This is a Student Sample of Backup Materials. Please be mindful .docx

This is a Student Sample of Backup Materials. Please be
mindful that it is a student's work and has sections that need
work, as will be discussed in class lectures. It is provided
merely as an idea of what these materials, in general, should
look like. Please submit in hard copy day of your presentation.
Please see separate samples of visual aids used during speech.
STUDENT NAME/SECTION: Sitora Mirsoatova
1. (
to
persuade
)Topic: Switch to fluorescent bulbs
2. Circle the General Purpose of your speech: to inform or
3. List the Main Points that you will develop:
I.Light production methods between fluorescent bulb and
incandescent bulb.
II.Cost savings between incandescent and fluorescent bulbs.
III.Benefits offered by fluorescent bulb.
4. (
Comparative Advantages;
)Method of organization: Circle One Method Below
Chronological; Spatial; Topical; Cause/Effect; Problem/Cause/
Solution
;
Monroe’s Motivated Sequence: Attention, Need, Satisfaction,
Visualization, Action
5. Specify the Specific Purpose: (general purpose, topic, and

main points)
To persuade the audience to switch from incandescent bulbs to
fluorescent bulbs in their homes by highlighting the light
production methods between fluorescent bulb and incandescent
bulb, the cost savings and the benefits offered by the
fluorescent bulb.
6. Write a FULLY DEVELOPED SENTENCE stating the
Specific Purpose Statement/Central Idea of your speech
(includes your specific purpose (#4 above):
Today I will persuade you to switch from using incandescent
bulbs to fluorescent bulbs in your homes by highlighting the
light production methods between the fluorescent bulb and the
incandescent bulb, the cost savings and the benefits offered by
the fluorescent bulb.
7. List a connective/transitional phrase that you may use to get
from your Introduction to Main Point I:
Let me begin with comparing methods of light production
between a fluorescent bulb and incandescent bulb
8. List a connective/transitional phrase that you may use to get
from your MPI to your MPII:
Now, I would like to prove you that switching to a fluorescent
bulb will save you 70% on you electricity bill.
9. List a connective/transitional phrase you may use to get
from MPII to your MPIII:

Now, I would like to share some impressive benefits offered by
fluorescent bulb.
(
Statistics
) (
Comparisons/Contrast
) (
Anecdotes
)10.Circle the form of backup support that your will use in your
speech:
(
Visual Aids
)Definition Examples QuotationsIllustrations Descriptions
& Statistics
Other
(
Quotation
)11.Circle the technique you have chosen for your introduction:
Starling statement Reference to current incident
Reference to a common experience Anecdote Other
12.Circle the technique you will use for your conclusion:

Summary (Review of Main Points)Quotation, Anecdote,
Challenge, (
Echo of introduction
)Other
APA Annotated Bibliography:
Deutsch, C. (2008, January 26). Seeking a More Flattering
Light on, and from, bulbs. New York Times, pp. D5
Mr. Hamburg says the average household reduces its energy
budget by $12 to $20 a month using compact fluorescents.
Additionally, better technology has made the bulbs’ harsh glow
somewhat warmer and softer, though many people still object to
it.
Incandescents are still the simplest technology. You throw some
electricity into a filament and it lights up. And they offer full-
spectrum color. But about 95 percent of the energy is wasted as
heat, and making them more efficient would also make them
much more expensive. Halogen lamps, common for automotive
headlights or spotlights in retail displays, are a bit more
efficient, but they’re also more expensive.
C.F.L.’s are extremely efficient, and cheaper to operate over
their lifetime. But the color just isn’t the same as incandescents,
they don’t work well for spot lighting and for now they don’t
work with dimmer switches.
Rosenbloom, S. (2008, June 24). Home depot offers recycling

for compact fluorescent bulbs. New York Times, pp.C12
Some big retailers are promoting compact fluorescent light
bulbs as a way to save energy. But improper disposal of the
bulbs creates a hazard, because they contain small amounts of
mercury.
Aldo DeRubeis bought compact fluorescent bulbs on Monday at
the Home Depot in New Rochelle, N.Y. Sales of compact
fluorescents climbed to 75 million last year for the retailer.
Recycling them is about to get easier. Home Depot, the nation’s
second-largest retailer, will announce on Tuesday that it will
take back old compact fluorescents in all 1,973 of its stores in
the United States, creating the nation’s most widespread
recycling program for the bulbs.
“We haven’t really had to develop the infrastructure” before
now, said Steven Hamburg, interim director of the Center for
Environmental Studies at Brown University. “The demand
wasn’t there.” But lately, consumers have been getting the
message — in stores, from the media and through awareness
campaigns — that compact fluorescents use up to 75 percent
less energy, last longer and cost less over time than
incandescent bulbs.
Wroe, A. (2010, November 22). Going out all over Europe. The
Economist, pp.43-45
At the time of writing you could still buy them in London, in
packs of six, from under the counter in the hardware shop, as

