Residency Assignment – ITS831
Course
ITS831 Information Technology Importance in Strategic Planning
Deliverable
Your team will conduct a literature review in Information Technology Strategic Planning.
You can also conduct a literature review on Strategy and how it is applied to an Information Technology organization.
You are to review the literature on Information Technology Strategic Planning and discuss problems and gaps that have been identified in the literature. You will expand on the issue and how researchers have attempted to examine that issue by collecting data – you are NOT collecting data, just reporting on how researchers did their collection.
As you read the literature, it will become apparent that there are multiple issues, pick one issue that stands out in the literature and agree on that as a Team to address that.
Format
Cover:
Include the names of those who participated in the project
Table of contents:
Use a Microsoft Enabled Table of Contents feature.
Background:
Describe the issue, discuss the problem, and elaborate on any previous attempts to examine that issue.
Research Questions:
In your identified problem area that you are discussing, what were the research questions that were asked?
Methodology:
What approach did the researcher use, qualitative, quantitative, survey, case study? Describe the population that was chosen.
Data Analysis:
What were some of the findings, for example, if there were any hypotheses asked, were they supported?
Conclusions:
What was the conclusion of any data collections, e.g., were research questions answered, were hypotheses supported?
Discussion:
Here you can expand on the research and what the big picture means, how do the results found in the literature review help organizations in the Information Technology strategy planning. What do you see as long-term impacts and what further research could be done in the field?
References:
Include at least ten scholarly references in APA format.
Sunday
PowerPoint
Presentation
Your presentation will have a slide that addresses each
· Cover
· Topic
· Background of the problem
· Research Questions (if any)
· Methodology
· Data Analysis
· Conclusion
· Discussion
· References
INFORMATION TO USERS
This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI
films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some
thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may
be from any type of computer printer.
The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the
copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality
illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins,
and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction.
In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete
manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if
unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate
the deletion.
.
Residency Assignment – ITS831CourseITS831 Information Technolo.docx
1. Residency Assignment – ITS831
Course
ITS831 Information Technology Importance in Strategic
Planning
Deliverable
Your team will conduct a literature review in Information
Technology Strategic Planning.
You can also conduct a literature review on Strategy and how it
is applied to an Information Technology organization.
You are to review the literature on Information Technology
Strategic Planning and discuss problems and gaps that have
been identified in the literature. You will expand on the issue
and how researchers have attempted to examine that issue by
collecting data – you are NOT collecting data, just reporting on
how researchers did their collection.
As you read the literature, it will become apparent that there are
multiple issues, pick one issue that stands out in the literature
and agree on that as a Team to address that.
Format
Cover:
Include the names of those who participated in the project
Table of contents:
Use a Microsoft Enabled Table of Contents feature.
Background:
Describe the issue, discuss the problem, and elaborate on any
previous attempts to examine that issue.
Research Questions:
2. In your identified problem area that you are discussing, what
were the research questions that were asked?
Methodology:
What approach did the researcher use, qualitative, quantitative,
survey, case study? Describe the population that was chosen.
Data Analysis:
What were some of the findings, for example, if there were any
hypotheses asked, were they supported?
Conclusions:
What was the conclusion of any data collections, e.g., were
research questions answered, were hypotheses supported?
Discussion:
Here you can expand on the research and what the big picture
means, how do the results found in the literature review help
organizations in the Information Technology strategy planning.
What do you see as long-term impacts and what further research
could be done in the field?
References:
Include at least ten scholarly references in APA format.
Sunday
PowerPoint
Presentation
Your presentation will have a slide that addresses each
· Cover
· Topic
· Background of the problem
· Research Questions (if any)
· Methodology
· Data Analysis
3. · Conclusion
· Discussion
· References
INFORMATION TO USERS
This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm
master. UMI
films the text directly from the original or copy submitted.
Thus, some
thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while
others may
be from any type of computer printer.
The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality
of the
copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor
quality
illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard
margins,
and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction.
In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a
complete
manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted.
Also, if
unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will
indicate
the deletion.
Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced
by
sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner
4. and
continuing from left to right in equal sections with small
overlaps. Each
original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in
reduced form at the back of the book.
