D Mehta Globelics2009

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UNEARTHING
INNOVATION
On Conservation & Development:
The Role of Traditional
Mud Brick Architecture Firms in Southern Yemen

Deepa Mehta, M.Sc. / Columbia University GSAPP
deepamehta@caa.columbia.edu
www.learn.columbia.edu/tarim/
Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

Does the conservation of mud brick architecture in southern
Yemen have important regional growth implications?

Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

Do the conservation practices of mud brick architecture in
southern Yemen have important regional growth implications?

• Does innovation play a role in mud
brick construction practices today?

• How can heritage-labeled informal
industries contribute to
development goals?

• How can the heritage framework
play a more informed role in the
Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar development framework?

Context

YEMEN

Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

SEYOUN, CAPITAL OF THE HADHRAMAUT

Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

SHIBAM, WORLD HERITAGE CITY

Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

TARIM, HOME OF AL-KAF FAMILY HISTORIC VILLAS

Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

Conceptual Framework
social institutions

Heritage TRADITIONAL Economic
Conservation INDUSTRIES Development

technological change
Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

On Development

• Embedded in non-economic
social & cultural institutions
(Braudel, 1992)

• Alternative growth
trajectories (Harris-White,
2003)

• On ﬂexibility & specialization
(Seibel & Zeitlin, 1997)

Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

Development Realities in the Hadhramaut

• Institution-building
- poverty reduction
- providing support for SMEs

• Globalizing dynamics
- new construction typologies
- improvements in literacy, education, & career choice

• Rich cultural landscape
- heritage conservation agencies & on-going projects
- world heritage sites & cultural tourism

Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

Mud brick ﬁrms & the basic building process

Demand Supply
5 TO 8 MONTHS

Home owner SME MATERIALS DESIGN/BUILD
Mastercraftsman
Craftsman Local; Permits
Building owner Apprentice Regional; Construction
General Builder
Natural Partnerships
Mosque Mud
Lumber
Government Straw

Regional;
International;
Industrial:
Glass
Sewage/
Telecom. Public
Infrastructure
Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

On Conservation

• Intrinsic connection to
societal values & traditions
(Nasser, 2003)

• Intangible heritage as social
process (Katsamudanga,
2005)

• Ongoing vernacular
traditions are living heritage
(Jokilehto, 1998)

• Community in heritage
management (Akrout-Yaiche,
2002)
Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

Conservation relationships in Hadhramaut

INTERNATIONAL WMF ICOMOS UNESCO
GTZ
SFD Ministry of
Planning
NATIONAL
Ambassador’s
GOAM
Fund for GOPHCY
Heritage
Preservation
Foreign
REGIONAL Direct
Investment
Mud Hadhramaut
Brick Regional
Governorate
CBE SMEs Tarimi Assembly
for Heritage
LOCAL Protection
PRIVATE PUBLIC

Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

Living Heritage: evidence of innovation?

• Conservation is a social process
• Development includes living heritage
•For a way forward, there is a need for good policy that includes:

INDUSTRIAL ANALYSIS
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
SOCIAL POLICY
ECONOMIC POLICY

• Need for an effective heritage- development dialogic

Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

THANK YOU

Deepa Mehta, M.Sc. / Columbia University GSAPP
deepamehta@caa.columbia.edu
www.learn.columbia.edu/tarim/
Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

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D Mehta Globelics2009

1. UNEARTHING INNOVATION On Conservation & Development: The Role of Traditional Mud Brick Architecture Firms in Southern Yemen Deepa Mehta, M.Sc. / Columbia University GSAPP deepamehta@caa.columbia.edu www.learn.columbia.edu/tarim/ Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

2. Does the conservation of mud brick architecture in southern Yemen have important regional growth implications? Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

3. Do the conservation practices of mud brick architecture in southern Yemen have important regional growth implications? • Does innovation play a role in mud brick construction practices today? • How can heritage-labeled informal industries contribute to development goals? • How can the heritage framework play a more informed role in the Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar development framework?

4. Context YEMEN Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

5. Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

6. Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

7. SEYOUN, CAPITAL OF THE HADHRAMAUT Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

8. SHIBAM, WORLD HERITAGE CITY Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

9. TARIM, HOME OF AL-KAF FAMILY HISTORIC VILLAS Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

10. Conceptual Framework social institutions Heritage TRADITIONAL Economic Conservation INDUSTRIES Development technological change Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

11. On Development • Embedded in non-economic social & cultural institutions (Braudel, 1992) • Alternative growth trajectories (Harris-White, 2003) • On ﬂexibility & specialization (Seibel & Zeitlin, 1997) Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

12. Development Realities in the Hadhramaut • Institution-building - poverty reduction - providing support for SMEs • Globalizing dynamics - new construction typologies - improvements in literacy, education, & career choice • Rich cultural landscape - heritage conservation agencies & on-going projects - world heritage sites & cultural tourism Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

13. Mud brick ﬁrms & the basic building process Demand Supply 5 TO 8 MONTHS Home owner SME MATERIALS DESIGN/BUILD Mastercraftsman Craftsman Local; Permits Building owner Apprentice Regional; Construction General Builder Natural Partnerships Mosque Mud Lumber Government Straw Regional; International; Industrial: Glass Sewage/ Telecom. Public Infrastructure Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

14. On Conservation • Intrinsic connection to societal values & traditions (Nasser, 2003) • Intangible heritage as social process (Katsamudanga, 2005) • Ongoing vernacular traditions are living heritage (Jokilehto, 1998) • Community in heritage management (Akrout-Yaiche, 2002) Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

15. Conservation relationships in Hadhramaut INTERNATIONAL WMF ICOMOS UNESCO GTZ SFD Ministry of Planning NATIONAL Ambassador’s GOAM Fund for GOPHCY Heritage Preservation Foreign REGIONAL Direct Investment Mud Hadhramaut Brick Regional Governorate CBE SMEs Tarimi Assembly for Heritage LOCAL Protection PRIVATE PUBLIC Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

16. Living Heritage: evidence of innovation? • Conservation is a social process • Development includes living heritage •For a way forward, there is a need for good policy that includes: INDUSTRIAL ANALYSIS LEGAL FRAMEWORK SOCIAL POLICY ECONOMIC POLICY • Need for an effective heritage- development dialogic Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

17. THANK YOU Deepa Mehta, M.Sc. / Columbia University GSAPP deepamehta@caa.columbia.edu www.learn.columbia.edu/tarim/ Deepa Mehta 06 - 08 October 2009 GLOBELICS Dakar

D Mehta Globelics2009

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