simple ppt

1. JOHNY WILBERT, M.Sc[N]
LECTURER,
APOLLO INSTITUTE OF HOSPITAL
MANAGEMENT AND ALLIED SCIENCE

2. DEFINITION
 Osteosarcoma is a cancerous (malignant) bone tumor that
arises from primitive mesenchymal bone-forming cells,
and its histologic hallmark is the production of malignant
osteoid.

3. INCIDENCE
 Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer in
children. Average age at diagnosis is 15. Boys and girls
are just as likely to get this tumor until the late teens,
when it occurs more often in boys. Osteosarcoma is also
common in people over age 60.

4. CAUSES
 The cause is not known.
RISK FACTORS
 Family history

5. SITES
 Osteosarcoma tends to occur in the bones of the:
 Shin (near the knee)
 Thigh (near the knee)
 Upper arm (near the shoulder)
 Osteosarcoma occurs most commonly in large bones in
the area of bone with the fastest growth rate. However, it
can occur in any bone.

6. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
 Bone fracture
 Bone pain
 Limitation of motion
 Limping (if the tumor is in the leg)
 Pain when lifting (if the tumor is in the arm)
 Tenderness, swelling, or redness at the site of the tumor

7. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATIONS
 Biopsy
 Blood tests
 Bone scan to see if the cancer has spread to other bones
 CT scan of the chest to see if the cancer has spread to
the lungs
 MRI scan
 PET scan
 X-ray

8. TREATMENT
Chemotherapy
 Before surgery to remove the tumor, chemotherapy is
usually given. This can shrink the tumor and make surgery
easier. It may also kill any cancer cells that have spread to
other parts of the body.
 Surgery is used after chemotherapy to remove any
remaining tumor.

9. Surgery
In most cases, surgery can remove the tumor while saving
the affected limb. This is called limb-sparing surgery. In
rare cases, more involved surgery (such as amputation) is
necessary.
COMPLICATIONS
 Limb removal
 Spread of cancer to the lungs
 Side effects of chemotherapy