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- 1. Meet my Maker Socio-economic implications of post- industrial industrialization Karen van der Moolen, MA Project Developer Open Data & Open Design
- 7. Open Design Lab empowers people to make and understand products and production by sharing knowledge and the means of production, and creating community platforms for collaborative design.
- 8. We have entered the era of design by everyone. BEWARE, OPEN DESIGN NOW HELLO WORLD DIY More of us have the urge, skills and knowledge to KNOWLEDGE THIS BOOK IS participate in the design process. The open movement CO-CREATION OPEN EVERYTHING OPEN NOW! is changing the way we shape and experience the world REVOLUTION AESTHETICS: 3D This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. This means that you are free to share — to copy, around us. And the good news is: this is the best thing STANDARDS distribute and transmit the work, and to remix — to adapt the work, under the following conditions: ever for professional designers. AMATEURISSIMO Attribution — You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Open Design Now is the rst comprehensive take on Noncommercial — You may not use this work for commercial purposes. BLUEPRINTS Share Alike — If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, open design reaching from its roots, via its current REMIX you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one. drivers, all the way to its future. Whether you are With the understanding that any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Where the work or any of its elements is in the public domain a sceptic or a true believer, a business leader or an MASS CUSTOMIZATION under applicable law, that status is in no way affected by the license. enthusiast, an aspiring talent or an award-winning ACTIVISM In no way are any of the following rights affected by the license: your fair dealing or fair use rights, or other professional, Open Design Now gives you the tools BLUEPRINTS applicable copyright exceptions and limitations; the author’s moral rights; rights other persons may have either in the work itself or in how the work is used, such as publicity or to position yourself among the pioneers of the HACKING privacy rights. phenomenon. CO-CREATION For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. The best way to do this is with a link to the web page of the license as stated below. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons. The insightful articles on all aspects of open design SHARING org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California 94105, USA. are supported by case studies ranging from the RepRap to the Instructables Restaurant and from the REPRODUCTION (Un)limited Design Contest to $50 Prosthetic Legs. HACKING DESIGN SOCIAL DESIGN “Openness is more than a commercial and cultural issue. It’s a matter of survival.” John Thackara nederland Open Design Now is a collaborative effort of Creative Commons Netherlands, Premsela, Dutch Platform for Design and Fashion and Waag Society. *+2*,2))111),3,4
- 10. Meet my maker - The socio-economical implications of post-industrial industrialization
- 12. SIGN We have entered the era of design by everyone. BEWARE, OPEN DESIGN NOW HELLO WORLD DIY REMAIN More of us have the urge, skills and knowledge to KNOWLEDGE THIS BOOK IS VE participate in the design process. The open movement CO-CREATION OPEN EVERYTHING OPEN NOW! object is no different from as van Abel, Lucas Evers, Roel is changing the way we shape and experience the world REVOLUTION AESTHETICS: 3D This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. This means that you are free to share — to copy, around us. And the good news is: this is the best thing STANDARDS distribute and transmit the work, and to remix — to adapt the work, under the following conditions: l change everything for Atkinson ever for professional designers. AMATEURISSIMO Attribution — You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Open Design Now is the rst comprehensive take on Noncommercial — You may not use this work for commercial purposes. ble to bene t from the promise of BLUEPRINTS Share Alike — If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, of creativity.” Andrew Katz open design reaching from its roots, via its current REMIX you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one. y earn more than many other more socially acceptable than drivers, all the way to its future. Whether you are With the understanding that any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. a sceptic or a true believer, a business leader or an Where the work or any of its elements is in the public domain ost Smiers under applicable law, that status is in no way affected by MASS CUSTOMIZATION the license. a way to ensure that creativity he producer’s front door.” enthusiast, an aspiring talent or an award-winning ACTIVISM In no way are any of the following rights affected by the license: your fair dealing or fair use rights, or other professional, Open Design Now gives you the tools BLUEPRINTS applicable copyright exceptions and limitations; the author’s moral rights; rights other persons may have either in the to position yourself among the pioneers of the HACKING work itself or in how the work is used, such as publicity or stern person today has access to privacy rights. Queen Victoria owned during her rman phenomenon. CO-CREATION For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. The best way to do this is with a link to the web page of the license as stated below. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons. elop creative ideas that come ormal people, not graduates from The insightful articles on all aspects of open design SHARING org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California 94105, USA. .” Renny Ramakers are supported by case studies ranging from the g part in the creative process, ware of the expert within, gives RepRap to the Instructables Restaurant and from the REPRODUCTION dence to take initiative.” ers & Co (Un)limited Design Contest to $50 Prosthetic Legs. HACKING DESIGN SOCIAL DESIGN ill help us nd inspired ways to ssues like identity and choice in “Openness is more than a commercial and cultural redictable networks.” issue. It’s a matter of survival.” John Thackara on to ask is not which process est design. The fundamental mpler: what is right and just?” nederland Open Design Now is a collaborative effort of Creative Commons Netherlands, nnow.org Premsela, Dutch Platform for Design and Fashion and Waag Society. ) *+2*,2))111),3,4 Objects with an experiential dimension transform into tangible memories, whereas pure objects are subject to material degradation and devaluation (Tommy Laitio, Open Design Now 2011).