nervously as a teenager might buy condoms or a packet of
cigarettes. But their days are numbered. Already they have gone
from shops in Australia and Brazil. By the end of 2011 their
sale will be banned in Britain, production ended in Japan and
fadeouts will begin in the United States and intensify across
Europe. They will die, therefore, not with that familiar “ping!”
and “Oh, drat!”, but with a quieter dimming, like the dark
condensate veiling on glass that is very old. Never-theless, it
seems right to speak of incandescent bulbs in the past tense.
They were probably the least efficient way ever devised of
producing light, heating a tungsten filament in a vacuum until it
reached 3,100°F (1,704°C), white-hot. Around 90% of the
energy was not light but heat, as anyone changing a bulb too
readily would discover in a trice. But they generated also the
beautiful word “incandescent”, or at least put it into common
use. Luminescent and fluorescent bulbs might be more virtuous,
but they shone more dully, and poets loved them less.
www.gelighting.com
How does a compact fluorescent light bulb work?
Fluorescent light bulbs (including compact fluorescents) are
more energy-efficient than regular bulbs because of the
different method they use to produce light. Regular bulbs (also
known as incandescent bulbs) create light by heating a filament
inside the bulb; the heat makes the filament white-hot,

producing the light that you see. A lot of the energy used to
create the heat that lights an incandescent bulb is wasted. A
fluorescent bulb, on the other hand, contains a gas that produces
invisible ultraviolet light (UV) when the gas is excited by
electricity. The UV light hits the white coating inside the
fluorescent bulb and the coating changes it into light you can
see. Because fluorescent bulbs don't use heat to create light,
they are far more energy-efficient than regular incandescent
bulbs.
www.volunteerguide.org
Here are some of the impressive benefits offered by compact
fluorescent light bulbs:
· Compact fluorescent light bulbs last up to ten times longer
than incandescent bulbs. Generally, an incandescent bulb lasts
less than 1,000 hours (about one year of use at three hours per
day), while a compact fluorescent bulb lasts about 10,000 hours.
So, if you stall a compact fluorescent light bulb into a lamp on
your child’s first birthday, that same light bulb will most likely
be casting light on his or her sixth grade homework ten years
later.
· Compact fluorescent light bulbs save you money. Although
they initially cost more than incandescent bulbs, compact
fluorescent light bulbs pay for themselves in reduced energy
costs within a few months’ time. As the cost of compact
fluorescent light bulbs keep coming down, the savings will

increase.
· Compact fluorescent light bulbs use 65 to 75 percent less
electricity than incandescent light bulbs and thus are more
energy efficient. Here's why: Incandescent bulbs create light by
heating a filament inside the bulb, which requires a lot of
energy, while compact fluorescent bulbs contain a gas that
produces invisible ultraviolet light when the gas is stimulated
by electricity. Because compact fluorescent bulbs (and regular
fluorescent light bulbs) don't use heat to produce light, they are
much more energy efficient than traditional incandescent light
bulbs. That's why you can replace a 60-watt incandescent bulb
with a 15-watt compact fluorescent bulb and get the same
amount of light.
· Compact fluorescent light bulbs produce about 75 percent less
heat than incandescent bulbs, so they are safer to operate and
can help reduce energy costs associated with cooling your
home.
www.home.howstuffwork.com
The central element in a fluorescent lamp is a sealed glass tube.
The tube contains a small bit of mercury and an inert gas,
typically argon, kept under very low pressure. The tube also
contains a phosphor powder, coated along the inside of the
glass. The tube has two electrodes, one at each end, which are

