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NEWER VACCINE PPT.ppt
1. Newer Vaccines
Presented by
S. PRANAY KUMAR
“With theexception of safe water,no other intervention,not even
antibiotics, has had such a major effect on mortality
reduction”
2. ❑ “A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a
particular disease”
❑A vaccine typically contains an agent:
✓ Resembles a disease-causing microorganism
✓ Often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its
toxins or one of its surface proteins
❑The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the
agent as foreign, destroy it, and “remember” it, so that the
immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of
these microorganisms if encounters later.
2
WHAT IS VACCINE ?
3. NEWER VACCINES and their
RELEVANCE
⚫‘New’ is relative:
❖New to the Immunization program
❖New because of recent discovery
❖New to the specific market or region (after Licensing)
⚫Introduction of a New vaccine may be
❖Vaccine againsta disease not previously
covered by
immunization
❖New product formulation of a
vaccine (e.g., a liquid vaccine replacing a
lyophilized vaccine)
❖New combination vaccine (e.g., DTP-HepB-Hib replacing
previous individual vaccines)
❖Vaccine that uses a new route of administration in place
replacing an oral vaccine) 9
5. ⚫ Contains 5 antigens (DPT + Hep.B + Hib)
⚫ In UIP in India, Liquid vaccine available in 10 dose vials is being used
⚫ Dose : 0.5 ml; 3 doses at 6, 10 and 14 weeks
⚫ Targeted for children aged <1 year
⚫ Booster dose is not recommended in India
⚫ Common S/E : Redness, swellingand pain
at injection site, fever, irritability for short period
⚫ AEFI is not higher than that reported with DPT vaccine alone
⚫ Complete vaccine series induces protective efficacy of 95%
PENTAVALEN
T VACCINE
5
6. Upon ingestion of OPV vaccine, the live attenuated polioviruses
replicate in the intestinal mucosa and lymphoid cells in
the oropharynx and intestine, in a similar manner to wild poliovirus
infection. Vaccine viruses are excreted in the stool
of the vaccinated person for up to 6 weeks after a dose, with
maximum shedding in the first 1 to 2 weeks after vaccination.
Revised fipv schedule in govt routine immunization started from
1 st janurary 2023.
Current doses:- 2 doses of fipv vaccine each of 0.1 ml, intradermal
route at 6 and 14 weeks
Revised schedule:- 3 does of fipv vaccine each 0.1 ml, ID at 6
weeks,14 weeks and 9 months
8. Measles-Rubella(MR)Vaccine
8
⚫ India launched one of the world’s largest vaccination campaigns
against Measles and Rubella with technical support from WHO on 5th
February, 2017
⚫ Launched in 5 states/UTs - Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Puducherry,
Goa and Lakshadweep covering nearly 3.6 crore children. The
campaign is targeted at vaccinating more than 41 crore children in the
age group of 9 months to less than 15 years over the next 2 years
across the country
⚫ MR vaccine has been introduced in routine immunization and has
replaced measles vaccine, given at 9-12 months and 16-24 months of
age, in selected states
⚫ Till Dec 2018, more than 20 crore children have been provided MR
9. 1. Killed whole bacteria with side
effects.
2. Capsular material (Vi antigen) that
is safer and more
effective.
3. Live oral vaccine, attenuated
s.thypi strain
Oral vaccines are still being
developed to distribute in
developing countries. Ty21a is also
being used to
carry foreign antigens from Shigella
and V.
cholerae.
•WHO recommends a 0.5 mL single
dose of CV in children from 6 months
and in adults up to 45 years
• In Endemic regions like India... WHO
also encourages routine programmatic
administration of CV to children at the
same time as other vaccines, at 9
months or in the second year of life.
Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever
are most common in parts of the world
where water and food may be unsafe
and sanitation is poor. Travellers to
South Asia, especially Pakistan, India,
and Bangladesh, should take
precautions to prevent infection.
The types of salomonella is organism
is salomonella thypoid and parathypoid
are more common in India
According mission
indradhanush thypoid
vaccine is included
10. MALARIA VACCINE
About half of the world's population is at risk. Large areas of
Africa and South Asia and parts of Central and South
America, the Caribbean, Southeast Asia, the Middle East,
and Oceania are considered areas where malaria
transmission occurs.
11. IF THE VACCINE
11
TARGETS
ITS GOAL IS TO
Pre- erythrocytic
stage
Prevent infection
Blood stage Reduce clinical disease
Sexual stage or
transmission blocking
Prevent the spread of parasites by
mosquitoes
MALARIA VACCINE
Concept of Stage Targeting
12. RTS,S/AS01(MOSQUIRIX)
12
◦ 'RTS' stands for 'repeat T epitopes' derived from the sporozoite
protein; 'S' stands for the S antigen derived from Hbs antigen; AS01
is a adjuvant
⚫ RTS,S/AS01 – most advanced vaccine candidate against most
deadly form of human malaria Plasmodium falciparum, with no
protection against P. vivax malaria
⚫ Reconstituted 0.5mL vaccine
⚫ Administered by intramuscular injection into:
▪ antero-lateral thigh in 6-12 weeks age group, and
▪ left deltoid in 5-17 months age group
13. DENGUE VACCINE
13
The disease is common in many popular tourist
destinations in the Caribbean (including Puerto Rico),
Central and South America, Southeast Asia, and the
Pacific Islands.
14. DENGUE VACCINE
14
(DENGVAXIA)
⚫World’s first vaccine against Dengue
⚫By Sanofi Pasteur – first licensed in December, 2015, in Mexico
⚫Registered for use in individuals 9-45 years of age living in endemic
areas
⚫CYD-TDV – live recombinant tetravalent vaccine
⚫3-dose vaccine given on a 0/6/12 month schedule only who had
previously infected and then do go to contact the disease.