- 21. BACK TO THE FUTURE: PRODUCTS BECOME PERSONAL AGAIN CRAFT MASS PRODUCTION AUTOMAKE DESIGNER/ DESIGNER MAKER MAKER/ CONSUMER/ CO-DESIGNER CO-DESIGNER WORKSHOP FACTORY INTERACTIVE DIGITAL DESIGN PROCESS VARIABLE STANDARDIZED PERSONALIZED PRODUCTS PRODUCTS PRODUCTS PASSIVE CONSUMER CONSUMER PROSUMER
- 26. Its not about good design, but about just design Karen van der Moolen karen@waag.org +31 020 557 98 98
Editor's Notes
- Brief introduction of WS, our methods and continue with our Open Design program and specifically some thoughts on socio-economic implications of post-industrial industrialization.\n
- Waag Society is a Dutch institute for art, science and technology. \n\nWe are housed in two historical buildings in the centre of Amsterdam:\n\nLeft: The Waag, the 17th century entrance gate to the city. \nRight: Pakhuis de Zwijger, an 1930’s warehouse situted next to the IJ-meer lake.\n
- WS has its roots in the Digital City of Amsterdam in 1994. \n\n1994, The Digital City made Internet freely available to the people of Amsterdam, extending the public domain beyond the streets, squares, and buildings of the city. \n\nSince then Waag Society has been designing for the real needs of real people by bringing together artists, designers, scientists and prospective users.\n\n
- Waag Society employs Creative Research: \n\nExperimental, multidisciplinary research that puts artists and users at the heart of development, giving all of them a stake in the end result. \n\n
- It creates innovative applications within the domains of healthcare, civil society, culture and education. \n\nIt’s research agenda includes tangible interfaces, narrative structures, gaming principles, semantic web, locative media and design methodologies.\n\nOf the last 16 years this has lead to many ideas, prototypes, pilots and products – from playful educational adventures and serious interactive games for the elderly, to location based routes for museums. \n\n
- Fablab is on of Waag Society’s main instruments for creative research. Many of you may know about Fab Lab. It’s a rapid prototyping facility accessible to everybody who’s interested, and equipped to make almost anything, \n\nFablab helps conceive digital designs to solves a local problem and is made into tangible object using the Fablab machinery. Because the object is described in digital form, one can send it across the world, sharing and discuss solutions, add expertise, adjust to local circumstances and make the file into a physical object again in a local Fablab.\n\nThe Fablab concept was conceived by professor Neil Gershenfeld from the MIT Centre for Bits and Atoms and the international Fab Foundations.\n\n
- Open Design Lab is one of WS research programmes, and is strongly connected to the Fablab. \n\n\n\n
- Our mission is translated into a strategy covering three themes: Open Design Core, Future Architecture and Open (re)source.\n\nDoes anybody know what the last picture represents? \n\n
- And now? \n
- \nIndustrialization separated knowledge workers from makers and makers from users, it gave rise to a separate knowledge economy and makers industry. \nProducts have gained in complexity but have lost in transparency. Underlying processes are not visible anymore. Today people simply do not know where products come from anymore, who made them or how.\n\nPost-industrial industrialization has reshaped the natural connection between knowlegde workers, makers and users. Technology and knowledge networks bring these groups closer than ever and will have great impact on the world economy: What will happen when i.e. Africa or Chine will have full access to the knowledge economy, and have the means to make things themselves at the same time?\n\nOne of WS Open Design Lab’s research topics is Open (Re)Source, striving to create transparent, honest products and production lines. We feel that knowledge of and participation in design and production processes creates socio-economical value for both people and products.\n\nParticipation is a strong driver for sustainability.\n\n\n
- Now back to the picture. Thomas Thwaites felt that due to mass production we lost our sense of origin of day to day products. He asked himself: how to make a toaster?\n\nIn traditional crafts one could see how it was made, by the way it looked. Thwaites wanted the same for his toaster, he wanted to show the story of the toaster.\n\n\n
- The point we like to make is that, taking part in the creative process associates the final result more strongly with an experience. The sense of ownership generated by participation creates a stronger emotional bond, both between object and its owner, and between the object and the people in the owner’s network. \n\nObjects with an experiential dimension transform into tangible memories, whereas pure objects are subject to material degradation and devaluation (Tommy Laitio, Open Design Now 2011).\n\n
- Fairphone is one of two WS projects, that demonstrates how this open resource or ‘reverse engineering’ may lead to social-economical value.\n\nFairPhone is the first collective, non-profit mobile phone producer in the world, designed by the world; Everyone, from Europe to Africa, can participate in creative challenges via the FairPhone website. From designing your favourite phone to promoting the final product.\n\nTogether with Niza (Dutch NGO), Waag Society develops an online platform to make the production process of the mobile phone more transparent, to work together with (inter)national consumers through open-source software and to activate and mobilize people to collectively develop an alternative for conventional mobile phones.\n\n\n