wired to an electrical circuit.
Fluorescent lamps come in all shapes and sizes, but they all
work on the same basic principle: An electric current stimulates
mercury atoms, which causes them to release ultraviolet
photons. These photons in turn stimulate a phosphor, which
emits visible light photons. At the most basic level, that's all
there is to it!
Persuasion Speech Preparation Outline
Introduction
I. Could 15 minutes really save you 15% or more on car
insurance? I don’t know about that. What I know for sure is that
15 minutes can save you 75% on electricity bill.
II. Good morning; my name is Sitora Mirsoatova and today I
will persuade you to switch from using incandescent bulbs to
fluorescent bulbs in your homes through a research that I have
done using newspaper and magazine articles as well as internet
sources.Comment by IACOBAZZO-DALTON: Needed more
specific source as credibility.
III. I will compare the two methods of producing light used by
the fluorescent bulb and the incandescent bulb, the cost savings
between these two bulbs and share the impressive benefits of
using fluorescent bulbs with you.
(Connective Phrase: Let me begin with comparing methods of

light production between a fluorescent bulb and an incandescent
bulb).
Body
I. Comparison of the light production methods between
fluorescent bulb and incandescent bulbComment by
IACOBAZZO-DALTON: Although student had strong research
cited on Annotative Bibliography page but did not transfer that
to the actual speech.
A. The central element in a fluorescent lamp is a sealed glass
tube.
1. As you can see from this graph, the tube contains a small bit
of mercury and an inert gas, typically argon, kept under very
low pressure. Comment by IACOBAZZO-DALTON: cite source
your found research?
a. The tube also contains a phosphor powder, coated along the
inside of the glass.
b. The tube has two electrodes, one at each end, which are wired
to an electrical circuit
2. When the gas is excited by electricity it produces invisible
ultraviolet light.
a. The UV light hits the white coating inside the fluorescent
bulb.
b. And phosphor coating changes it into light you can see.

B. Because fluorescent bulbs don't use heat to create light, they
are far more energy-efficient than regular incandescent bulbs.
1. Regular bulbs, also known as incandescent bulbs, create light
by heating a filament inside the bulb.Comment by
IACOBAZZO-DALTON: cite evidence your found to backup
this facts. This had several pages' worth of evidence but did
NOT support it here in the actual speech.
a. The heat makes the filament white-hot, producing the light
that you see.
b. A lot of the energy used to create the heat that lights an
incandescent bulb is wasted.(Connective phrase: Now I would
like to prove to you that switching to a fluorescent bulb will
save you 70% on your electricity bill.)
II. Comparison of cost saving between fluorescent bulb and an
incandescent bulb demonstrates the cost savings.
A. Fluorescent bulbs don't use heat to produce light, they are
much more energy efficient than traditional incandescent light
bulbs.
1. I would like to show you the table that I prepared to compare
these two bulbs.
2. Fluorescent vs. Regular Light Bulb: Cost Comparison
Regular(incandescent)
Fluorescent

Units
Power
60
15
Watts
Bulb Life
1000
10000
Hours
Bulb Cost
0.5
3.5
Dollars
3. As you in this table a 60-watt incandescent bulb can be
replaced with a 15-watt fluorescent bulb that provides the same
amount of light.
B. A fluorescent light bulbs last up to ten times longer than an
incandescent bulbs.
1. According to the web site www.ajdesigner.com a fluorescent
bulb lasts about 10,000 hours.
2. A fluorescent light bulb that I stalled into a lamp on my
daughter’s first birthday, will be casting light on her sixth grade
homework ten years later.

3. On the other hand an incandescent bulb lasts less than 1,000
hours about one year of use at three hours per day, not
impressive is it?
C. Compact fluorescent light bulbs save you money.
1. Although they initially cost more than incandescent bulbs,
fluorescent light bulbs pay for themselves in reduced energy
costs within a few months’ time.
2. If electricity rate is 0.09 dollars/kwh electrical cost charged
to run an incandescent bulb for 10,000 hours would be 54
dollars.
a. If you use fluorescent bulb you will save you 40.5 dollars in
electricity cost.
b. But wait that’s not all; you have to replace 10 incandescent
bulbs during 10,000 hour period which gives you 1.5 dollars
more in savings.
c. In total you will save 42 dollars if you just switch to
fluorescent bulb.
(Connective Phrase: Now I would like to share impressive
benefits with you)
III. Some impressive benefits offered by fluorescent bulb
A. According to the website www.energyquest.gov if each
household changed one standard bulb for one compact
fluorescent bulb we can reduce energy use by up to 616 million
kilowatt hours of electricity in one year.
1. We also will save $74.7 million a year on household

electricity bills.
2. We will reduce garbage by keeping up to a billion bulbs out
of the trash.
3. Each fluorescent bulb can last up to 10 times longer than an
ordinary bulb, so think of all those bulbs that won't be thrown
away.
B. We will keep 921 million pounds of carbon dioxide or CO2
out of the environment. CO2 is the most common gas that
contributes to global warming.
1. That's 691 pounds of CO2 saved from the atmosphere with
each fluorescent bulb.
2. Greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, are produced by
the power plants that light your homes.
ConclusionToday I compared two methods of light production
used by fluorescent bulb and incandescent bulb; I also compared
cost saving between these two bulbs and shared impressive
benefits of using fluorescent bulbs with you.Who wants to save
money? Anyone? Everyone! Switch to fluorescent bulbs and you
will kill two birds with one stone - you will save your budget
and the environment.
(