Photographs included in the original manuscript have been
reproduced
xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and
white
photographic prints are available for any photographs or
illustrations
appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI
directly
to order.
University Microfilms International
A Bell & Howell Information C om pany
30 0 North Z e e b R oad. Ann Arbor. M l 48 1 0 6 -1 3 4 6
USA
3 1 3 /7 6 1 -4 7 0 0 8 0 0 /5 2 1 -0 6 0 0
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further
reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further
reproduction prohibited without permission.
O rd er N u m b er 9505519
In fo r m a tio n resource s tr a te g y d evelopm ent for t h e h
7. INFORMATION RESOURCE STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT
FOR THE HIGH
PERFORMANCE ORGANIZATION
BY
PETER A. STORTI
Presented to the faculty of the Graduate School of
The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements
for the Degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON
May 1994
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further
reproduction prohibited without permission.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This dissertation would not have been completed without the
support and guidance of my
advisor Dr. Don Liles and the other committee members who
gave of their time and themselves.
8. Additionally, it may never have been started if it were not for
the inspiration provided by many
teachers and professors throughout my education. I would like
to thank them individually and the
teaching profession as a whole.
March 17,1994
v
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further
reproduction prohibited without permission.
ABSTRACT
INFORMATION RESOURCE STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT
FOR THE HIGH
PERFORMANCE ORGANIZATION
Publication N o .__________
Peter A Storti, Ph.D.
The University of Texas at Arlington, 1994
Supervising Professor: D.H. Liles
The high performance organization of the nineties will need to
effectively utilize its infor-
9. mation resources. Developing the information resource strategy
for each enterprise is a critical
task.
America's executives are extensively involved in their firm's
capital planning cycle and
frequently, must approve even minor expenditures. In contrast,
information is not treated as a
critical resource. Most information is controlled locally, and the
decisions regarding its collection
and use are made at the department or individual level. Very
few executives would consider
telling a salesperson, "You made the sale; you decide what to do
with the money." Yet this is
what is done with the information an enterprise generates.
W e will look at the elements that are critical to the success of
a comprehensive information
resource strategy. Quality Function Deployment (Q FD ) is used
to support development and align
the information resource strategy with the business vision and
organizational structure.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further
reproduction prohibited without permission.
10. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
A C K N O W LED G EM EN
TS..........................................................................................
........................ v
A B S T R A C T
...............................................................................................
..........................................vi
LIST O F
ILLUSTRATIONS...................................................................
............................................ ix
LIST O F T A B L E S
...............................................................................................
................................ X
LIST O F A B BR EVIA TIO
NS..........................................................................................
....................xi
1. IN T R O D U C T IO N
...............................................................................................
............................. 1
1.1. Summary of
Problem..................................................................................
..................... 1
1.2. Statement of
Work......................................................................................
..................... 4
1.2.1. Objective of
11. Research.................................................................................
......4
1.2.2.
Deliverables............................................................................
............................ 5
1.3. Summary of
Results....................................................................................
..................... 6
2. Literature
Review................................................................................... .
........................................ 8
2.1. Quality Function
Deployment.............................................................................
.......... 11
2.2. Changing Manufacturing
Organizations......................................................................
13
2.2.1. Electronic Data M anagem
ent........................................................................ 13
2.2.2.
Teams.....................................................................................
........................... 14
2.2.3.
Structure/Strategy....................................................................
........................17
2.2.4.
Computerization......................................................................
......................... 18
2 .3. Information Importance in an
Enterprise.....................................................................19
2.3.1. Competitive
12. Advantage...............................................................................
... 20
2.3.2. The Future of
Manufacturing.........................................................................
23
2.3.3. Impact of
technology..............................................................................
......... 24
2.4. Interrelationship of Organization and
Information..................................................... 27
2.4.1. Theoretical
Relationship............................................................................
..... 28
2.4.2. New
Roles......................................................................................
................... 31
2.4.3. Enterprise
Optimization...........................................................................
....... 32
3. Methodology
Development...........................................................................
.............................. 35
3.1. Preliminary
Methodology...........................................................................
.................... 35
3.1.1. Q F D
............................................................................. ..................