- An important part of making an actual FairPhone is tracing the mobile phone back to its source: Congo. Congolese mines are the world’s supplier of mobile phone batteries, or to be more precise the basic material it consists of: cobalt. \n\nA Fairphone team actually went to Congo to trace the cobalt back to its source and investigate how to make cobalt production a fair practice for the workers. \n\n10 min documentary on http://fairphone.com/\n\nOne of the actions that follows from this journey is the development of a trading post in Congo; and a collecting money to buy them a Spectrometer, a tool for the miners to check the actual amount of cobalt in a piece of rock, securing the miners will get a fair price for the cobalt.\n\nUnderstanding where the phone is comming from, how it’s made, adds value to it, the personal effort of every person in the production chain. The product is not simply a piece of machinery in a box. The phone will tell a story. Understanding the story will stop you from easily replace it.\n\n
- In a project called 50$ Prosthesis \n\nWS and partners are developing the technology to produce a lower leg prosthesis in line with the open innovation principles, so that end users, designers, researchers and manufacturers can arrive at product innovation by joint effort, resulting in a 50 dollar prosthesis.\n\nHow can the Fablab infrastructure enhance and accelerate the production of ‘lower leg’ prostheses? And how can it help a developing country like Indonesia to become more self-reliant?\n\n
- Simple lower leg prosthesis are available in developing countries come in many forms and shapes\n\nOur aim is to demonstrate that using Fablab methodology we can design and make a lower leg prosthesis that is:\n\n•Cheap by using local materials (aluminium/ bamboo)\n•Easy (quick) to produce (2 per day)\n•Easy to modify to personal needs without prosthesis experts intervention \n\n\n
- Funded by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs we where able to build a Fab Lab in Yogyakarta, Java. Hosted by HONF House of Natural Fiber.\n\nBy doing so empowering locals, create new jobs and spread orthopedic knowlegde.\n\nNext 2.5 years will we work to gether on designing this 50 Dollar prosthesis, amoungst others.\n\n
- An other theme we’ve been working on, related to open resource, is Open Design Core.\n\nIn which we focus on creating platforms for the designer community and business models for open design.\n\n\n
- 2 years ago decided to set up a contest based on Fablab principles. Called Unlimited Design Contest.\n\nOur aim was to get\n- Great designs & finished products\n- Good documentation on these products\n- Build an open design repository\n- The contest would function as showcase for Fablab\n\nThe basic idea was, everybody could enter a design in the contest, as long as it was digitally designed and fabricated and provided with a blueprint instruction. \n\nThree types of entry: Form, Food & Fashion.\n\nSecond year we added to the experiment, stimulated derivative work based on existing UDC work: Fushion. > Difficult, originality of idea’s is important in design community\n\n\n
- \nEven though they were open source, they were picked up by traditional design culture.\n\nSome designs became very popular and actually started selling. \n\n
- Second project: Design company Droog contacted us, they wanted to create platform together on downloadable design, not only digital fabrication but also focussing on craftsmenship and high quality products.\n\nThey wanted to change their production model in terms of investments, distribution, time to market etc\n\nThere would be two options:\n- Consumer buys products which still have to be made \n- Consumers download blueprints and make the product themselves\n\nThis would result in a revenu for\n- Production of on demand design products\n- Making facility, the making of the product would become a consumer experience)\n\nThe biggest challenge is to unite prodution facilities, open design vision and traditional design markted into new business model.\n\n\n
- The result was a platform on which we can experiment with several business models\n\n- Production of on demand design\n- DIY downloadable blueprints and instructions\n- Community (open design, iterations)\n
- Key value for consumer: User design interface, the consumer is able to get personalized products. Software supports de consumer, calculating fabrication file.\n\n
- Perfect fit swimwear, design and fabricated using a laser cutter.\n\nKey value for fabricators: Benefits of the new technology, no stitching needed. The laser melts the cutted fabric, so it has no open endings.\n
- Despite, we are still left with a question: \n\nCan a community create beter solutions through open design?\n\nMaybe ..., maybe it’s more accurate to say transparency and participation should be at the core of problem solving processes.\n\nAll three projects we get reacquainted with our makers. The Fairphone project demonstrates participatory design and it’s added value for fair and sustainable production processes. The 50 dollar prosthesis project shows how participatory design will result in better, affordable products, for actual users. Downloadable design is a possible answer to mass production and distribution, shortening supply and demand chain via digital design, distribution and production based on personal needs. \n\n\n\n\n
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