Card
I
)
Introduction
I. 15 minutes 15%. 15 minutes can save you 75% on electricity
bill.
II. Good morning; I will persuade you.
III. Compare two methods of producing light, cost savings
between these two bulbs and share impressive benefits.
(Connective Phrase: comparing methods of light production)
(
Card
II
)Body
I. Comparison of the light production methods between
fluorescent bulb and incandescent bulb
Central element is sealed glass tube
1. Small bit of mercury and an inert gas
a. Phosphor powder
b. Two electrodes
2. Gas produces invisible ultraviolet light
a. The UV

b. (
Ca
r
d
III
)Phosphor coating
CFL more energy-efficientRegular bulbs heating a filament
a. White-hot, producing the light that you see
b. Energy wasted(Connective phrase: switching to a fluorescent
bulb will save you 70%) 1. (
Ca
r
d
IV
)Comparison of cost saving
A. CFL energy efficient than traditional incandescent light
bulbs
1. Show table
2. Fluorescent vs. Regular Light Bulb: Cost Comparison
(
C
a

r
d
V
)
Regular(incandescent)
Fluorescent
Units
Power
60
15
Watts
Bulb Life
1000
10000
Hours
Bulb Cost
0.5
3.5
Dollars
3. 60-watt incandescent bulb can be replaced with a 15-watt
CFL
1. (
Ca

r
d
V
I
)Fluorescents last up to ten times longer
2. About 10,000 hours
3. 6 grade homework ten years later
4. Incandescent less than 1,000 hours
C. Saves you money
1. Pay for themselves
2. 0.09 dollars/kwh 54 dollars
a. Save $40.5
b. $1.5
c. In total save $42
(
C
a
r
d
VI
I
)(Connective Phrase: impressive benefits)Some impressive
benefits offered by fluorescent bulb

Reduce energy use 616 million
1. Save $74.7
2. We will reduce garbage
3. Think of all those bulbs that won't be thrown away.
B. Keep 921 million pounds of CO2 out of the environment
1. 691 pounds of CO2 saved from the
2. Greenhouse gases
Conclusion
I. (
C
a
r
d
V
II
II
)Compared two methods of light production, cost saving and
benefits
II. Who wants to save money
EN274 OL

Criteria Sheet
"Life and Times of Civil Rights Speaker" Speech
Analysis of Persuasive Elements
A. Choose a Famous Orator/Speaker who you would like to
investigate for his/her persuasive Rhetoric Skills.
B. Research this person and his/her speech with regard to the
techniques discussed in your Bb online Reading and Viewings,
utilizing the criteria listed below.
Please follow the basic formula designated in the handout
attached herewith to critique your chosen speaker's skills as
well as you own in relating them.
C. The speeches will be a minimum of eight to (8-10) minutes
in length (which can go as long as 20 minutes since you will be
presenting it for an audience of one through YouTube.
D. Use the following Main Points:
I.
Orator's Background
A. Early Years
B. Professional Career
II.
Orator's Professional Rhetorical Skills (Orator's Communication
Skills)
A. Structural Elements of Orator's Speech i.e.

ELP/Rhetorical Devices
B. Non Verbal Communication (Posture, Poise, Eye
Contact, Audience Focus
C. Oral Delivery Orator employs i.e. Volume, Pitch, rate,
Overall Quality of sound, choice of language.
III.
Legacy of Orator's Rhetoric/Life and Times
A.Exigence - What was happening in that society at that time –
politically and socially – that compelled s/he to craft and share
the speech and thus change the fabric of that society through the
power of language.
B. Why do we remember this particular Orator - what made
him/her special?
Under Course Materials at the left menu there are three links to
help you create your presentation:
· Read the Chapters on outlining in the Lucas textbook "Art of
Public Speaking"
· View the Voice Thread on how to craft the speech and