.................... 35
3.1.2.
Catalogs..................................................................................
...........................35
3.1.3.
Process......................................................................... ..........
13. ...........................36
3.2. Text
Studies....................................................................................
................................ 36
3.2.1. The Effective Executive by Peter
Drucker................................................... 37
3.2.2. Thriving on Chaos by Tom
Peters..................................................................39
3.3. Interim
Catalogs..................................................................................
............................45
3.3.1. Assessment
Questions................................................................................
... 45
3.3.2. Customer
Requirements..........................................................................
....... 46
3.3.3. Technical
Specifications..........................................................................
....... 48
vii
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further
reproduction prohibited without permission.
3.4. Case
Study......................................................................................
...............................49
3.4.1. Customer/User Team Identification
(A1)..................................................... 50
3.4.2. Customer Requirements Development (A 2
14. ).............................................. 51
3.4.3. Technical Specification Development
(A6)..................................................54
3.4.4. Information Resource Strategy Analysis (A 9
)............................................. 57
3.5.
Retrospect...............................................................................
.......................................60
4.
Conclusions.............................................................................
...................................................62
4.1. Deliverables and
Methodology...........................................................................
......... 62
4.1.1.
Catalogs..................................................................................
..........................62
4.1.2. Questions and
Forms.....................................................................................
.62
4.1.3. Methodology
Checklist.................................................................................
.. 63
4.2.
Execution................................................................................
........................................ 63
4.2.1. Team
Building..................................................................................
................ 63
4.2.2.
Interviews...............................................................................
...........................64
16. (D5)........................................................................................
... 77
Appendix B
...............................................................................................
......................................... 78
The Effective Executive
Study......................................................................................
.......79
QFD
Matrix.....................................................................................
.............................79
Notes......................................................................................
......................................80
Thriving on Chaos
Study......................................................................................
.................97
QFD
Matrix.....................................................................................
.............................97
Notes......................................................................................
......................................98
Case
Study......................................................................................
.....................................111
QFD
Matrix.....................................................................................
...........................111
Notes......................................................................................
....................................112
R E F E R E N C E S
...............................................................................................
17. ................................ 134
Other
Readings.................................................................................
................................... 139
viii
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further
reproduction prohibited without permission.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Page
Figure 1. 3-Phase Business Transformation
Model......................................29
Figure 2. Research
Scenario........................................................................... 37
Figure 3. QFD Matrix for The Effective
Executive.........................................41
Figure 4. QFD Matrix for Thriving On
Chaos............................................... 45
Figure 5. Case Study
Methodology................................................................ 50
Figure 6. Information Flow
Summary.............................................................. 54
Figure 7. Case Study
18. Matrix............................................................................ 57
*
ix
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further
reproduction prohibited w ithout permission.
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
Table 1.
Deliverables............................................................................
............. 5
Table 2. Information Assessment Questions
(D1)......................................... 46
Table 3. Structured Interview Form (D 5
)........................................................47
Table 4. Customer Requirements Catalog (D
2)...........................................47
Table 4. Customer Requirements Catalog (D2)
continued......................... 48
Table 5. Technical Specifications Catalog (D
3)...........................................49
x
19. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further
reproduction prohibited without permission.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CA Competitive Advantage Companies
ED P Electronic Data Processing
ILS Integrated Learning Systems
ISO International Standards Organization
IT Information Technology
NCA Non-Competitve Advantage Companies
O .I.S . Organization Information System
PE D Production Engineering Division (of the U.S. Army
Missile Command)
Q FD Quality Function Deployment
S M W T Self Managed Work Teams
S Q C Statistical Quality Control
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further
reproduction prohibited without permission.
1. INTRODUCTION
20. 1.1. Summary of Problem
The high performance organization of the nineties will need to
effectively utilize its infor-
mation resources. Developing the information resource strategy
for each enterprise is a critical
task.
America's executives are extensively involved in their firm's
capital planning cycle and
frequently, must approve even minor expenditures. In contrast,
information is not treated as a
critical resource. Most information is controlled locally, and the
decisions regarding its collection
and use are made at the department or individual level. Very
few executives would consider
telling a salesperson, "You made the sale; you decide what to do
with the money." Yet this is
what is done with the information an enterprise generates.
