and explain any issues with sensitivity,
reliability, and predictive values. Include references in
appropriate APA formatting.
Assignment Option 2: Child Health Case:
Include the following:

4. An explanation of the health issues and risks that are relevant to
the child you were assigned.
Describe additional information you would need in order to
further assess his or her weight-related health.
Identify and describe any risks and consider what further
information you would need to gain a full understanding of the
child’s health. Think about how you could gather this
information in a sensitive fashion.
Taking into account the parents’ and caregivers’ potential
sensitivities, list at least three specific questions you would ask
about the child to gather more information.
Provide at least two strategies you could employ to encourage
the parents or caregivers to be proactive about their child’s
health and weight.
Learning Resources
Required Readings
(click to expand/reduce)
Note:
To access this week's required library resources, please click
on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the
Course Materials
section of your Syllabus.
Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., &
Stewart, R. W. (2019).

5. Seidel's guide to physical examination: An interprofessional
approach
(9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.
Chapter 3, “Examination Techniques and Equipment”This
chapter explains the physical examination techniques of
inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. This chapter
also explores special issues and equipment relevant to the
physical exam process.
Chapter 8, “Growth and Nutrition”In this chapter, the authors
explain examinations for growth, gestational age, and pubertal
development. The authors also differentiate growth among the
organ systems.
Chapter 5, “Recording Information” (Previously read in Week
1)This chapter provides rationale and methods for maintaining
clear and accurate records. The text also explores the legal
aspects of patient records.
Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., &
Stewart, R. W. (2019). Student checklist: Health history guide.
In
Seidel's guide to physical examination
(9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.
Credit Line: Seidel's Guide to Physical Examination, 9th
Edition by Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B.
S., & Stewart, R. W. Copyright 2019 by Elsevier Health
Sciences. Reprinted by permission of Elsevier Health Sciences
via the Copyright Clearance Center.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Childhood
overweight and obesity. Retrieved from

6. http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood
This website provides information about overweight and obese
children. Additionally, the website provides basic facts about
obesity and strategies to counteracting obesity.
Chaudhry, M. A. I., & Nisar, A. (2017). Escalating health care
cost due to unnecessary diagnostic testing.
Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and
Technology
, (3), 569.
This study explores the escalating healthcare cost due the
unnecessary use of diagnostic testing. Consider the impact of
health insurance coverage in each state and how nursing
professionals must be cognizant when ordering diagnostics for
different individuals.
Dains, J. E., Baumann, L. C., & Scheibel, P. (2019).
Advanced health assessment and clinical diagnosis in primary
care
(6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.
Credit Line: Advanced Health Assessment and Clinical
Diagnosis in Primary Care, 6th Edition by Dains, J.E.,
Baumann, L. C., & Scheibel, P. Copyright 2019 by Mosby.
Reprinted by permission of Mosby via the Copyright Clearance
Center.
Chapter 1, “Clinical Reasoning, Evidence-Based Practice, and
Symptom Analysis”

7. This chapter introduces the diagnostic process, which includes
performing an analysis of the symptoms and then formulating
and testing a hypothesis. The authors discuss how becoming an
expert clinician takes time and practice in developing clinical
judgment.
Gibbs , H., & Chapman-Novakofski, K. (2012). Exploring
nutrition literacy: Attention to assessment and the skills clients
need.
Health, 4
(3), 120–124.
This study explores nutrition literacy. The authors examine the
level of attention paid to health literacy among nutrition
professionals and the skills and knowledge needed to understand
nutrition education.
Martin, B. C., Dalton, W. T., Williams, S. L., Slawson, D. L.,
Dunn, M. S., & Johns-Wommack, R. (2014). Weight status
misperception as related to selected health risk behaviors among
middle school students.
Journal of School Health, 84(
2), 116–123. doi:10.1111/josh.12128
Credit Line: Weight status misperception as related to selected
health risk behaviors among middle school students by Martin,
B. C., Dalton, W. T., Williams, S. L., Slawson, D. L., Dunn, M.
S., & Johns-Wommack, R., in Journal of School Health, Vol.
84/Issue 2. Copyright 2014 by Blackwell Publishing. Reprinted
by permission of Blackwell Publishing via the Copyright
Clearance Center.
Noble, H., & Smith, J. (2015) Issues of validity and reliability
in qualitative research .
Evidence Based Nursing, 18
(2), pp. 34–35.

8. Seidel, H. M., Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon,
B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2011). History subjective data
checklist. In
Mosby’s guide to physical examination
(7th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.
Credit Line:
Mosby’s Guide to Physical Examination
, 7th Edition by Seidel, H. M., Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn,
J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. Copyright 2011 by
Elsevier. Reprinted by permission of Elsevier via the Copyright
Clearance Center.
This History Subjective Data Checklist was published as a
companion to
Seidel’s Guide to Physical Examination
(8th ed.) by Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., & Flynn, J.A. Copyright
Elsevier (2015). From https://evolve.elsevier.com
Sullivan, D. D. (2019).
Guide to clinical documentation
(3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis.
Chapter 2, "The Comprehensive History and Physical Exam"
(Previously read in Week 1)
Chapter 5, "Pediatric Preventative Care Visits" (pp. 91 101)
Shadow Health Support and Orientation Resources
Use the following resources to guide you through your Shadow
Health orientation as well as other support resources:

9. Frey, C. [Chris Frey]. (2015, September 4). Student orientation
[Video file]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rfd_8pTJBkY
Document:
Shadow Health Support and Orientation Resources (PDF)
Shadow Health. (n.d.). Shadow Health help desk. Retrieved
from https://support.shadowhealth.com/hc/en-us
Document
: Shadow Health. (2014). Useful tips and tricks (Version 2)
(PDF)
Document
: Shadow Health Nursing Documentation Tutorial (Word
document)
Document
: Student Acknowledgement Form (Word document)
Note
: You will sign and date this form each time you complete your
DCE Assignment in Shadow Health to acknowledge your
commitment to Walden University’s Code of Conduct.
Optional Resource
LeBlond, R. F., Brown, D. D., & DeGowin, R. L. (2014).
DeGowin’s diagnostic examination
(10th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill Medical.
Chapter 3, "The Physical Screening Examination"Chapter 17,
"Principles of Diagnostic Testing"Chapter 18, "Common
Laboratory Tests"

10. Required Media
(click to expand/reduce)
Taking a Health History
How do nurses gather information and assess a patient’s
health? Consider the importance of conducting an in-depth
health assessment interview and the strategies you might use as
you watch. (16m)
Accessible player --Downloads--Download Video
w/CCDownload AudioDownload Transcript
Assessment Tool, Diagnostics, Growth, Measurements, and
Nutrition in Adults and Children - Week 3
(11m)
Accessible player --Downloads--Download Video
w/CCDownload AudioDownload Transcript
The Assignment
Assignment
(3–4 pages, not including title and reference pages)
:
Assignment Option 1: Adult Assessment Tools or Diagnostic
Tests:
Rapid strep testing in children:
Abolarin, Aladesanmi, Baribor, Blaclk, Claggett, Diaby and
Fadera

11. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test
:
Holmes, Johnson, Kier, Kung, Lukas, Moos and Moriango
Assignment Option 2: Child Health Case:Murray,Onyekwere,
Ramos, Sofowote, Sterchi, Williams and Young
Case:
Overweight 5-year-old black boy with overweight parents who
work full-time and the boy spends his time after school with his
grandmother
4 sources for this assignment.