· Look at the Student Sample of backup materials (which is a
completely different topic and purpose than your Oral Report
but will have the same steps to follow in creating your backup
materials in the Harvard Standard outline format. The Voice
Thread relates to this particular speech as well.
THEN:
· You will have a rudimentary, rough draft of your Annotated
Bibliography due first;
· Then the first rough draft of the body of your speech will be
due
· This will have the above three Main Points;
· Add on the Introduction and Conclusion to your Preparation
Full Sentenced Outline;
· Check/edit for citing of sources, defining terms and correct
grammar
· Practice with this full sentenced Preparation outline in the
Standard Harvard format until you really know each section in
your bones.
· Keeping the same outline numbering, laser/pare down your
sentences to a word or a key phrased Speaking Outline
· Place Speaking Outline on Indexed cards to relate to while
speaking.
· Practice with this Speaking Outline and your Visual Aids.
It all sounds more complex than it really is. Your outlining

ability will NOT be held to the same standard that a full Public
Speaking course would be.
If you need help we can coach you on this process via phone,
Skype or email me for an appt if you are on campus as well.
All oral presentation BACKUP MATERIALS MUST BE TYPED
on 8 ½ x 11 paper
and submitted to Professor the day of your presentation.
Below are materials from one of the online sites which should
be of help with your analyses.
http://sixminutes.dlugan.com/video-critiques/
http://sixminutes.dlugan.com/speech-analysis-franklin-
roosevelt-pearl-harbor-fdr-infamy/
http://sixminutes.dlugan.com/speech-analysis-winston-
churchill-iron-curtain/
The 25 Public Speaking Skills Every Speaker Must Have
by Andrew DluganOct 31st, 2007
Every public speaker should be able to:
1. Research a topic – Good speakers stick to what they know.
Great speakers research what they need to convey their
message.

2. Help your audience grasp your message by focusing on your
message. Stories, humour, or other “sidebars” should connect to
the core idea. Anything that doesn’t needs to be edited out.
3. A well-organized presentation can be absorbed with minimal
mental strain. Bridging is key.
4. Employ, facts, and – Don’t include these for the sake of
including them, but do use them appropriately to complement
your ideas.
5. Metaphors enhance the understandability of the message in a
way that direct language often can not.
6. Everyone loves a story. Points wrapped up in a story are
more memorable, too!
7. and – The body of your presentation should be strong too,
but your audience will remember your first and last words (if,
indeed, they remember anything at all).
8. Knowing when to use humour is essential. So is developing
the comedic timing to deliver it with greatest effect.
9. A monotone voice is like fingernails on the chalkboard.
10. Punctuate words with – Gestures should complement your
words in harmony. Tell them how big the fish was, and show
them with your arms.
11. Utilize 3-dimensional space – Chaining yourself to the
lectern limits the energy and passion you can exhibit. Lose the
notes, and lose the chain.
12. Complement words with visual aids – Visual aids should aid

the message; they should not be the message. Read and adopt
the techniques.
13. Deliver the message they want (or need) to hear.
14. – Eye contact is only the first step. Aim to have the
audience conclude “This speaker is just like me!” The sooner,
the better.
15. Interact with the audience – Ask questions (and care about
the answers). Solicit volunteers. Make your presentation a
dialogue.
16. Not every speaking opportunity affords a Q&A session, but
understand how to lead one productively. Use the Q&A to
solidify the impression that you are an expert, not (just) a
speaker.
17. Lead a discussion – Again, not every speaking opportunity
affords time for a discussion, but know how to engage the
audience productively.
18. Maybe you have 2 minutes. Maybe you have 45. Either way,
customize your presentation to fit the time allowed, and respect
your audience by not going over time.
19. Set the context and make sure the audience is ready to go,
whether the introduction is for you or for someone else.
20. Exhibit confidence and poise – These qualities are
sometimes difficult for a speaker to attain, but easy for an
audience to sense.
21. Maybe the lights will go out. Maybe the projector is dead.

Have a plan to handle every situation.
22. Impromptu speaking (before, after, or during a presentation)
leaves a lasting impression too. Doing it well tells the audience
that you are personable, and that you are an expert who knows
their stuff beyond the slides and prepared speech.
23. Seek and utilize feedback – Understand that no presentation
or presenter (yes, even you!) is perfect. Aim for continuous
improvement, and understand that the best way to improve is to
solicit candid feedback from as many people as you can.
24. Study the strengths and weakness of other speakers.
25. Act and speak ethically – Since public speaking fears are so
common, realize the tremendous power of influence that you
hold. Use this power responsibly.

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