The challenge is here. Can we mobilize our information
resources to meet the needs of
our customers? Everyone, from the end user to the next person
in an assembly process, is a
customer. For an information resource strategy, the customers
become everyone in the
21. organization and anyone who may come in contact with the
product or organization. The CEO's,
managers, engineers, salespeople, marketing personnel,
purchasing agents, vendors, production
workers, end-users, field service technicians, etc. are all
customers, and customers are what is
important to a successful enterprise.
The information resource strategy sets the direction for business
processes and the com-
plex system that is the enterprise. How do we define the
requirements of a system with this
diversity of customers? This is a very difficult problem and
changes the traditional systems
design process. Traditional systems have been designed with a
much smaller customer base in
mind and have had a manageable and finite set of requirements.
If we consider the changing
1
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further
reproduction prohibited without permission.
2
22. nature of business and the equally variable customer base, we
have a constantly changing set of
requirements throughout the life of the system.
An approach to overcoming this dilemma is to design for
flexibility and continuous growth.
Select the top priority subset of requirements from a portion of
the user community and
implement the initial system with the vision that it will grow
and change as more users are added
and customer requirements change.
Planning for change will lead to challenges in documenting and
justifying a system,
especially as the growth takes place. Which customer
requirements are being met? What are
their priorities? What tradeoffs were made during design? How
do new requirements and
design changes affect existing priorities? Are the customer
requirements still being met? Do the
customers still have the original requirements the system was
designed to satisfy?
These are important questions if the system is going to satisfy
our customers over the long
haul. Quality function deployment (QFD) methodology is a
useful tool for designing and
23. documenting the information resource strategy under these
changeable conditions. QFD also
enables us to track system development over time by using and
updating the design matrices.
Is it enough to design the information resource strategy using
QFD? The performance of
the enterprise will be strengthened by the focus on customer
requirements but this may not be
enough to keep up with the competition. The information
resource strategy needs to be aligned
with the business vision and organizational structure. The
interrelationship of these three factors
affects the overall enterprise performance and therefore, its
competitive position.
How to develop information resource strategies that meet the
enterprise's requirements is
the specific problem that will be answered. This will include the
use of QFD and a methodology
for aligning the information resource strategy, business vision,
and organizational structure.
Therefore, three key concepts to understand are: business
vision, organizational structure,
and information resource strategy. The business vision is a
defined plan for making an
24. enterprise successful including goals and critical success
factors. The organizational structure is
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further
reproduction prohibited without permission.
the people and processes that operate the business including the
formal organization charts and
human resource procedures and equally important, the informal
norms and relationships.
The information resources are the primary focus of this work.
They include information,
information technology (IT), and paper systems. The paper
systems we are all familiar with
include memos, manuals, mail, and many other paper based
processes. IT is the corresponding
systems for electronic data. IT encompasses all of the hardware
and software used to collect,
store, and process electronic data.
Information is the most interesting portion of information
resources to define. Gregory
Bateson, noted anthropologist-philosopher, defines information
as any difference that makes a
difference. Information is data that has been presented in such a
25. way as to alter our expectation
or view. Information is something that can be used by the
customer to act in an effective
manner. The effectiveness of an enterprise is a measure of the
value of its information.
Information and adding to its value are the driving forces of an
information resource strategy.
It is clear that to turn our manufacturing competitive position
around, we will have to do
some things different. Developing information strategies that
match our enterprise's vision and
structure is an important step in the 1990's and beyond.
The information resource strategy is an important competitive
element. Sustainable
competitive advantage comes from leveraging the information a
company owns. An inforamtion
system that is consistent with the organization it serves and can
be continuously improved is a
competitive weapon. QFD is a tool that can provide the
structure for analysis of customer
requirements and support documentation changes for continuous
improvement.
An enterprise with the tools to provide customer satisfaction
and achieve continuous
26. improvement will own a sustainable competitive advantage. It
will be able to respond to new
opportunities where competitors without an aligned information
resource strategy will not.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further
reproduction prohibited without permission.