15. DENGVAXIA (CYD-TDV)
15
⚫The pre-membrane and envelope proteins from a wild type dengue
virus are substituted into the yellow fever (YF) 17D vaccine backbone
⚫The first phase I study in children was conducted in the dengue non-
endemic region of Mexico City
▪ Vaccine efficacy of CYD against all serotypes was 30.2%
▪ Vaccine efficacy 56.5% (Asian countries)
▪ Vaccine efficacy 60.8% ( Latin America)
In⚫diaAdpporuobvtefdufloervuesne ainft1e1rcWouHnOtrielisghts
green signal for dengue vaccine: More data is needed for its
universal acceptance
16. Oral Cholera
Vaccine
16
⚫ Three type of oral cholera vaccine are available : Dukoral ,Sanchol and
Euvichol.
⚫ Recently live oral cholera VA 1.4 vaccine developed by NICED, Kolkata.
⚫ 66% sero-conversion using only one dose of the vaccine, more protective
than the currently available one.
⚫ The results of the human clinical trial of vaccine has been published
⚫ The biggest differentiating factor is that unlike other three vaccines, the strain
used in the VA1.4 vaccine does not have the gene that produces the cholera
toxin.
⚫ 2main advantages:
✓ Single dose confers higher levels of protection
17. JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS
17
(JE) VACCINE
• JE vaccine SA-14-14-2 (live vaccine) was added to NIP in selected endemic districts in phased
manner since 2006 onwards
• Initially through mass campaign: 1-15 years (one dose during
outbreak/ahead of outbreak)
• Since 2013, became a part of ROUTINE IMMUNIZATION in
identified 181 high burden districts in 2-dose schedule
• JE-1: 9-12 months
• JE-2 : 15-18 months
• 2 types of JE vaccine are widely available
• Inactivated mouse-brain-derived vaccine (IMB)
• Cell-culture-derived live attenuated SA 14-14-2 vaccine
⚫ Dose: 1.0 ml for adults, 0.5 ml for children.
⚫ Booster: single booster dose given at an interval of about 1 year
⚫ Contraindications:- Hypersensitivity to a previous dose of vaccine ,Pregnancy and immune-
suppression
19. HIV vaccine
19
⚫ Urgent global priority
Vaccine
⚫Realistic goal of HIV vaccine: to prevent viremia
Candidate Component
First generation Based on envelope proteins especially gp120
Second generation Live vectors (such as canarypox) or naked
DNA coding for different HIV genes
Third generation Regulatory non-structural proteins eg. Tat (a
transactivator of HIV gene expression) and
Nef (a multifunctional protein)
Majority of these vaccines are in phase I and phase II trials.
20. Classification of candidate LEPROSY
Vaccine
20
⚫ FIRST GENERATION
❑ Non-Cultiviable
▪ Killed M. leprae
▪ Killed M. leprae + BCG
▪ Acetoacetylated M. Leprae Dasypus novemcinctus
❑ Cultiviable
▪ BCG
▪ BCG + M. vaccae
▪ Killed M. welchii
▪ Killed ICRC
⚫ SECOND GENERATION (In vitro/ Animal studies
only)
▪ Subunit vaccines
▪ Shuttle plasmid vaccines
21. M. Indicus Pranii (MIP Vaccine)
21
⚫This Leprosy vaccine to be launched in 2018 and
developed by GP Talwar, founder-director, NII,Delhi.
⚫On Pilot basis in six districts in
Bihar(Banka and Jamui) and Gujarat( Navsari,
Tapi, Bhaurch, and Narmda)
⚫It is a preventive measures to people living in close contact
with diseased person.
⚫To be give along with a dose of Rifampcin.
⚫Trail of MIP efficacy were done in Kanpur Dehat in 2005.
Protective efficacy was 68.6% at end of 1st year, 59% at end
of 2nd year and 39.3% at 3rd year.
22. Cancer vaccine
22
❖This is two type
1)Preventive( prophylactic )
2)Treatment (therapeutic vaccine )
❖Preventive vaccine are gradsil, gradsil 9 and cervarix
for HPV type 16 and 18.
❖Therapeutic vaccine strengthening the natural
defense system of body against the cancer. These
are provenge-R, CG0070 vaccine, Neuvax (E75)
24. NEWER CANCER VACCINE
1-Ca Prostate: PROVENGE® (Sipuleucel-T)
⚫ Treatment of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castrate
resistant (mCRPC) prostate cancer or androgen independent cancer .
⚫ 3 doses at 2-week intervals with I.V. route and median survival 25.8 months in
phase 3 Trial
⚫ TREATMENT IS COST EFFECTIVE
⚫ 2-BREAST CANCER:- Neuvax (E75)
⚫ An intradermal injection once per month for six months (total 6), Booster shots
once every 6 months for 30 months (total 5)
⚫ 3-Bladder cancer: CG0070 vaccine
⚫ Type of Oncolytic virus therapy for BCG-Unresponsive Non-Muscle- Invasive
Bladder Cancer.
⚫ Stimulates cytokine GM-CSF to enhance anti tumour immune response
⚫ 4-CERVIX:- CERVARAX :-PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AGANIST CERTAIN
TYPE OF HPV
⚫ AIMS TO PREVENT THE HPV,16 AND 18 THAT CAUSES 70% OF THE
CERVICAL CANCER CASES
28. NATIONAL IMMUNISATION
WEEK
World Immunisation Week is celebrated in the 24-30th April and is a
good opportunity for us to remember the importance of vaccination
and the role it has played in revolutionising healthcare and saving
countless lives
THEME OF THE NATIONAL IMMUNISATION:- #Long Life For All