1.2. Statement of Work
The challenge we are facing is developing an information
resource strategy that supports
the organizational structure and vision of an enterprise. The
starting point is to identify the
business vision and organizational structure. Through the
methodology that has been
developed, the vision and structure are incorporated into the
information resource strategy. The
structure is included in the strategy development through the
composition of the user teams.
The business vision needs to be kept in mind during the
interview and prioritization process.
Both the vision and the structure need to be reviewed critically
during the process to evaluate
how they can be improved.
27. The development of customer requirements provides the basis
for the information strategy
design. Quality function deployment is the methodology used to
systematically incorporate the
voice of the customer into the design process. The QFD
software documents the requirements,
their priorities, and the process of deriving the requirements.
The Q F D matrix is a living
document that can be reviewed and updated to keep pace with
the changing enterprise.
The information resource strategy development methodology
was built through an iterative
process. Several different organizational structures and
philosophies were evaluated to
demonstrate how the QFD methodology can be applied to
developing an information resource
strategy. Two text studies and a case study were conducted. The
text studies used a
management textbook as the basis for determining the customer
requirements of the QFD
model. The text served as the enterprise being modeled. The
case study was conducted for the
manufacturing sector of a Fortune 100 company.
28. 1.2.1. Objective of Research
This research has developed and utilized a methodology for
understanding an organiza-
tion's information requirements and designing the strategy to
satisfy those needs. The result is a
methodology for developing an information resource strategy
based on the customer
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further
reproduction prohibited without permission.
5
requirements of the organization. The QFD matrix formalizes
the technical specifications to
make the strategy effective .
Catalogs of requirements and specifications were developed
through the analysis of a
number of organizations. The strategy development
methodology used can be applied by the
reader to their specific enterprise. Both the components of an
information resource strategy and
a means of developing it are made available through the
methodology.
The catalogs of requirements and specifications are the
29. blueprint for building an informa-
tion resource strategy for an enterprise. By identifying
organization specific customer
requirements and evaluating which technical specifications best
fulfill them, the strategy will be
forged.
1.2.2. Deliverables
The deliverables are:
Table 1. Deliverables
D1 Information Assessment
Tool
A list of questions to determine customer require-
ments.
D2 Customer Requirement
Catalog
A catalog of customer requirements
D3 Technical Specifications
Catalog
A catalog of technical specifications
D4 Information Resource
Strategy Checklist
Checklist for developing a QFD matrix model for
development of an information resource strategy
30. for an enterprise.
D5 Structured Interview Form Form to collect data from the
customer interviews.
The Information Assessment Tool is a list of questions for
conducting the interviews to
determine customer requirements. The questions are designed to
identify information sources,
flows, and analysis in a job function. The questions should be
reviewed and modified to reflect
an enterprise's vision.
The Customer Requirements Catalog is a list of customer
requirements generated from
the studies. These requirements may serve as a starting point for
an analyst or customer to
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further
reproduction prohibited without permission.
understand what the information resource requirements of their
business may be. The
categories the requirements are grouped into may be a
beginning for consolidating the
requirements of a study.
The Technical Specifications Catalog is a list of the systems
31. and processes to fulfill the
customer requirements. It serves to emphasize the broad scope
of solutions to be considered
and help identify solutions for gaps in meeting the customer
requirements.
The Information Resource Strategy Checklist is a step by step
map for implementing the
methodology. It is designed as an aid for the analyst or an
overview for someone evaluating the
methodology.
The Structured Interview Form is designed to uniformly collect
information during the
customer interviews. It was developed during the case study to
facilitate the use of multiple
interviewers. The form also aided in the analysis of results by
structuring the customer input in
the same format. The large amount of data was much easier to
assimilate this way. This form
should be evaluated and modified based on organizational
structure and business vision factors.
1.3. Summary o f Results
The reader of this dissertation will gain a different perspective
on the role of information in
32. a high performance organization. In particular, it will show how
the consistency of organizational
philosophy, structure, and information strategy are
interdependent for achieving business
objectives. By using the example studies and following the
information resource development
methodology one would be able to analyze other organizations.
Development of an information
…
�
�
������� �
���
���
�
�
�
�����������������������������������
��
�
�
�
�
�� !� !������"